B GIO DC V O TO VIN HN LM KHOA HC V CễNG NGH VIT NAM HC VIN KHOA HC V CễNG NGH - TRN MNH TUN NGHIấN CU MT S PHNG PHP PHN CM BN GIM ST M TRONG PHN ON NH NHA KHOA LUN N TIN S TON HC H NI 2016 i VIN HN LM KHOA HC V CễNG NGH VIT NAM HC VIN KHOA HC V CễNG NGH TRN MNH TUN NGHIấN CU MT S PHNG PHP PHN CM BN GIM ST M TRONG PHN ON NH NHA KHOA LUN N TIN S TON HC Chuyờn ngnh: c s toỏn hc cho tin hc Mó s: 62 46 01 10 Ngi hng dn khoa hc: PGS.TS Lấ B DNG TS V NH LN H Ni 2016 ii LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi c hon thnh di s hng dn ca th hng dn gm PGS.TS Lờ Bỏ Dng v TS V Nh Lõn Cỏc kt qu c vit chung vi cỏc tỏc gi khỏc ó c s nht trớ ca ng tỏc gi a vo lun ỏn Cỏc kt qu nờu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng c cụng b bt k cụng trỡnh no trc thi gian cụng b Tỏc gi lun ỏn Trn Mnh Tun Trn Mnh Tun i LI CM N Trc ht, tỏc gi xin by t lũng bit n chõn thnh v sõu sc ti cỏc thy giỏo hng dn, PGS.TS Lờ Bỏ Dng v TS V Nh Lõn S tn tỡnh giỳp , ch bo, ng vin tn tỡnh v quớ bỏu m cỏc thy ó dnh cho tỏc gi sut quỏ trỡnh thc hin lun ỏn l khụng th no k ht c Xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc thy cỏc cụ, cỏc nh khoa hc thuc Vin Cụng ngh thụng tin - Vin hm lõm v khoa hc Vit Nam ó tn tỡnh giỳp v to mt mụi trng lm vic ht sc thun li giỳp tỏc gi thc hin tt cụng vic nghiờn cu ca mỡnh Xin chõn thnh gi li cm n ti cỏc anh ch em v cỏc bn Trung tõm tớnh toỏn hiu nng cao, Trng i hc Khoa hc T Nhiờn ó giỳp tỏc gi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v nghiờn cu ti trung tõm Xin c bit cm n TS Lờ Hong Sn ngi ó nhit tỡnh hng dn, to iu kin thun li giỳp tỏc gi hon thnh lun ỏn mt cỏch tt nht Xin gi li cm n chõn thnh ti PGS TS Vừ Trng Nh Ngc, Vin o to Rng Hm Mt, i hc Y H Ni ó cung cp s liu, t chuyờn mụn, cung cp cỏc ti liu cn thit quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu v hon thnh lun ỏn Xin chõn thnh cm n Ban Giỏm Hiu Trng i hc Cụng ngh thụng tin v Truyn thụng i hc Thỏi Nguyờn ó ht sc to iu kin v thi gian v cụng vic tỏc gi cú th trung hon thnh quỏ trỡnh hc tp, nghiờn cu ca mỡnh c bit xin gi li cm n n cỏc thy cụ, cỏc bn ng nghip Khoa Cụng ngh thụng tin ó ng viờn, giỳp tỏc gi sut quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu Cui cựng, xin gi li cm n sõu sc nht ti gia ỡnh, bn bố v ngi thõn, nhng ngi ó luụn l ngun ng viờn tỏc gi cú th hc v nghiờn cu, luụn s chia nhng khú khn vt v quỏ trỡnh nghiờn cu v hon thin ti H Ni, ngy thỏng.nm 2016 Tỏc gi lun ỏn Trn Mnh Tun ii Trn Mnh Tun MC LC M U CHNG TNG QUAN V PHN CM BN GIM ST M TRONG PHN ON NH NHA KHOA 1.1 Bi toỏn phõn on nh nha khoa 1.1.1 Khỏi nim 1.1.2 nh X-quang nha khoa 1.1.3 Nhu cu v ng dng y hc 1.2 Tng quan v cỏc nghiờn cu liờn quan 1.3 Mt s kin thc c s 14 1.3.1 Tp m 14 1.3.2 Phõn cm 17 1.3.3 Phng phỏp gii bi toỏn ti u a mc tiờu 27 1.4 Kt lun 31 CHNG MT S THUT TON PHN CM BN GIM ST M CHO PHN ON NH NHA KHOA 32 2.1 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m lai ghộp 32 2.1.1 Lc tng quan lai ghộp 32 2.1.2 Thut toỏn tỏch ngng Otsu 34 2.1.3 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm m lai ghộp 37 2.1.4 Phõn tớch v ỏnh giỏ thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m lai ghộp 38 2.2 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m cú c trng khụng gian 38 2.2.1 Lc tng quỏt 39 2.2.2 Xõy dng c trng nh nha khoa 39 iii 2.2.3 Xỏc nh thụng tin b tr 44 2.2.4 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m SSFC-SC 46 2.2.5 Phõn tớch v ỏnh giỏ thut toỏn SSFC-SC 51 2.3 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m gii nghim bng tha dng m 52 2.3.1 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m (SSFC-FS) 52 2.3.2 Cỏc tớnh cht v h qu t phõn tớch nghim ca thut toỏn 57 2.3.3 Phõn tớch v ỏnh giỏ thut toỏn SSFC-FS 69 2.4 Xỏc nh thụng tin b tr phự hp cho thut toỏn SSFC-FS 70 2.4.1 Lc tng quỏt 71 2.4.2 Xõy dng cỏc hm thụng tin b tr 71 2.4.3 Xỏc nh hm thụng tin b tr phự hp cho nh nha khoa 74 2.5 Kt lun 78 CHNG NH GI THC NGHIM 79 3.1 Mụ t d liu nh X-quang nha khoa 79 3.1.1 c t d liu 79 3.1.2 Xỏc nh cỏc c trng ca nh nha khoa 82 3.2 o v tiờu ỏnh giỏ kt qu 85 3.3 Cỏc kt qu so sỏnh phõn on nh 88 3.3.1 Kt qu trờn c s d liu nh nha khoa 88 3.3.2 Kt qu vi cỏc tham s thay i 91 3.4 ng dng phõn on nh h tr chn oỏn bnh nha khoa 98 3.4.1 Mụ hỡnh húa bi toỏn 99 3.4.2 Chn phõn on cú kh nng mc bnh 102 3.4.3 Chn oỏn tng phõn on 103 3.4.4 Xõy dng bng tng hp ca cỏc on 106 iv 3.4.5 Phõn tớch v ỏnh giỏ mụ hỡnh DDS 107 3.4.6 Kt qu thc nghim 108 3.5 Kt lun 112 KT LUN 113 NHNG ểNG GểP MI CA LUN N 115 DANH MC CC CễNG TRèNH CễNG B .116 TI LIU THAM KHO 117 PH LC 125 PH LC 128 v DANH MC THUT NG V T VIT TT T y T vit tt APC Affinity propagation clustering APC+ Affinity propagation clustering ci tin BH Ball and Hall BR Banfeld-Raftery CH Calinski-Harabasz DB Davies-Bouldin DDS Dental Diagnosis System DL Difference-Like EEI Entropy, Edge and Intensity eSFCM Semi-supervised Entropy regularized Fuzzy Clustering FCM Fuzzy C-Mean FIS Fuzzy Inference System FKNN Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor LA Lagrange LBP Local Binary Patterns MAE Mean Absolute Error MF Membership Function MSE Mean Squared Error PBM Pakhira, Bandyopadhyay and Maulik RGB Red-Green-Blue vi SSFCM Semi-Supervised Fuzzy C-Mean SSFC-FS Semi-Supervised Fuzzy Clustering algorithm with Spatial Constraints using Fuzzy Satisficing method Semi-Supervised Fuzzy Clustering algorithm with Spatial Constraints using Fuzzy Satisficing method on the Additional Function SSFC-FSAI SSFC-SC Semi-Supervised Fuzzy Clustering algorithm with Spatial Constraints SSSFC Semi-Supervised Standard Fuzzy Clustering SVM Support Vector Machine SSWC Simplified Silhouete Width Criterion CSDL C s d liu CT Cụng trỡnh LT Lý thuyt TN Thc nghim vii DANH MC BNG BIU Bng 1.1 Thut toỏn phõn cm m 21 Bng 1.2 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m chun 23 Bng 1.3 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m theo quy tc entropy 25 Bng 1.4 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m 26 Bng 2.1 Thut toỏn tỏch ngng Otsu 35 Bng 2.2 Thut toỏn phõn cm bỏn giỏm sỏt m lai ghộp 37 Bng 2.3 Ma trn thuc cui cựng ca FCM .45 Bng 2.4 Xỏc nh u1 45 Bng 2.5 Trng s cỏc c trng nha khoa .46 Bng 2.6 Xỏc nh u2 46 Bng 2.7 Xỏc nh ma trn b tr 46 Bng 2.8 Thut toỏn SSFC-SC .51 Bng 2.9 Bng ỏnh giỏ hm mc tiờu (pay-off) ca phng phỏp tha dng m .55 Bng 2.10 Cỏc giỏ tr ca IFV chn hm b tr thớch hp nht 76 Bng 3.1 Thụng tin v cỏc nhúm bnh nhõn 80 Bng 3.2 c trng ca 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SSFC-FS SSFCFSAI 35392 0.672 31968 0.716 32763 0.743 53891 0.763 52761 0.873 23743 0.874 19.99 0.573 6.00E+06 1562.7 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 49482 0.641 Inf 0.531 5.00E+06 992.97 -8.00E+06 4.00E+09 254.27 0.565 8.00E+06 1594 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 254.37 0.537 52.87 102.39 0.643 3.00E+06 738.39 30446 0.685 19.77 0.637 9.00E+06 1457.8 -2.00E+07 7.00E+09 43436 0.677 Inf 0.613 6.00E+06 898.76 -1.00E+07 1.00E+09 321232 27974 47166 52837 0.723 0.731 0.827 0.932 323.27 302.12 47.44 51.67 0.632 0.627 0.788 0.963 8.00E+06 8.00E+06 9.00E+06 1.00E+07 1387.5 1342.8 1663.4 2102.8 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -4.00E+07 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 6.00E+09 7.00E+09 9.00E+09 45375 0.689 Inf 0.549 4.00E+06 839.95 -3.00E+06 5.00E+08 18818 0.792 126.47 0.556 7.00E+06 2345.7 -3.00E+06 1.00E+09 52729 0.667 36424 0.689 nh 11 PBM 24644 DB 0.677 IFV 18.28 SSWC 0.562 CH 5.00E+06 BH 2174.7 BR -3.00E+06 DL 1.00E+09 nh 12 PBM 39879 DB 0.651 47.91 0.672 7.67E+06 1.00E+07 1672 1793 -2.00E+07 -3.00E+07 6.00E+09 7.00E+09 19273 50335 0.735 1.053 98.82 37.38 0.623 0.604 7.00E+06 7.00E+06 2343.4 2569.3 -3.00E+06 -3.00E+06 1.00E+09 1.00E+09 32432 0.632 57903 0.864 0.763 1.00E+07 2092.6 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 1.00E+10 6.00E+09 21736 0.847 68.38 0.764 5.00E+06 798.49 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 14873 46868 0.986 0.893 43.64 41.49 0.645 0.726 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 849.49 4576.8 -3.00E+06 -3.00E+06 2.00E+09 1.00E+09 51724 0.983 28433 0.784 128 IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL nh 24 PBM DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL nh 25 PBM DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL 20.43 0.614 1.00E+07 1626.3 -3.00E+07 6.00E+09 Inf 0.612 2.00E+06 1112.6 -1.00E+07 5.00E+09 66354 0.687 26.96 0.664 2.00E+06 1295.9 -3.00E+06 9.00E+08 87072 0.694 Inf 0.647 701570 601.65 -3.00E+06 3.00E+08 34160 0.676 19.93 0.613 9.00E+06 1652.7 -4.00E+07 7.00E+09 nh 34 PBM 39714 DB 0.66 IFV 20.74 SSWC 0.597 CH 7.00E+06 BH 1627.6 BR -3.00E+07 DL 7.00E+09 nh 35 PBM 45714 98.27 48.84 269.35 0.637 0.681 0.782 9.00E+06 9.00E+06 1.00E+07 1676.7 1982.3 1789.6 -2.00E+07 -2.00E+07 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 6.00E+09 8.00E+09 58902 0.746 52.37 53.29 0.743 0.893 1.00E+07 9.00E+06 847.93 2013.3 -2.00E+06 -2.00E+06 1.00E+10 6.00E+09 72532 85614 85346 0.693 0.725 0.745 213.23 65.5 68.12 0.624 0.788 0.986 27384 402216 602763 1382.3 1393.1 2039.9 -3.00E+06 -4.00E+06 -3.00E+06 9.00E+08 9.00E+08 1.00E+09 74735 0.702 78.94 0.849 323754 784.94 -3.00E+06 9.00E+08 87073 0.698 Inf 0.572 3.00E+06 1123 -1.00E+07 6.00E+09 58902 67323 95844 89377 0.767 0.801 0.804 0.753 102.32 48.92 59.87 215.55 0.627 0.637 0.674 0.765 9.00E+06 9.00E+06 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 1672.7 1536.2 1746.2 2123.9 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -4.00E+07 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 7.00E+09 7.00E+09 9.00E+09 43748 0.784 67.98 0.677 9.00E+06 874.38 -2.00E+07 8.00E+09 50655 0.653 Inf 0.568 1.00E+06 982.27 -1.00E+07 1.00E+09 36489 0.692 259.63 0.583 6.00E+06 1567.6 -3.00E+07 6.00E+09 32744 0.723 34.39 0.674 8.00E+06 946.94 -2.00E+07 7.00E+09 67630 4788.9 426.53 0.666 219097 1382.3 -4.00E+06 9.00E+08 41283 49673 50984 0.673 0.984 0.787 121.28 30.67 32.84 0.628 0.615 0.725 6.00E+06 7.00E+06 9.00E+06 1635.3 1782.7 2350 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 8.00E+09 1.00E+10 52223 72736 70376 52784 129 DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL 0.678 28.78 0.598 6.00E+06 1427.3 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 0.646 Inf 0.767 998263 1122.3 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 0.762 0.724 0.987 0.893 273.3 35.53 39.87 899.34 0.618 0.625 0.827 0.857 6.00E+06 6.00E+06 6.00E+06 7.00E+06 1627.4 1723.3 1982.6 2876.9 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 5.00E+09 5.00E+09 7.00E+09 1.00E+10 35393 0.672 19.998 0.583 1.00E+07 1562.6 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 49482 0.641 Inf 0.618 1.00E+07 893.37 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 31811 0.718 237.19 0.604 1.00E+07 1638.2 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 105923 0.634 26.43 0.636 3.00E+06 1381.9 -4.00E+06 9.00E+08 96292 0.605 Inf 0.766 1.00E+07 836.42 -2.00E+06 3.00E+08 97067 92834 98113 93257 0.681 0.656 0.631 0.712 176.38 69.736 71.893 859.76 0.633 0.643 0.867 0.985 3.00E+07 3.00E+07 3.00E+06 3.00E+06 1364.3 1462.3 1369.1 2037.7 -4.00E+06 -4.00E+06 -5.00E+06 -4.00E+06 9.00E+08 9.00E+08 9.00E+08 1.00E+10 87435 0.689 78.985 0.823 2.00E+06 783.93 -3.00E+06 1.00E+10 nh 65 PBM 35393 DB 0.685 IFV 19.77 SSWC 0.637 CH 1.00E+07 BH 1562.6 BR -3.00E+07 DL 7.00E+09 nh 66 49482 0.677 Inf 0.613 1.00E+07 893.37 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 31811 0.731 302.12 0.627 1.00E+07 1638.2 -3.00E+07 5.00E+09 23734 0.847 68.38 0.764 1.00E+07 748.94 -2.00E+07 9.00E+09 nh 55 PBM DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL nh 56 PBM DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL 32416 35437 32644 0.692 0.687 0.721 121.45 53.68 67.78 0.612 0.782 0.893 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 1626.4 1644.6 2012.8 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -2.00E+07 7.00E+09 7.00E+09 8.00E+09 33418 0.723 323.27 0.632 35357 32464 0.827 0.932 47.44 51.67 0.788 0.963 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 1.00E+07 1626.4 1644.6 2012.8 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 5.00E+09 7.00E+09 1.00E+10 0.856 43.94 0.684 7.00E+06 756.98 -2.00E+07 9.00E+09 27334 0.72 70.94 0.743 1.00E+07 748.94 -2.00E+07 8.00E+09 130 PBM DB IFV SSWC CH BH BR DL 39714 0.66 20.74 0.597 7.00E+06 1627.6 -3.00E+07 7.00E+09 50655 0.653 Inf 0.568 1.00E+06 982.27 -1.00E+07 1.00E+09 36489 0.692 259.63 0.583 6.00E+06 1567.6 -3.00E+07 6.00E+09 41283 49673 50984 0.673 0.984 0.787 121.28 30.67 32.84 0.628 0.615 0.725 6.00E+06 7.00E+06 9.00E+06 1635.3 1782.7 2350 -3.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -2.00E+07 6.00E+09 8.00E+09 1.00E+10 32744 0.723 34.39 0.674 8.00E+06 946.94 -2.00E+07 7.00E+09 131