MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY NGUYEN VAN DUNG PROFESSIONAL WORDS AND PHRASES OF MARINE CRAFT IN THANH HOA (SEEN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LANGUAGE - CULTURE) Major: Linguistics Code: 62.22.01.01 SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN PHILOLOGY VINH - 2016 INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing the title 1.1.The continuous and uneven development of language among regions, strata, sectors of the society has made up the richness and diversity of the national languages As a result, apart from a common language used by the whole population, there appear variants of language including the vocabulary system of people who associate with a manufacturing job We call them professional words and phrases Thus, it is necessary to study professional words and phrases because it contributes to clarify the diversity of national languages 1.2 Professional words and phrases are considered as not only means of communication but also means of cultural reflection of employees Currently, many traditional working villages have been gradually eroded or changed by the trends of industrialization and modernization Therefore, words and phrases of traditional crafts are going to be disappeared On the one hand, collecting traditional professional words and phrases and studying them in terms of language - culture is not only necessary but also urgent On the other hand, until now, the studies on professional words and phrases from the perspective of language - culture are still less This is also a theoretical and practical aspect that must be much concerned 1.3 Thanh Hoa province, with a long history, is seen as a sacred land with extraordinary people The exploitation process of the sea by ancient Vietnamese here was also relatively early and it was imbued with many unique imprints of marine culture Therefore, studies on professional words and phrases not only show the values of language but also provide us with much knowledge of local marine culture, contributing to preserve the national culture Aims and research tasks 2.1 Aims of the dissertation The dissertation studies professional words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa, particularly words and phrases referred to tools, tackles, operational procedures and products of marine craft This aims at clarifying the characteristics of language - culture expressed in these words and phrases in terms of composition, origin, meaning and identification On this basis, the study also contributes to preserve the national language - culture 2.2 Research tasks - Surveying from fieldwork; collecting professional words and phrases of fishing craft in Thanh Hoa province; presenting a research overview and theoretical basics of the dissertation - Describing and analyzing the characteristics of language - culture performed in its composition, origin, identification and semantics of words and phrases referred to marine fishing tackles, operational procedures and marine products in Thanh Hoa Objects and scopes of the dissertation 3.1 Object 1587/1942 units of words and phrases of fishing craft are collected from fieldwork as research subjects including fishing tackles (543 units), operational procedures (239 units) and marine products of the three categories: fishing craft, fish sauce and salt production (805 units) 3.2 Scope and research materials - The dissertation studies professional words and phrases of marine craft and relevant issues of culture expressed in words and phrases of residents living in the coastal regions of Thanh Hoa province - Research materials are collected from fieldwork, documents and folk compositions of marine craft in Thanh Hoa province Research methods Fieldwork method; statistical methods; analysis-synthetic methods; interdisciplinary research methods; modeling and comparison are displayed in the dissertation New contributions of the dissertation A large number of professional words and phrases of marine craft are collected from fieldwork On the one hand, it is the useful and important material resources of language On the other hand, the dissertation done from the perspective of language -culture not only clarifies linguistic values but also contributes to indicate the characteristics of thinking, perception, local cultural nuances of Thanh land through professional words and phrases The theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation 6.1 The theoretical and practical significance - The dissertation provides useful materials for subsequent researches of professional words and phrases in general, words and phrases referred to marine craft in particular - The dissertation studies professional words and phrases in a new direction that is done from the perspective of language - culture The research results contribute to improve the positive development of Vietnamese lexicology 6.2 The practical significance Words and phrases of marine craft in the dissertation contribute to preserve the traditional values of marine craft in Thanh land and to be a material resource for writing a dictionary of professional words as well as a reference book for researchers of language, culture and local history Layout of the dissertation Chapter 1: A research overview and theoretical basics of the dissertation Chapter 2: Characteristics of language - culture of words and phrases referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa Chapter 3: Characteristics of language - culture of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa Chapter 4: Characteristics of language - culture of words and phrases referred to marine products in Thanh Hoa Chapter A RESEARCH OVERVIEW AND THEORETICAL BASICS OF THE DISSERTATION 1.1 A research overview 1.1.1 Researches on professional words and phrases Foreign researchers, typically Soviet ones, namely: L.A Kapanadze and A.V Superanskaja, E.G Bondaletop, IU.V.Rozdextvenxki Researches on professional words and phrases in textbooks written by Vietnamese authors such as Nguyen Van Tu (1968); Do Huu Chau (1981); Mai Ngoc Chu, Dao Vu Duc- Hoang Trong Khoi (2007); Nguyen Thien Giap (2010) ….; in the article presented by Hoang Trong Canh, Le Viet Chung, Pham Hung Viet and in some MA thesises done by Ngon Thi Bich, Tran Thi Ngoc Hoa,…Among the research materials on professional words and phrases, the scientific project Professional words and phrases of pottery craft in Bat Trang traditional working village done by Nguyen Van Khang of the Linguistic Institute (2002) is very useful to this dissertation Overall, in the textbooks, scientific projects and articles, the authors only provided general studies, not deep studies on professional words and phrases in a systematic way in terms of composition, identification and semantics from the perspective of language - culture 1.1.2 Researches on professional words and phrases of marine craft There are two typical scientific projects at ministerial and national levels done by Hoang Trong Canh, namely: Professional words and phrases expressed in dialects in Nghe Tinh (initial study of words and phrases referred to fishing craft, fish sauce and salt production) (2004) and Research on words and culture of marine craft in the coastal regions of Thanh - Nghe Tinh land (2014, with the author’s participation) The two above projects displayed words and phrases of marine craft in a systematic and detailed manner; analyzed composition model, identification, semantic characteristics and some marine cultural nuances through words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh - Nghe Tinh land Researches on words and phrases of marine craft are also presented in the articles of Hoang Trong Canh, Pham Tat Thang…, in some MA thesis of Luong Vinh An, Nguyen Thi Quynh Trang…at Vinh University Besides, some professional words and phrases of fishing jobs were displayed some studies from the social, cultural and economic perspective, typically, the monograph The socio-economic life of fishermen and residents in the coastal regions of the South (2014) by Phan Thi Yen Tuyet 1.1.3 Researches on words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa The first researcher of this issue was a French scholar, Ch Robequain, with the book Le Thanh Hoa (1929) Words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa were less mentioned in the studies of Thanh Hoa geography book and folk literature… However, research results only focused on cultural history, not referred to the language-culture aspect of professional words and phrases Le Thi Duyen had made a study on words and phrases of marine craft under the perspective of linguistics in her MA thesis “Surveying words and phrases of marine craft in Hau Loc - Thanh Hoa” (2010) But the study was in the research scope of Hau Loc district and its material resource was not enough It can be said there have not been a study published with its complete perspectives of linguistics and unified concepts so far This is a theoretical and practical basis for us to this study 1.2 Theoretical basis of the dissertation 1.2.1 General issues of professional words and phrases 1.2.1.1 Concepts of professional words and phrases a.Conceptions on professional words and phrases done by foreign scholars including L.A Kapanađze and A.V Superanskaja b.Conceptions on professional words and phrases done by Vietnamese scholars including Luu Van Lang (1960), Nguyen Van Tu (1968), Do Huu Chau (1981),… c.Conceptions on professional words and phrases displayed in the dissertation 1) Units of words and phrases referred to tools, tackles, operational procedures and products of marine craft… are created and widely used by the people having the same job 2) Words and phrases used commonly by fishermen and used as a dialect by other people who don’t work in marine craft to refer to tackles, activities, products….of marine craft 3) Words and phrases are used commonly by fishermen, not used by the other people, to refer to tackles, activities, products….of marine craft 1.2.1.2.Positions of professional words and phrases in the lexicology of a language: Professional words and phrases are words and phrases used in social restrictions (called social dialects) and style of speaking by those who have the same job (mainly used in communication) 1.2.2 Relationship between professional words and other words and phrases a Professional words and common words: Professional words are different from common words in terms of the scope of use, the user of objects, the content, the style of use and the importance in the national language But they have a close relationship b Professional words and local words: Professional words belonging social dialects stem from a craft; local words can be used in a locality, not in another one But they have a close relationship c Professional words and slangs: Slangs and professional words have some similarities but they can be differed clearly In fact, there are some difficulties to differ some slangs and professional words - professional slangs d Professional words and terms: Terms refer to scientific concepts with accuracy, internationality and systematization; professional words refer to tackles, activities and products of a craft and are used by employees of this craft, rarely used by other people 1.3 Culture and relationship of language - culture 1.3.1 Concepts of culture 1.3.1.1 Concepts of culture in the world: in China, culture is considered as a teaching method for human In the West, term of culture has an initial general meaning as tree, cultivation, reclamation 1.3.1.2 Concepts of culture in Vietnam: After quoting concepts of culture of Ho Chi Minh, Pham Duc Duong, Ngo Duc Thinh, … the dissertation is based on the concept done by Tran Ngoc Them: “Culture is an organic system of material and spiritual values created and accumulated by human over a long process of practical activity, in the interaction between the human and the natural and social environment” 1.3.2 Relationship of language - culture Language and culture have a close and inseparable relationship Language is the most important element of culture and it is also a cultural product that transmits keeps and reflects the existence of the other elements of culture Conversely, culture and national cultural elements are shared and expressed through language 1.4 Identification and language - culture characteristics of identification 1.4.1 Concepts of identification: Identification is a result of which people recognize, divide objective reality and sign language to name, record the cognitive results 1.4.2 Mechanism of identification: According to Hoang Van Hanh, mechanism of identification includes: (a) the usage of elements as means, (b) the impact on element system, (c) creating derivative units in some way 1.4.3 Language - culture characteristics of identification Language - culture characteristics of identification are reflected in the naming subject When naming an object, we must base on the reasons of the naming subject (will, desire, love, ) or the choice of characteristics of that object (important or unimportant characteristics with distinctive features) to name that object 1.5 Composition and composition methods of words and phrases 1.5.1 Concept of words and types of word composition 1.5.1.1 Concept of words: We choose the conceptions of Nguyen Tai Can on words in Vietnamese to indentify professional words 1.5.1.2 Types of word composition: in order to the study, we survey and collect types of Vietnamese word composition according to conceptions of Nguyen Tai Can: single words, compound words, reduplicated words and fortuitous words 1.5.1.3 Elements of professional word composition a Basic elements: According to Nguyen Tai Can, we notice that each “word” is a basic element of professional words b Direct elements: Direct elements of a complex must be analyzed first 1.5.1.4 Patterns of word composition: Based on dependent/independent or meaningful/meaningless criteria of elements in word composition (morpheme word), we can recognize the patterns of word composition in Vietnamese 1.5.2 Conceptions on types of phrase composition 1.5.2.1 Conceptions on phrases: Units of words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are phrases including idioms and professional terms 1.5.2.2 Patterns of phrase composition: The two patterns of phrase composition of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are noun phrase and verb phrase 1.6 An overview of Thanh Hoa province, marine craft and the results of collecting and classifying words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa 1.6.1 An overview of Thanh Hoa province Thanh Hoa province has a population of about 3.6 million (3rd of the country) with seven ethnic groups (Kinh, Muong, Thai, Tho, Dao, Khmu, Hmong) Thanh Hoa is also a land with a long history and is home to the most ancient Vietnamese people 1.6.2 General information of marine craft in Thanh Hoa Ancient Vietnamese people reached and exploited the sea in the early time but they did farming and went fishing 1.6.3 Results of collection and classification We collected 1942 units of words and phrases of marine craft referred to the nine contents including: tackles, operational procedures, products, natural phenomenon, organization, individual, material, fishing ground, crop and measure 1.7 Conclusion of chapter On the basis of systematizing the materials, the theoretical views on professional words, the dissertation presents knowledge of professional words, position of professional words and relationship between professional words and other words Besides, the study also points out the issues related to culture, relationship of language - culture, identification and language-culture characteristics of identification, conceptions on words and phrases and composition as theoretical basis for the dissertation With the results of surveys and fieldwork from poetry, we collect 1942 units of words and phrases of marine craft In terms of content, words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa consist of nine contents of vocabulary-semantics including words referred to products; tackles and operational procedures accounted for the highest number The dissertation will study language - culture characteristics of the above word classes through composition, origin, identification, and semantics Chapter LANGUAGE-CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF WORDS AND PHRASES REFERRED TO FISHING TACKLES OF MARINE CRAFT IN THANH HOA 2.1 Composition of words and phrases referred to tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa 2.1.1 Composition of words and phrases of marine craft referred to fishing tackles 2.1.1.1 Single word: 116 units (20.36%) Single words referred to fish sauce and salt production with professional characteristics which cannot be easily understood by other people For example: thêu (A tool nearly like a shovel is used to take and scratch salt), dạt (A system of salt water filtration when land is covered with high salinity),…(salt production); trúp(A tool knitted by bamboo is placed on the fish tank), kiệu(A big jar is used to salt fish), thảng(A tool is used to salt fish sauce),… (fish sauce production) Meanwhile, many single words referred to fishing tackles of fishing jobs that are very popular among people 2.1.1.2 Compound words There are about 410 units of compound words (75.51%) among vocabulary system in which: a Subordinate compounds: accounting for nearly absolute amount of compounds related to fishing tackles, 404 units, and 98.54% Many subordinate compounds can be understood by other people who don’t work with fishing craft such as buồm lá ke (A kind of sail like palm trees),…(fishing craft); bầu diệc (A tool is made from a dry gourd to shovel water ),…(salt production) b Coordinate compounds: there are only units (1,46%) among compound system 2.1.1.3 Fortuitous words: There are units (0.37%) among vocabulary system such as vô-lăng (Round steeringwheel for the boat, ship), móoc sĩa đọoc (An iron and pointed tool is used to catch swamp eel) (fishing craft) 2.1.1.4 Phrase: There are 25 phrases (2.67%) among vocabulary system, namely: dây giềng lưới kéo (Connecting parts are used assemble fishnets together), dây đỏi lưới kéo (A kind of string connecting nets together), (fishing craft) Thus, composition of subordinate compound stem from composition of words referred to fishing tackles of marine craft Otherwise, words and phrases referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are mainly specific identifications which aim at specializing the objects of this craft It means that the semantic specialization of professional words and phrases is very high 2.1.2 Patterns of composition of words referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa 2.1.2.1 Patterns of composition of subordinate compound in terms of direct elements * Pattern 1: The first direct element (C) - the second direct element (P) including one basic element (P) There are 296/402 units (73.63%) For example: bóng ốc (A fishing tackle is used to catch snails),…(fishing craft); bàn chà (A tool made of a piece of bamboo is used to mashed tiny shrimp)…(fish sauce production)… * Pattern 2: The first direct element (C) - the second direct element (P) including two basic elements P1, P2 There are 77/402 units (19.15%) - Type 1: P1 and P2 are included in a subordinate relationship, namely: bóng cá hồng (A lattice fishing tackle is used to catch snapper),,…(fishing craft); trang đánh mắm (A tool is made of wood, used to stir fish sauce),…(fish sauce production) - Type 2: P1 and P2 are included in a reduplicated or coordinated relationship For example: thuyền nô câu (The fishing boat),…(fishing craft); lù náo trộn (A part of jar made of wood is used to soak up fish sauce ),…(fish sauce production) * Pattern 3: The first element (C) -The second direct element including three basic elements P1, P2, P3 There are 27/402 units (6.72%), namely: lưới kéo tầng đáy (A kind of tunny net is used to exploit seafood at the sea bed),… (fishing craft) * Pattern 4: The first element (C) - The second direct element including four basic elements P1, P2, P3, P4 There are 2/402 units (0.5%) such as lưới kéo đơn tầng đáy (A kind of net with a bag-shaped shell The mouth of the net is opened horizontally by two planks), lưới kéo đôi tầng đáy (A kind of net with a bag-shaped shell The mouth of the net is opened vertically by two boards) (fishing craft) The study results showed that subordinate compounds related to fishing tackles of marine craft make up a majority of vocabulary system These compounds are made of the two direct elements (a direct element consists of a basic element) The combinations of three or more elements (three basic elements) not make up a large number 2.1.2.2.Patterns of composition of subordinate compound in terms of dependent or independent characteristics of elements Pattern 1: Independent element (A) - Independent element (A) There are 371/402 units (92.29%) For example: bóng đĩa (A fishing tackle like a plate),… (fishing craft) Pattern 2: Independent element (A) - Dependent element (A) or Dependent element (B) - Independent element (A) There are 28/402 units (accounting for 6.96%) For example: Independent element (fishing craft) Pattern 3: Dependent element (B) - Dependent element (B) There are 3/402 units (0.75%): ấp khẩu (A part of boat bottom, bordering the water level.), xăm tuylen (A kind of net with small mesh eyes is made from tuylen fibers), định vị (A device is used to search the path of fish) (fishing craft) According to the results, type accounts for a large number, type and make up very low numbers It means that the elements forming the subordinate compounds related to fishing tackles of marine craft are mainly independent and meaningful By contrast, elements forming subordinate compound are mainly dependent 2.1.2.3 Combined elements forming the words and phrases related to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of its scope of use a Meaning elements used in national language + meaningful elements used in dialects A+B AB: 40/410 units (9.76%) For example: lưới rênh (A kind of net is equipped with a buoy on the top, a lead layer at he bottom to prevent the net from sinking), lưới sẻo (A kind of net is used in the ancient fishing craft),…(fishing craft); bầu diệc (A tool is made from a dry gourd to shovel water ),… (salt production) b.Meaningful elements used in dialects + meaningful elements used in national language B+A BA: 29/410 units (7.07%) For example: xiệng luồng (A raft is made of bamboo)…(fishing craft); xêu thu cát (A tool is used to shovel sand),…(salt production) c Meaningful elements used in national language + meaningful elements used in national language 10 A +A AA: 336/410 units (81.95%) For examples: lưới kéo (A kind of net like a bag is used to catch fish by the towing capacity of the boat),…(fishing craft); bàn chà (A tool made of a piece of bamboo is used to mashed tiny shrimp),… (fish sauce production)… d Meaningful elements used in dialects + meaningful elements used in dialects B +B BB: 5/410 units (1.22%) For examples: chà rạo (A fishing tackle is made from tree branches, hanging on the water surface to create the shade for catching fish), (fishing craft); lù náo trộn (A part of jar made of wood is used to soak up fish sauce) (fish sauce production) In terms of the number and percentage according to the patterns, the pattern (c) with the number and the highest rate (336/81.95%), followed by combinations of (a) (40/9.76 %), and followed by combinations (b) (29/7.07%) and combinations (d) (5/1.22%) The national characteristics used in the job are common and important to the composition of professional words and phrases Elements forming words are dialects which don’t have much national characteristics but have special characteristics of a craft of a locality 2.2 Language-culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in terms of their origin 2.2.1 Words and phrases related to fishing tackles are Vietnamese native words: 522/543 units (96.13%) such as bóng (A kind of fishing tackle knitted by bamboo, like a ball, is used for catching shrimp, crab), đăng (A kind of fishing tackle made of net or bamboo is placed to block water flow for catching fish up),… (fishing craft) 2.2.2 Borrowing words referred to fishing tackles: 21/543 units (3.87%) (borrowing words or words of borrowing elements) For examples: xăm len (A kind of net with small mesh eyes is made from tuylen fibers), be xốp (A kind of raft is made of bamboo and styrofoam),…(fishing craft) Research results show that words and phrases referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are mainly Vietnamese native words, not many borrowing words It proves that marine craft in Thanh Hoa is a traditional craft which is still highly rudimentary and without modern tackles 2.3 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to fishing tackles in terms of identification 2.3.1 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to fishing tackles of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of causal characteristic 2.3.1.1 Words with specific units: 424 units (78.08%) such as: lưới yếm (A thrust trip of shrimp’s path (shrimp pounding craft),…(fishing craft) 2.3.1.2 Words with unspecific units: 119 units (21.92%) For examples: neo (A heavy tool is made of iron to prevent boats/ship from floating), rạo (A kind of fishing tackle is made from tied tree branches, hanging on the water surface to create the shade to decoy fish),…(fishing craft); bung (A tool like a pot made of copper is used to cook fish sauce), phồm (A plastic tool is used to refine fish sauce),…(fish sauce production) Words with unspecific units are mainly single words or some compounds derived from Indo-European loan Words of specific units are mainly compounds or 15 134/146 units (91.78%) For example: bắt phao(The act of holding the buoy, climbing the boat up and pulling the buoy up after dropping), câu đen (The act of using the fishing rod with bright lights to decoy fish and cuttles to the light),… (fishing craft); bắt muối (Fish is absorbed into salt after being pickled), rút nỏ (Extracting fish sauce without heating it),…(fish sauce production); bừa ngang (Raking sand and drying sand horizontally to spud sand), diễu dạt (Getting sea water from the groove),…(salt production) * Pattern 2: The first direct element (C) - the second direct element (P) including basic elements P1, P2 11/146 units (7.53%) For example: câu cố định (The method of catching fish by parking the boat on a fixed fishing place),…(fishing craft),… * Pattern 3: The first direct element (C)- the second direct element (P) including basic elements P1, P2, P3 1/146 units (0.68%): đánh hình chữ chi (The zigzag method of catching fish) (fishing craft) In fact, derivative identification of verbs is not much Besides, in marine craft, activities are done quickly and saved in minds Thus, combination of there or more elements (the first direct element with one basic element; the second direct element with basic elements) are less 3.1.2.2 Compound composition patterns in terms of independent or dependent elements Pattern 1: independent element (A)- independent element (A) 133/162 units (82.10%) For example: câu chạy thuyền (The method of catching fish by pulling the rod along the boat),…(fishing craft); bắt muối (Fish is absorbed into salt after being pickled),…(fish sauce production); qua ô (Water flows from one ground to another ground), …(salt production) Pattern 2: independent element (A) - dependent element (B) or dependent element (B) - independent element (A) 24/162 units (14.81%) For example: neo giã (Storing the net after catching fish), … (fishing craft); chằn chượp (The act of pressing fish),… (fish sauce production) Pattern 3: dependent element (B)- dependent element (B) 5/162 units (3.09%): bổ tróc (The act of using fishing tackles to snatch fish ) (fishing craft); diễu dạt (Getting sea water from the groove), khản dạt (The act of pressing the soil by feet) (salt production)… From the results, elements of compound composition are mainly independent and meaningful (pattern 1) such as compounds referred to fishing tackles Compounds referred to operational procedures mainly belong to subordinate or coordinated relationship, and subordinate relationship is dominant 3.1.2.3 Elements forming words related to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of the scope of use a Meaningful elements used in national language + elements used in dialects A+B AB: 19/162 units (chiếm 11.73%) For examples: bể (Marine craft),…fishing craft); bới dát (Shoveling soil from the hole and pouring it aside),… (salt production) b Meaningful elements used in dialects + Meaningful elements used in 16 national language B+A BA: 12/162 units (7.41%) For examples: thao lưới (The act of taking up the net into right direction after taking fish out),… (fishing craft); hon cát (Putting sand in a pile)… (salt production); náo đảo (Extracting fish sauce from the bottom of the jar to pickle the upper layer of fish so that fish is quickly disintegrated to become fish sauce),…(fish sauce production) c Meaningful elements used in national language + Meaningful elements used in national language A+A AA: 128/162 units (79.01%) For examples: đon nước (Observing water level to sail away to the high sea),… (fishing craft); cạo ô (Gathering salt on the surface of the ground), hắt ô (Scattering and dry sand in the ground),… (salt production) d Meaningful elements used in dialects + meaningful elements used in dialects B+B BB: 03/162 units (1.85%) namely: bổ tróc (The act of using fishing tackles to snatch fish ) (fishing craft); diễu dạt (Getting sea water from the groove), khản dạt (The act of pressing the soil by feet) (salt production) Like compounds referred to fishing tackles, compounds referred to operational procedures of marine craft are covered widely with national elements Because professional words has no synonym in national language, they easily become national words when these concepts become popular in the society, even though they can also be used in the art documents and relatively easy to understand 3.2 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to operational procedures in terms of origin 3.2.1 Words and phrases referred to operational procedures are Vietnamese native words 30/239 units (96.23%) For example: reo (The act of using two boats to enclose fish, both pulling and shouting to make noises, then gathering fish into the boat),…(fishing craft); dặt (Pressing fish closely in the tank), hãm (Drying fish sauce in high temperature to lengthen soaking time),…(fish sauce production); chêm (The act of adding sand and water on the surface of salt field) tỉa cồn (The act of drying filtered soil to be salt pickled),…(salt production) 3.2.2 Words and phrases referred to operational procedure are borrowing words (including borrowing words and words with borrowing elements): 9/239 units (3.77%) For example: phối trộn (Mixing fish sauce with different protein levels ), chế biến (To process),…(fish sauce production); biên (Catching fish in the border of the continental shelf ),…(fishing craft) Marine craft is a traditional craft which is formed and developed in a region or a village Operational procedures are mainly formed from folk experiences Thus, a large number of words and phrases referred to activities are Vietnamese native words imbued with professional characteristics In the trend of modernization of current crafts, borrowing foreign languages for the identification of objects is inevitable, even this trend appears more and more However, words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa contain a few of borrowing 17 elements, especially Indo-European elements which show that this craft is done by folk experiences, without modern methods 3.3 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to operational procedures in term of identification 3.3.1 Language-culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in term of causal characteristics 3.3.1.1 The specific identification: 177/239 units (74.06%) For example: câu cố định (The method of catching fish by parking the boat on a fixed fishing place), đánh hình chữ chi (The zigzag method of catching fish),…(fishing craft) 3.3.1.2 The unspecific identification: 62/239 units (25.94%) For example:, sẻo (Catching fish by lưới sẻo and quickly take fish out of the net),… (fishing craft); trấp (The act of sealing the mouth of the jar to keep fish sauce from flies and rain),… (fish sauce production) Words and phrases with specific identification are times higher than those with unspecific identification Identification units are compounds and naming phrases By contrast, units of unspecific identification belong to single words The number of single words referred to operational procedures show that causal characteristics are less (6/62 units) These words are created on the principle of semantic derivatives Meanwhile, compounds and verb phrases referred to operational procedures are units of causal characteristics which make up an absolute percentage 3.3.2 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to operational procedures in terms of the denotation of the names Pattern 1: Activities + manner of activities 78/177 units (44.07%): gõ (Knocking the edges of the boat to decoy fish into the net),…(fishing craft); giặt vỉ (To wash the grill before putting it on the surface of the jar),…(fish sauce production); diễu dạt (Getting sea water from the groove.),…(salt production) Pattern 2: Activities + object of activities 49/177 units (27.68%): bắt phao (The act of holding the buoy, climbing the boat up and pulling the buoy up after dropping vàng lưới),…(fishing craft); cà mắm (The act of stirring fish during fish sauce production process),…(fish sauce production); đẩy đất (Moving soil by wheelbarrow),…(salt production) Pattern 3: Activities+ position 16/177 units (11.3%): áp lộng (The act of catching fish inshore), chải đáy (The way of selecting the position to drop and place đáy),… (fishing craft) Pattern 4: Activities+ fishing tackles 16/177 units (9.04%): đánh câu rê (The method of dropping fish hooks, dragging the boat to decoy fish),… (fishing craft) Pattern 5: Activities+ activities of using relevant fishing tackles 7/177 units (3,95%): câu (The act of catching fish by fishing rod),…(fishing craft); cào (To rake fish),…(fish sauce craft); bừa (The act of making sand soft by a harrow), nạo (The act of scrape precipitated salt by scraper) (salt production) 18 Pattern 6: Activities + frequency 2/177 units (1.13%): phơi hoa (Drying a thick layer of sand for 3-4 days and getting a thin layer of sand per day), phơi dày (Drying a thin layer of sand and getting salted sand in the same day) (salt production) Pattern 7: Activities+ state 2/177 units (1.13%): bắt muối (Fish is absorbed into salt after being pickled), tiếp nhiệt (Extracting fish sauce, heating it and pour it in to the salt-pickled jar) (fish sauce production) Pattern 8: Activities+ nature 2/177 units (1.13%): ướt (After buying the boat, choosing a good day to start marine craft), siêng (Frequently sailing away) (fishing craft) Pattern 9: Activities+ time 1/177 units (0.56%): đánh quáng (The method of catching fish at dawn or sunset) (fishing craft) The characteristics of identification are chosen on the basis of elements like manners, methods The next elements are objects/place, position of activities/means or tackles related to activities The characteristics including activities of using tackles /frequency/state/nature/time are less concerned to be chosen for the identification In addition, the names of operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are formed by the combination of visual and abstract identifications 3.4 Some cultural characteristics of Thanh land expressed through words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft 3.4.1 Cultural characteristics of Thanh land expressed through the composition of the names of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft Words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are mainly complex composition in which combination is the leading factor With this kind of word, the role of semantics - identification is identified by classification Classification can include an element (identification level 1) or 2,3 elements (identification level 2,3) Through the identification of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft, we notice the close relationship between residents and their craft in Thanh Hoa A large number of elements of national language are used in composition of professional words and phrases referred to operational procedures In the other words, in the operational practices of this craft, in addition to words and phrases imbued with professional characteristics of the locality and words and phrases that are popular among people still exist This is not only the general characteristic of professional words but also specific nuances of marine craft in Thanh land expressed in words and phrases referred to operational procedures 3.4.2 Cultural characteristics of Thanh land expressed through the identification of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft Among methods of identification referred to operational procedures of marine craft, manner, object, position and place of operation are the most typical… 19 But different from the name of things, naming subject is chosen by appearance (appearance, shape, color, structure…), the names of operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are usually chosen by function, manner and methods of activities In other words, words and phrases referred operational procedures are covered with intuitive and abstract thoughts With the above identification methods, residents in the coastal regions of Thanh Hoa present a diverse vision on activities of marine craft 3.4.3 Cultural characteristics of Thanh land expressed in folk poetry on activities of marine craft With marine craft in Thanh Hoa, many fishing methods become a local tradition that is unique, namely: nghề văng tay (A traditional fishing craft in which a net is tied with pieces of bamboo and then fishermen draw the net up), nghề sẻo (A traditional fishing craft in which a triangle net with the two long bamboos on the sides The net is drawn closely on the ground to catch fish), nghề kéo rùng (A traditional fishing craft in which a board or a raft is spread from the shore, turned around and draw up to the shore), They go into the treasure of proverbs and folk songs This is not only a work of folk literature but also an intellectual treasure of marine craft 3.5 Conclusion of chapter Words and phrases referred to operational procedures are not higher than those referred to fishing tackles but they are imbued with characteristics of marine craft In terms of patterns of composition, in addition to elements used in dialects, a large amount of elements of national language are used in the composition of professional words and phrases in general, words and phrases referred to activities of marine craft in particular That leads to the diversification and richness of professional words and phrases with not only general characteristics of Vietnamese language but also nuances of dialects of Thanh Hoa In terms of identification, different from the names of objects, appearance with intuitive characteristics is chosen to name the subject In addition to it, the combination of intuitive and abstract identifications is used to name operational procedures Chapter LANGUAGE-CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF WORDS AND PHRASES REFERRED TO PRODUCTS OF MARINE CRAFT IN THANH HOA 4.1 Composition of professional words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa 4.1.1 Types of words and phrases of marine craft referred to products in terms of composition 4.1.1.1 Single words: 27 units (3.23%) Single words referred to products are less than those referred to fishing tackles and activities 4.1.1.2 Compound words: 805 units (96.29%) A large number of subordinate compounds are covered with specific characteristics of marine craft in general, 20 marine craft in Thanh Hoa in particular These words and phrases are unfamiliar with people who don’t work with this craft For example: cá bò tớn (A kind of trigger fish, finless and very slippery),… (fishing craft); mắm trường (A kind of fish sauce is prepared for a long time, from months to one year),… (fish sauce production); nước chượm (Sea water is poured into the well in the drying ground after being filtered through dạt system),… (salt production) 4.1.1.3 Reduplicative words: units (0,48%): nha nha (A kind of mud crab with thin carapace, black and white body and furry legs),…(fishing craft) Thus, words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are mainly subordinate compounds, not fortuitous compounds and naming phrases Reduplicative words and single words are not many but they contribute to enrich and diversify professional words and phrases in general and words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in particular 4.1.2 Composition patterns of words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa 4.1.2.1 Composition patterns of subordinate compounds in terms of number of direct elements *Pattern 1: The first direct element (C) - the second direct element (P) including one basic element 373/805 units (46.34%) For example: bọ chải (Stomatopoda or Mantis shrimp),…(fishing craft); chượp chua (Well done salt-pickled fish with sour smell), , …(fish sauce production); muối nam (Salt is made in the tenth to eleventh lunar month), … (salt production) * Pattern 2: The first direct element (C) - the second direct element (P) including two basic elements P1, P2 347/805 units (43.11%) is formed as the following patterns: - Type 1: P1 and P2 have a subordinate relationship For example: cá be móm (A kind of Talang queenfish with toothless mouth),… (fishing craft) - Type 2: P1 and P2 have a reduplicative or coordinated relationship For example: cá be be (Other name of talang queenfish),… (fishing craft) * Type 3: The first direct element (C) - The second direct element (P) including basic elements P1, P2, P3 76/805 units (9.44%): cá bơn lá dong (A kind of flounder with its body like)… (fishing craft) *Pattern 4: The first direct element (C) - The second direct element (P) including basic elements P1, P2, P3, P4 9/805 units (1.11%): cá bơn thị kính thị màu (A kind of flounder with its bent down head)… (fishing craft) In terms of semantics, the direct element of classification including many basic elements will clearly identify the objects Among words and phrases referred to products, a large number of units are direct element of classification including or basic elements Compared with words and phrases referred to fishing tackles and operational procedures, words and phrases referred to products are more special and detailed 4.1.2.2.Composition patterns of subordinate compounds in terms of 21 independent or dependent elements Type 1: Independent element (A) + Dependent element (A) 730/805 units (90.68%) For example: cá ve (A kind of small sardine),… (fishing craft); chượp đen (Grey black ),… (fish sauce production) Type 2: Dependent element (A) + Independent element (B) or Independent element (B) + Dependent element (A) 72/805 units ( 8.94%) For example: cá ngãng ngô (A kind of pony fish with black and white body),… (fishing craft); nước khắt (Brine precipitates in the ground), nước ót (Brine precipitates after gathering crystallized salt),… (salt production) Type 3: Independent element (B) + Independent element (B) 3/805 units (0.38%): hải sâm (Sea cucumber), bào ngư (abalone), bạch tuộc (Octopus) (fishing craft) Like subordinate compounds referred to fishing tackles and compounds referred to operational procedures, type of subordinate compounds referred to products of marine craft make up the highest amount and proportion Elements of word composition are meaningful, Vietnamese native and independent 4.1.2.3 Elements forming words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of the scope of use a Elements used in national language + Elements used in dialects A+B AB: 69/805 units (8.57%) For example: cá thu ảu (A kind of tuna with round, thick and dark black body),…(fishing craft); nước chượm (Sea water is poured into the well in the drying ground after being filtered through dạt system),… (salt production) b Meaningful elements used in dialects + meaningful elements used in national language B+A BA: 2/805 units (0.25%) such as ruốc hôi (A kind of fish sauce with frowst), ruốc rươi (A kind of fish sauce is made from ragworms) (fish sauce production) c Meaningful elements used in national language + Meaningful elements used in national language A+A AA: 734/805 units (91.18%), namely: cá eo (A kind of fish with hard fin), cá ngộ (A kind of fish with deformed mouth, sharp teeth, grey back, white belly and slippery skin)…(fishing craft); muối lậu (Illegal salt (under the rule of French colony), muối xám (Grey salt, bad quality),… (salt production) d Meaningful elements used in dialects + Meaningful elements used in dialects B+B BB: 0/805 units (0%) Compared with compounds referred to tackles and operational procedures, compounds referred to products of marine crafts not consist of any units belonging to the combination (4) Elements used in national language play an important role in word combination of marine craft in general, compound referred to products in particular Elements used in dialects are less than national language but they are imbued with the peculiarities of marine craft Elements used in dialects are considered as important materials to express cultural distinctions and cognition 22 reflected from the words 4.2 Language-culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to products in terms of orgrin 4.2.1 Words and phrases referred to products are Vietnamese native words: 821/836 units (98.20%) Among Vietnamese native words and phrases referred to products, many words and phrases consist of elements imbued with local phonetic characteristics of Thanh Hoa people 4.2.2 Words and phrases referred to products are borrowings: 15/836 units (1.80%) such as: cá mỏ lết, (A kind of fish like a wrench with pink, long and thick body),… (fishing craft); muối mùa (Salt is exploited from the third to seventh lunar month),… (salt production); nước cốt (First extracted fish sauce),…(fish sauce production) Compared with words and phrases referred to tackles and operational procedures, words and phrases referred to products of marine craft are deeply covered with the local language-culture imprints This issue shows that the coastal regions in Thanh Hoa own a rich resource of seafood Identification done by Vietnamese native words expresses the local cultural characteristics and the habits of folk cognition 4.3 Language-culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to products in terms of identification 4.3.1 Language-culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of causal characteristics 4.3.1.1 Words with the specific names: 716/836 units (85.65%) For example: cá hồng lang (A kind of snapper with pink body covered with three crimson veins), cá lanh đỏ (A kind of red Chirocentridae),…(fishing craft) 4.3.1.2 Words with the unspecific names: 120/836 units (14.35%) For example: cá háo (A kind fish with its small body and short mouth), cá láo (A kind of fish with fusiform and fairly high body, grey green back, orange fins and red tail),… (fishing craft) Based on the surveys, we realize that the number and proportion of specific identification units are more than those of unspecific identification (716/86.65% compared with 120/14.35%) Unspecific units are mainly single words (Vietnamese native words) or compound words with Indo-European, ancient Chinese Specific identifications are mainly the derivative units of subordinate compounds 4.3.2 Language - culture characteristics of words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in terms of the denotation of the names Pattern 1: Product + color 182/716 units (25.42%): cá lanh gấc (A kind of crimson Chirocentridae), moi đỏ (Red tiny shrimp),… (fishing craft) Pattern 2: Product+ shape, manner 167/716 units (23.32%): cá đù bẹp (A kind of đù fish with thin body), cá bơn bẹt (A kind of flounder with its flat body),… (fishing craft) Pattern 3: Product + composition 90/716 units (12.57%): cá ba (A kind of fish with three big teeth), cá be xước(A kind of fish with back fin full of thorns),… (fishing craft) Pattern : Product+ feature 43/716 units (6.01%): cá ó đĩ (eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), cá rù rì (A kind 23 of small Terapontidae fish)… (fishing craft) Pattern 5: Product+ Characteristics of body nature 39/716 units (5.45%): tôm sắt hoa (Dog shrimp), cá mối vạch (A kind of lizardfish with brownish back, wthite belly and dottted body), (fishing craft) Pattern 6: Product + Size 34/716 units (4.75%): cá đù dom (A small đù fish ),… (fishing craft) Pattern 7: Product+ nature, state 27/716 units (3.77%): chượp chín (Well done salt-pickled fish with flavor), chượp sống (Undecomposed salt-pickled fish ),… (fish sauce production);… Pattern : Product + environment, fishing ground 27/716 units (3.77%): cá chai khơi (A kind of big Bartail Flathead with its head covered with many thorns),… (fishing craft) Pattern 9: Product+ growth period 19/716 units (2,65%): cá lưỡng chón (Small Oxudercinae),… (fishing craft) Pattern 10: Product+ method, manner 19/716 units (2.65%): mắm xá (A kind of finished fishsauce which is kept in barrels and cans ),… (fish sauce production) Pattern 11: Product + Result of activities 13/716 units (1.82%) such as bã chượp (Salt-pickled residue after get the first extract),… (fish sauce production); nước dư (Brine falls back after shoveling salt into the wheelbarrow),… (salt production) Pattern 12: Product+ crop, time 13/716 units (1.82%): moi mùa (A kind of tiny shrimp caught in the nineth and tenth lunar months),… (fishing craft); mắm xổi (A kind of fish sauce is prepared for a short time, from 15 days to one month),… (fish sauce production) Pattern 13: Product + smell 11/716 units (1.54%): ốc cay(Hot snail),…(fishing craft); ruốc hôi (A kind of fish sauce with frowst),… (fish sauce production) Pattern 14: Product + level, concentration 11/716 units (1.54%): nước mắm loại (The highest quality fish sauce),… (fish sauce production);… (salt production) Pattern 15: Product+ material 8/716 units (1.12%) For example: mắm cá (Fish sauce is made from fish), mắm chượp (A kind of fish sauce is repressed after extracting ),… (fish sauce production) Pattern 16: Product+ utility 3/716 units (0.42%): ốc vòng (A kind of snail with its shell like a bracelet), tôm (Ornate spiny shrimp ), hải sâm (Sea cucumber) (fishing craft) Pattern 17: Product + phenomenon 3/716 units ( 0.42%): cá tướp nhừ (Well done salt-pickled fish), cá trụt (smaller fish after the salt-pickled process), mắm trở (Discolored fish sauce (usually gray) (fish sauce production) Pattern 18: Product+ gender 3/716 units (0.42%): cá chuồn bà (A kind of chuồn fish with thorns ), cá chuồn ông (A kind of chuồn fish with big head and eyes), cá the cái (A kind of 24 Acheilognathus tonkinensis fish with thick body) (fishing craft) Pattern 19 : Product+ Fishing tackles 2/716 units (0,28%): cá bơn te (A kind of flounder is caught by khêu te), cá chà (A kind of pomfred, caught by chà)(fishing craft) Pattern 20 : Product+ origin 2/716 units (0.28%): muối biển (Salt is made from sea water), muối mỏ (Salt is exploited from salt mine) (salt production) The characteristics and nature of appearance of products are chosen to name products such as: color, appearance, composition, characteristic, body nature, size 4.4 Some cultural nuances of Thanh land through words and phrases referred to professional products of marine craft 4.4.1 Methods of selecting the characteristic to identify words and phrases of "fishing craft" A large number of words and phrases referred to products of marine craft, specially professional words and phrases of fishing craft or related to fishing craft in Thanh Hoa presents not only the richness of the reality of fishing craft and many kinds of fish through the identification but also cognitive thinking with specific characteristics that are clearly identifiable Many kinds of identification are commonly used in words and phrases in general, fishing craft or something related to fishing craft in particular presents wise observation and rich imagination of residents living in the coastal regions of Thanh land We can notice that the most typical methods of identification based on the following criteria: color, shape, composition… are highly professional and easy to understand 4.4.2 The names of fish or related to fishing craft presents the soul and personality of residents living in the coastal regions in Thanh land Words and phrases of fishing craft not only presents common identifications but also expresses psychology, personality, spiritual life of fishermen In the coastal regions of Thanh Hoa, cá (fish), mực (Squid), thuyền (boat), lưới (kind )… are marked in folk poetry, idioms and proverbs to symbolize the spiritual life as well as history and socio-culture 4.5 Conclusion of chapter There are 836 units of words and phrases referred to products of marine craft in Thanh Hoa In terms of composition, subordinate compounds make up the nearly absolute quantity and proportion In terms of methods of denoting the names, words and phrases of marine craft consist of 20 characteristics that are chosen to be the basics of identification The typical characteristics are: color, appearance, shape, composition The characteristics such as: crop, time, smell… are less chosen It means that the identification like this is based on intuition which is marked on the naming subject Moreover, due to the importance and familiarity of products of marine craft in the social life, the names of “fish” and relevant products of fishing craft have 25 gone into folk poetry and become special characteristics of the soul and personality of residents living in the coastal regions of Thanh land 26 CONCLUSION From the research results on professional words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa (from the perspective of language - culture), we achieved the following conclusions: Compared with terminologies, professional words are less concerned by linguistics, especially specific researches from the perspective of language-culture However, the research results presented in the dissertation show that the role and values of professional words among national language system as well the values of history and culture are reflected in professional words and phrases Through the research of professional words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa a, we noticed that, professional words are not reflected in a large scope (tackles, operations, products and materials ) but they are quite abundant Among these words and phrases, a large number of professional words and phrases are well known because they are common, familiar and national Conversely, many professional words and phrases are so difficult to understand among employees who don’t work in marine craft Therefore, professional words and phrases, dialects and national language have a close relationship; professional words and phrases also prove an inseparable relationship between social dialects and geographical dialects Professional words and phrases are related to slangs and terminologies In terms of composition, words and phrase of marine craft in Thanh Hoa include single words, compounds, fortuitous compounds and naming phrases However, these words and phrases not appear peer-to-peer in the words and phrases we study Specifically, words and phrase referred to operational procedures consist of single words, compounds and naming phrases Words and phrase referred to products include single words, compounds and reduplicative words In terms of quantity, reduplicative words, fortuitous compounds and naming phrases make up the least amount of the total words and phrases Single words and compounds belong to the above kinds of word in which compounds make up the most amounts Among compounds, subordinate compounds make up the largest number and highest proportion By contrast, coordinate compounds make up a very small amount Especially, elements of classification in subordinate compound can include one to four elements Subordinate compounds include one to four elements in the three kinds of words and phrases referred to tackles, activities and products but subordinate compounds including three or more elements mainly belong to words and phrases referred to products Subordinate compounds including three or more elements rarely appear in a few of words and phrase referred to fishing tackles and never performs in words and phrases of activities It means that, words and phrases referred to products not only make up a large amount but also identify more deeply than words and phrases referred to tackles and activities; these words and phrases present the cognition in a detailed manner In terms of composition patterns, a majority of elements forming professional words and phrases in the three kinds of words and phrases referred to tackles, activities and products are independent, meaningful and Vietnamese native They can be separated to become a word Meanwhile, professional words and phrases 27 with independent composition appear less and consist of ancient Chinese and IndoEuropean origin These units cannot be independent like a word but they can be combined to become an additional element The dissertation describes and provides the system of composition pattern of Vietnamese words and phrases of marine craft Besides, in terms of relationship and the characteristics of dialects and national language in word composition, we realize that elements used in national language are used in the three kinds of words and phrases referred to tackles, activities and products of marine craft They make up the large amount and play an important role to the composition of professional words and phrases in general, words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa in particular Thus, professional words and phrases, especially those of marine craft are familiar with people Elements in the composition of dialect make up the small amount but they are imbued with the characteristics of marine craft and local imprints Moreover, in the combination of words and phrases, elements used in dialects and those used in national language are inter transferred, the characteristics of culture with unique nuances are presented through words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa In terms of the origin of the names, units of identification of words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa are mainly Vietnamese native Borrowing words are very less Because the coastal regions in Thanh Hoa are less affected by intercultural factors among the other Viet groups Residents living in Thanh land nowadays go to the sea with their own experience and rudimentary tackles as well as outdated fishing methods In terms of the method of identification, based on the characteristics of objects, residents living in the coastal regions in Thanh land- naming subject, select the easily identifiable characteristics to name the objects Words and phrases referred to fishing tackles include 14 patterns of identification as 14 types of characteristics The chosen signs are mainly methods and manner of operation, appearance, shape, usage, function, composition and objects Words and phrases referred to, operational procedures contain patterns of identification The selected signs are the manner of activities, objects, places, position of activities, tackles and status of activities Words and phrases referred to products consist of the largest number of identification patterns, 20 patterns in all The typical selected characteristics are color, appearance, shape, composition, nature, physical features and size These signs of identification express the habits of cognitive thingking and human’s behavior to the marine craft Marine craft is a traditional craft with a long history in Thanh land The marine imprints expressed in folk poetry have gone into the mind of Thanh Hoa people Specially, knowledge and experience of marine craft are considered to be the valuable assets for further study The author of the dissertation hopes to study this issue in the future However, the research results are considered as materials of professional words and phrases, cultural thinking of marine craft in Thanh Hoa The dissertation contributes to compile dictionaries of professional words and phrases in general and dictionaries of marine craft in particular We also expect to continue the research in the interdisciplinary direction 28 LISTS OF RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE DISSERTTION Nguyen Van Dung (2014), “Imprints of thinking culture of fishermen in Thanh Hoa though the names of fish”, Language & Life, No 7, page 14-17 Nguyen Van Dung (2015), “Language - culture characteristic of identification: From the surveys on words and phrases referred to tackles and tools of marine craft in Thanh Hoa ”, Language & Life, No 6, page.58-63 Nguyen Van Dung (2015), “Characteristics of composition of professional words and phrases of marine craft in Thanh Hoa (from the surveys on words and phrases referred to operational procedures”, Social Sciences of the Central, No 3, page.74-78 Nguyen Van Dung (2015), “Marine cultural nuances of Thanh land expressed in traditional fishing grounds of residents living in the coastal regions of Thanh land (from the language-culture perspective)”, Vietnam study with traditional cultural aspects, Proceedings, page 738-743 Social Science Publisher, H, 2015 Nguyen Van Dung (2016), “Some cultural characteristics of Thanh land through the surveys of words and phrases referred to operational procedures of marine craft in Thanh Hoa ”, Scientific workshop Solutions to promote the traditional values of Thanh Hoa people to meet the requirements of industrialization, modernization and international integration, Hong Duc University, page 2412-249 Nguyen Van Dung (coordinated with Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Trong Canh): Research on words and culture of marine craft in the coastal regions of Thanh Hoa - Nghe Tinh, Nafosted, Code: VII2.2-2011.01; Accepted in 2015 29 The study has been completed at VINH UNIVERSITY Scientific supervisors: Prof Dr Le Quang Thiem Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Trong Canh External Examiner 1: External Examiner 2: External Examiner 3: The dissertation will be defended before the University-level Examining Committee VINH UNIVERSITY At 2016 (hhddmmyyyy) The dissertation could be looked up at: