VI$N KHOA HQC XA HOl VI$T NAM VIEN PHAT TRIEN BEN VU'NG VUNG TRUNG BO it'k 'k 'k & 'k je 'k 'k 'k je ik BAO CAO TOM TAT VAI TRO VA TAC DONG CUA CONG DONG DAN TOC E DE • • • TRONG DCtl SONG CHINH TRIHIEN NAY TINH DAK LAK • • DE TAINGHIEN CU'U KHOA HOC CAP B NHtfNG NGL OI rUlJC HIEN: TS HA DINH THANH (Chu nhiem de tai) Ths NGUYEN THU HUC3NG (Thu ky db tai) PGS.TS NGUYEN NGOC KHANH Ths HOANG THI HUONG LOAN Ths NGUYEN VAN THANG HA NOI - 2010 MC> BAU La mot dan toe tai cho cu tru lau ddi d DSk Lak, dan toe E Be trudc day thudng song tap trung theo nhom dia phuang nhat dinh Chang han, ngudi E Be Kpa (nhom dja phuang dong ngudi nhit) thirdng sdng tap trung d Buon Ma Thuot va a cac vung tiep giap voi Buon Ma Thuot nhu Cu M ’Gar, Krong Buk Nhom ngu'ai Adham (nhom dja phuang dong thu hai) lai cu tru d Krong Buk va mot ph&n tai Krong HnSng, Ea H ’leo (cac huyen trudc day thuoc vung Buon H6) Tir sau nam 1975, sir phan cong lai lao dong tren toan quoc, dan toe Kinh va cac dan toe Tay, Thai, Hmong d cac tinh khac den cac vung kinh te moi cua Dak LSk da lam cho sir phan bo cac nhom dia phuang E Be co phan nao bi xao tron Nhieu nhom dja phuang E Be da s6ng xen kg vai dan toe Kinh Bdng thdi, dia vuc cu tru rieng biet trudc day cua ttrng nhom dia phuang E Be cung bi chia cat, dan den cac quan he giao luu, ti6p xuc, anh hucmg lan giCra cac nhom dia phuang E Be cung nhu vai cac dan toe khac dia ban cu' tru Chang han nhu giua dan toe E Be va dan toe Gia Rai co nhi6u diem tuang d6ng phuang thuc san xuat, canh tac, to chuc xa hoi va hon nhan Tham chi, giiJa hai toe nguai co nhung dong ho ma theo tap tuc truyen thong, trai gai hai ben khong duoc phep k6t hon, n6u vi ph^m se bi coi la m ic toi loan luan Bi6u co the cho thay mot ph^n nao sir g§n gui giua hai toe nguoi v'e mat huyet thfing Nhieu phong tuc tap quan, nhi6u trucmg ca th iy a dan toe E Be thi cung thay a ngudi Gia Rai va ngugc lai Dan toe E Be va Gia Rai cung de dang hi6u dugc ngon ngu' cua Vai dan toe Mnong cung vay, rat nhieu y6u to van hoa E Be da xam nhap vao dan toe Mnong kha sau sac va ngugc lai Nhtrng nhom ngudi Mnong song vung dan toe E Be cung de dang hoa nhap Co rat nhieu truyen thuyet, tap tuc, thoi quen kieng ky chung cho ca hai toe ngudi Bieu cQng dugc thay d mot s6 dan toe khac d tinh Bak LSk nhu cac dan toe K a Ho, Chil, Ma, Stieng cung d6u co m6i quan he chat che vdi dan toe Mnong Trong b6i canh do, Tay Nguyen cung nhu Bak Lak lai ia nai co phan dan cu da dang, co mau thuan giua luat phap va luat tuc (tap quan phap) xet xu, xu ly cac vi pham, trien khai cac chlnh sach kinh t6- van hoa - xa hoi, co mau thuan giua luat dat dai va luat tuc ve d it dai, co mau thuan giiJa cac dan toe tai cho va cac dan toe mdi den va gan day nhiSu ton giao, nhdt la dao Tin lanh dang phat tri€n manh mg, he thdng to chuc va hoat dong cua buon lang hien to kem hieu luc, nen khong nam duoc dan Bay la nguyen nhan dan dSn tinh trang can bo xa dan, dong bao Tay Nguy6n noi chung va cong ddng dan toe E Be noi rieng bj ke xau kich dong, xui giuc, mot s6 ngudi phan Ion la nien, phu nu' da tham gia hai cuoc bao loan n3m 2001 va nam 2004 Do vay, doi hoi phai co cac cuoc di6u tra va nghien cuu chuyen sau, toan dien ve vai tro va tac dong cua cac nhom xa hoi d cong dong dan toe E De ddi s6ng chfnh trj hien d Dak Lak noi rieng va d Tay Nguyen noi chung Viec lam la can thiet, co y nghla khoa hoc va thuc tien sau sac Bo la nhOng ly dd Vien Phat trien bSn vung vung Trung Bo d6 x u lt dS tai nghien cuu: Vai trd va t^c dong cua cong dong dan toe E De dcri song chfnh trj hien & tinh D5k LSk 2 Muc tieu cua de tstt 2.1 M uc tieu tdng q u it Qua di§u tra, nghien cilu vai tro va tac dong cua cong dong dan toe E De dai song chfnh trj hien a tinh Dak Lak, dS xukt cac kien nghj, giai phap, nhSm gop phan on dinh tinh hinh chinh trj, nhanh chong xay dung Dak Lak tra mot tinh co n6n kinh tS - xa hoi - vSn hoa phat trien b6n vung tren vung dat Tay Nguyen giau dep 2.2 M uc tieu cu the - Thong qua viec dieu tra, nghien cuu anh huong cua tung nhom xa hoi o nguoi E De, d6 xac dinh dugc vai tro va tac dong cua cong dong dan toe E De den tinh hinh chinh tri hien a tinh D ik LSk - Tap trung vao viec nhan dien, nhung yeu to nao thuoc ve trinh giac ngo, ve cac d5c diem mang tinh toe nguoi cua cong d6ng dan toe E De; nhftng yeu t6 nao thuoc ve chu truong chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nude; nhung y6u t6 nao thuoc ve am muu chong pha cua bon phan dong va ngoai nuoc - Ket luan, khuyln nghj va d6 xuat mot s6 giai phap tuang d6i cu the, sat thuc te va co tinh kha thi nh&m gop phan 6n djnh va phat triSn ben vung kinh te - xa hoi vung nguoi E De a tinh Dak LSk noi rieng va Tay Nguyen noi chung Tinh hinh nghien ciru lien quan den de tai Qua cac cong trinh nghien curu va ngoai nuoc, chung toi nhan thdy co mot so cong trinh doi tugng va pham vi nghien cuu rong, bao gom nhieu lTnh vuc, nen khong co di6u ki6n tim hilu sau v6 vai tro va tac dong cua cong d6ng dan toe E De dai song chinh tri a Tay Nguyen noi chung va o' DSk LSk noi rieng, hoac co mot so cong trinh nghien cuu chi di sau khao cu'u, trinh bay & mot vai chieu canh v8 mot s6 dan toe cu the d Tay Nguyen nhu Gia Rai, E De, Mnong Du cac nghien cuu noi tren da cung dip nhung tu lieu giup cho viec nhan dien ve mat kinh t6, van hoa, xa hoi cua dan toe E De noi rieng va cac dan toe tai cho Tay Nguyen noi chung Cho den chua co cong trinh nao nghien cuu toan dien va he th6ng \h vai tro chinh tri cua nguoi E De a Dak Lak Phtrtmg ph£p nghien cu’u D6 thuc hien muc tieu dat ra, nghien cuu doi hoi co sir tiep can ca phuong phap dinh 1uong lan dinh tinh, do, ho gia dinh va cong d6ng dan toe E De a Dak Lak duoc coi la d6i tugng nghien cuxi chu y6u, cu th6: 4.1 Phitang phap xie ly thong tin 4.2 Phieffng phap thong he 4.3 Phieffng phap xa hoi hoc 4.4 Phuffng phap diin da thuc dia 4.5 Phuong phap chuyen gia 4.6 Phuffng phap tiip can h i thdng, phan tich, so sdnh ddi chiiu Trong cac phuong phap noi tren, phuang phap dien da thuc dia thu thap tai lieu a mot s6 buon lang va ho gia dinh E De a D3k Lak la quan nhdt va co y nghTa then chot Nguon tai lifu Be tai dua vao nhiSu ngudn tai lieu khac nhau, bao gdm tai lieu thu c§p (du an, d6 tai, sach va so lieu th6ng ke cac cap), tai lieu phieu dieu tra c&p xa, ho gia dinh tai xa, buon da kM o sat, nghien cuu Cau true cua de tai Chu-ffng 1: Tong quan ve tinh Dak Lak va dan toe E De Chieang 2: Vai tro va tac dong cua dan toe E De ddi song chinh trj hien fr tinh D3k Lak Chirffng 3: Cac y^u to tac d6ng d£n cong d6ng dan toe E De ddi song chinh trj hien a tinh Dak Lak Chiro'ng TONG QUAN VE TINH DAK l Ak VA d An TQC E DE I K H Al QUAT VE LICH SU' TAY NGUYEN (GAN VO'I DE T A l NAY) 1.1 Hai “T ilu vmmg quoc” co dai: Tieu vuetng quoc M a , Tieu vircfng quoc Hoa Xa, Thuy X a (cac Sa Ddt) 1.2 Cdc t6 chu*c, cac phong tr^o tvr thdi Phap den 1.2.1 Vuo'ng quoc X o Bang 1.2.2 “X it Tay Ky tie tri cua cac dan toe thieu so nam Dong Duffng” PMSI (Pays Montagnards du Sud Indocliinois) 1.2.3 Hoang triiu cwffng tho 1.2.4 Phong trao BAJARAKA 1.2.5 Phong trao dan toe tu tri Tay Nguyin Tir co phong trao ddi quyen tu tri d Tay Nguyen cua cac thu lTnh BAJARAKA, cung nhu de cung c6 khoi doan k6t c&c dan toe Mat tran dan toe giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam, Bang da co chu truong tien hanh dai hoi cac dan toe thieu so Tay Nguyen tren tinh than “Thuc hien quySn tir tri cua cac dan toe thi&u so”, “Bao dam quy6n binh dSng giua cac dan toe” Thang 5/1961, tai Kon Ha Nirng (Gia Lai) da dien dai hoi cac dan toe thieu so Tay Nguyen, tir do, phong trao dan toe tir trj Tay Nguyen chinh thirc ddi Ong Y Bih Aleo (ngudi E Be, sinh nim 1901), mot nhan sT co uy tin d Tay Nguydn lam Chu tjch A Mi Doan (H’Klo) - hoi trudng Hoi Phu n& D3k Lawsk, lam chu tich Phong trao d5 de chuong trinh hanh dong va ldi keu goi cac dan toe thidu s6 doan ket cung dan toe Kinh chong d l qu6c My va be lu tay sai Ngo Binh Diem, gianh doc lap, tu' cho dat nude 1.2.6 Phong trao FULRO Thang 11/1963, Chinh quyln Ngo Dinh Diem bi lat