ENGLISH EXERCISES THE PASSIVE VOICE I DEFINITION(Định nghĩa) Active sentences (Câu chủ động) : Câu chủ động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật thực hành động Ex : They built the house in this village in 1486 Passive sentences (Câu bị động) : Câu bị động câu chủ ngữ người hay vật nhận chịu tác động hành động Ex : The house was built in this village in 1486 PASSIVE TRANSFORMATION (Cách đổi sang câu bị động) Muốn chuyển câu từ thể chủ động sang thể bị động, ta thực bước sau Active : S VA O II Passive : S VP by + Object Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động (active) làm chủ ngữ câu bị động (passive) Đổi động từ chủ động (VA) thành động từ bị động (VP) VP = be + past participle (p.p) TENSES Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Future Simple Future Continuous ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE S +V(s / es) People speak English here S + am / is / are + p.p English is spoken here S + am / is / are + V-ing They are painting the house S + am / is / are + being + p.p The house is being painted S + have / has + p.p He hasn’t worn jackets for ages S + have / has + been + p.p Jackets haven’t been worn for ages S + V2 / Ved My mother wrote this letter S + was / were + p.p This letter was written by my mother S + was / were + V-ing She was doing the homework at that time yesterday S + was / were + being + p.p Her homework was being done at that time yesterday S + had + p.p They had destroyed all the documents when they arrived S + had been + p.p All the documents had been destroyed when they arrived S + will / shall + V(b.f) I will tell you when the time comes S + will / shall + be + p.p You will be told when the time comes S + will / shall + be + V-ing We will be holding tasks at this time next year S + will / shall + be + being + p.p Talks will be being held at this time next year Future Perfect S + will / shall + have + p.p S + will / shall + have been + p.p You will have finished this report This report will have been finished by before Tuesday Tuesday Chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành tân ngữ câu bị động đứng trước giới từ by Ex : The President presented the medals  The medals was presented by the President • Chủ ngữ I, you, we, they, he, she , it, one, someone, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one thường bỏ bị động Ex : Somebody left this purse in a classroom  This purse was left in a classroom Compiled by : Vu Phuong Nam ENGLISH EXERCISES THE PASSIVE VOICE • Nếu câu chủ động có chủ ngữ nobody hay no one động từ câu bị động chia dạng phủ định Ex : Nobody saw him leaving the room  He wasn’t seen leaving the room  Vị trí trạng từ câu bị động : - Trạng từ cách thức (Adverb of manner) thường đứng be past participle Các trạng từ khác thường đứng sau trợ động từ Ex : This problem has been carefully studied by the scientists She had never been promoted if she wouldn’t have changed her job - Trạng từ cụm từ thời gian đứng sau by + object Ex : The report was typed by the secretary this morning - Trạng từ cụm từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + object Ex : He was found in the forest by the police SPECIAL CASES : (Các trường hợp đặc biệt) Questions : (Câu hỏi) E.g : Should we help Jane with the sewing ?  Should Jane be helped with the sewing ? What time can the boy hand in their papers ?  What time can the boys’ papers be handed in ? Who taught you to speak English ?  Who were you taught to speak English By whom were you taught to speak English ? Verb with two objects : (Động từ với hai tân ngữ) - Khi động từ chủ động có tân ngữ người (indirect object – I.O) vật (direct object – D.O) tân ngữ làm chủ ngữ câu bị động (a) V + indirect object (I.O) + direct object (D.O) E.g : He gave (I.O) the police (D.O) information (b) V + direct object (D.O) + preposition + indirect object (I.O) E.g : He gave the (D.O) information to (I.O) the police - Lúc này, dạng bị động thành lập cách • Tân ngữ gián tiếp trở thành chủ ngữ câu bị động E.g : The police were given information • Tân ngữ trực tiếp trở thành chủ từ câu bị động E.g : The information were given to the police - Thông thường tân ngữ gián tiếp thường chọn làm chủ từ câu bị động tân ngữ trực tiếp E.g : The council have awarded Andrew the grand prize for his essay  Andrew has been awarded the grand prize for his essay by the council (more common) The grand prize has been awarded to Andrew for his essay by the council (less common) - Một số động từ thường dùng với dạng : award, give, sell, send, show, lend, pay, promise, write, teach,… III Verb of perception : (Động từ Active : Subject + verb + bare infinitive / V-ing Passive : Subject + be + V3 / Ved + to – infinitive / V-ing - giác quan) Các động từ giác quan thường dùng cấu trúc : feel, see, watch, hear,… E.g : We saw them go out of the house  They were seen to go out of the house I heard him run upstairs  He was heard to run upstairs - Dạng bị động dùng với động từ help make (đi với bare-infinitive) E.g : They made him tell the truth  He was told to tell the truth You should help the old carry their heavy bags  The old should be helped to carry the heavy bags Compiled by : Vu Phuong Nam ENGLISH EXERCISES THE PASSIVE VOICE Let dùng TO Tuy nhiên let dùng dạng bị động, allow dùng dạng bị động để thay E.g : They let is go  We were let go (We were allowed to go) - To-infinitive & infinitive passive : (Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO không TO) Các động từ mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, cho phép, lời khuyên, lời mời,… dùng theo cấu trúc sau : ask, tell, request, advice, order, allow, invite E.g : He asked me to send a stamp  I was asked to send a stamp They advised us to go early  We were advised to go early S + be + V3 / Ved + to-infinitive Reporting verb with THAT clause : (Động từ tường thuật với mệnh dề THAT) - Mệnh đề that dùng làm tân ngữ cho động từ : allege, announce, hope, believe, claim, consider, expect, know, report, rumor, say, think,… - Chỉ dùng perfect infinitive trường hợp sau MAIN CLAUSE THAT CLAUSE Present Simple Past Simple Present Simple Present Perfect Past Simple Past Perfect E.g : We know that he is an honest man They say that the castle was built in the 19th century  It is known that he is an honest man  It is said that the castle was built in th the 19 century He is known to be an honest man The castle is said to have been built th in the 19 century Active : S1 + V1 + (that) S2 + V2 Passive : * It + be + (that) V3 / Ved + S2 + V2 * S2 + be + V3 / Ved + to + bare-infinitive have + V3 / Ved Imperative form : (Mệnh lệnh cách) E.g : Turn off all the lights before leaving the workshop  Let the lights be turned off before you leave the workshop All the lights must be turned off before you leave the workshop Note : Trong trường hợp câu mệnh lệnh có vế cần phải xem xét kĩ chủ ngữ vế, đối sang câu bị động phải đổi kèm với chủ từ vế sau để tránh lỗi phân từ (dangling participial phrases) Causative form : (Thể sai khiến) Active : Subject + have sb sth / get sb to sth Passive : Subject + have / get + sth done by sb Thể sai khiến dùng để nói nhờ xếp cho làm việc cho E.g : I will get a mechanic to repair my - car  I will get my car repaired by a mechanic The manager had his secretary type the document  The manager had his document typed by the secretary Note : Người ta thường sử dụng cấu trúc bị động thể nhờ vả thể chủ động - Ngoài ra, cấu trúc have / get sth done dùng để nói điều không tốt đẹp xảy cho người hay vật E.g : The shops had its beautiful windows broken in a strong storm Compiled by : Vu Phuong Nam ENGLISH EXERCISES THE PASSIVE VOICE Mr Mai has just had her wallet stolen on the bus Compiled by : Vu Phuong Nam