1 electron electron electron n có n s p d 10 f 14 Obitan (AO) 21 Nguyên lí Pau–li: VD: Sai – – – VD: C (Z = 6) 1s2 2s2 2p2 N (Z = 7): 1s2 2s2 2p3 Chú ý (A (C (B (D (A không (B (C (D (A) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s … (C) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d … Chú ý 2n2 (B) 1s 2s 2p 3s 4s 3p 3d … (D) 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d … (A) (B) (C) 10 (D) 14 (A) s (B) p (C) d (D) f (A) (B) 18 (C) (D) (A) 2p (B) 3f (C) 4d không (D) 5s (A) 2d (B) 3d (C) 1p (D) 2f 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p … o electron i n tr c 3d s 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p VD1: Z = 6: 1s22s22p2 Z = 20: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Z = 22: 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 VD2: 2Z N 82 Z 26 2Z N 22 N 30 X Fe 22s22p63s23p63d64s2 VD3: – – 1s 2s 1s22s2; 1s22s22p1; 1s22s22p2; 1s22s22p3; 1s22s22p4; 1s22s22p5; 1s22s22p6 Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 44s2 94s2 (bán bão hòa) d10 (bão hòa) 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 VD: Fe (Z = 26): 64s2 phi kim 1, 2, electron 5, 6, electron electron phi kim electron (A) 1s22s22p63s23p3 (B) 1s22s22p63s23p1 (C) 1s22s22p63s13p2 (D) 1s22s22p63s23p2 A (A) 1s22s22p63s23p5 (B) 1s22s22p63s23p3 (C) 1s22s22p63s23p4 (D) 1s22s22p63s23p2 B (A) [Ar]3d94s2 (B) [Ar]3d84s2 (C) [Ar]3d104s2 (D) [Ar]3d104s1 C (A) [Ar]3d44s2 (B) [Ar]3d54s2 (C) [Ar]3d54s1 (D) [Ar]3d7 D (A) [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d74s2 (B) [Ar]3d44s2 [Ar]3d74s2 (C) [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d9 (D) [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d74s2 E (A) 1s22s22p1 (B) 1s22s22p63s2 (C) 1s22s22p63s1 (C) 1s22s22p63s2 F (A) 1s22s22p63s23p5 (B) 1s22s22p63s23p1 (C) 1s22s22p63s23p2 (D) 1s22s22p63s2 G (A) (B) (C) (D) (B) (C) (D) H (A) I (A) (B) (C) (D) 10 J (A) 1s22s22p5 (B) 1s22s22p6 (C) 1s22s22p63s2 (D) 1s22s22p63s23p3 K (A) 1s22s22p63s2 (B) 1s22s22p63s1 (C) 1s22s22p63s23p1 (D) 1s22s22p5 L (A (C (B (D M 4p5 (A) 80 (B) 81 (C) 82 (D) 96 VD4: +, Cl–, Ca2+ Cl (Z = 17), Ca (Z = 20) – Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1 Na+: 1s22s22p6 – Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5 Cl–: 1s22s22p63s23p6 – Ca (Z = 20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 Ca2+: 1s22s22p63s23p6 VD5: Fe (Z = 26) 2+, – Cu (Z = 29): 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 Fe2+ Cu2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 – Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 + + (A) 10 (B) 11 +: 1s22s22p6 (C) 22 (D) 23 22s22p63s1 N 2+ Cr3+ (A) [Ar]3d9 [Ar]3d14s2 (B) [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d3 (C) [Ar]3d9 [Ar]3d3 (D) [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d14s2 O Chú ý O (Z=8), F (Z=9), Ne (Z=10), Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13), S (Z=16), Cl (Z = 17), Ar (Z = 18), K (Z = 19), Ca (Z=20) 22s22p6? (A) Mg2+, Na+, F– (B) Ca2+, K+, Cl– (C) Ca2+, K+, F– (D) Mg2+, K+, Cl– P +, 22s22p6 Y– là: (A) Na+, Cl– (B) Li+, F–, Ne (C) Na+, F– (D) K+, Cl–, Ar Q Cation R+ Y– 23p6 (A) [Ne]3s23p5 [Ar]4s1 (B) [Ne]4s1 [Ne]3s23p5 (C) [Ar]4s1 [Ne]3s23p5 (D) [Ar]3s23p5 [Ne]4s1 R Ion R3+ (A) [Ar]3d54s24p1 (B) [Ar]3d9 (C) [Ar]3d64s2 (D) [Ar]3d8 S 3+ (A) [Ar]3d54s1 (B) [Ar]3d64s2 (C) [Ar]3d64s1 (D) [Ar]3d34s2 – 1AO; p – 3AO, d – 5AO, f – 7AO VD7: Cl (Z = 17) Fe (Z = 26) – Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 – Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 VD8: – C (Z = 6): 1s22s22p2 C có 1s2 2s2 2p2 – P (Z = 15): 1s22s22p63s23p3 P có 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 T (A) (B) (C) (D) U (A) (B) (C) (D) V (A) (B) (C) (D) W Ca (Z = 20) (A) (C) (B) (D) X (A) He C (C) Mg S (B) O Ca (D) O S Y (A) Fe (B) Al (C) P (D) Cr (B) (C) (D) Z (A) Câu C Câu D D Câu P C B E C Q C C F B R C C G C S B B H C T A B I C U D B J C V A B K D W C B L B X D A A M A Y D B D N C Z D C B O A 10