CH 13 The Spread of Chinese Civilization Japan, Korea and Vietnam “sinicization” In general contexts, Sinicization refers to the process of "becoming Chinese" Borrowing from the neighbors Japan has always looked to China as an influence During 7th to 9th centuries this was intense Taika reforms tried to make Japanese government more like China Intellectuals and aristocrats absorbed Chinese culture The common people looked to Buddhism for comfort The Taika reforms were resisted by the aristocracy After a takeover attempt the Taika reforms were abandoned, local lords started their own armies The Heian Era- Court Life A new capital was started at Kyoto There were strict rules for life Poetry flourished, Chinese script was modified Women were very involved in court life Lady Murasaki The Tale of Genji This was the first novel published anywhere, it is a story of love and intrigue in the Imperial court The Decline of Imperial Power Aristocratic families began to take more and more control Fujiwara family came to dominate Peasants and artisans lost even more power The Warrior Elite Warrior leaders (BUSHI) governed and taxed their lands for themselves, not the court They created their own armiesSAMURAI “one who serves” Comparing Japanese and European Feudalism Both rose due to weak central governments Both were based on mutual obligations and military needs There were differences- In Japan family and social bonds were very strong Losing in battle was the worst disgrace Military divisions/ Social Change 15th and 16th century Warfare became deadlier and constant Daimyos gained more power, the economy grew A new class of wealthy merchants emerged Women lost almost all power with rare exceptions KOREA Korea The Tang ruled Korea till 668,remained independent till early 20th century During Silla alliance period China had its greatest influence Art, learning and manufacture were borrowed Some Koreans studies for Confucian exams, but most jobs were determined by family connections Most of Korean society was dominated by a small aristocratic elite All groups below them served them- ‘low born’ virtual slaves Periodic revolts The burdens on the commoners caused periodic revolts A century of conflict till YI dynasty established in 1392 Maintained ties with China It lasted till 1910 SOUTHEAST ASIA VIETNAM Southeast Asia Vietnam China pushed south into their territory Viet people resisted the Chinese, they had a strong culture and were far from the Chinese center They took what they wanted from Chinese culture The Han dynasty demanded tribute, later they conquered and ruled directly Viets were sent to school in China There were some revolts, peasants never wanted Chinese control Trung sisters led a revolt in 39 C.E "All the male heroes bowed their heads in submission;
Only the two sisters proudly stood up to avenge the country."15th century Poem The great distance from China helped By 939 Korea was independent Local scholar gentry never had the same power as in China Locals Viet officials favored the peasants and village rulers instead of the ruling dynasty Struggle for Control Two main powers Trihn- centered in Hanoi Nguyen- centered in Hue Fought for 200 years Summary Japan, Korea and Vietnam were influenced most because they had large farming centers Writing, bureaucracy, religion, art were all influenced China Each culture was mixed in how much they borrowed Korea- political submission and cultural dependence Vietnam- conquest and control for a 1000 years Japan escaped direct rule, but Japan adopted many aspects of Chinese arts and government, then modified them [...]... China It lasted till 1910 SOUTHEAST ASIA VIETNAM Southeast Asia Vietnam China pushed south into their territory Viet people resisted the Chinese, they had a strong culture and were far from the Chinese center They took what they wanted from Chinese culture The Han dynasty demanded tribute, later they conquered and ruled directly Viets were sent to school in China There were some revolts, peasants... sisters led a revolt in 39 C.E "All the male heroes bowed their heads in submission;
Only the two sisters proudly stood up to avenge the country."15th century Poem The great distance from China helped By 939 Korea was independent Local scholar gentry never had the same power as in China Locals Viet officials favored the peasants and village rulers instead of the ruling dynasty Struggle for Control... were widespread The warrior code valued honor and courage above all Seppuku (ritual suicide) was considered the way to maintain honor in defeat Peasants lost even more power They became serfs They could not move up in class Many looked to pure land Buddhism for comfort Declining influence of China By 838 the Japanese cut ties with Tang China The Gempei wars caused great suffering The Minamoto... family and social bonds were very strong Losing in battle was the worst disgrace Military divisions/ Social Change 15th and 16th century Warfare became deadlier and constant Daimyos gained more power, the economy grew A new class of wealthy merchants emerged Women lost almost all power with rare exceptions KOREA Korea The Tang ruled Korea till 668,remained independent till early 20th century During... greatest influence Art, learning and manufacture were borrowed Some Koreans studies for Confucian exams, but most jobs were determined by family connections Most of Korean society was dominated by a small aristocratic elite All groups below them served them- ‘low born’ virtual slaves Periodic revolts The burdens on the commoners caused periodic revolts A century of conflict till YI dynasty established... After the Minamoto the Hojo family came to power (Shogun) The emperor and Minamoto became puppet rulers Civil wars followed for 10 years Japan broke into 300 competing states run by warlords (Daimyos) TOMOE GOZEN Comparing Japanese and European Feudalism Both rose due to weak central governments Both were based on mutual obligations and military needs There were differences- In Japan family and. .. for Control Two main powers Trihn- centered in Hanoi Nguyen- centered in Hue Fought for 200 years Summary Japan, Korea and Vietnam were influenced most because they had large farming centers Writing, bureaucracy, religion, art were all influenced China Each culture was mixed in how much they borrowed