3 Vocabulary Grammar Containers and quantities much, many and lots of/a lot of ? Choose words from the boxes to describe objects 1–13 in the photos a can of fizzy drink bottle carton tin packet bar Unit aims ■ kilo can box tub roll tube jar bag chocolate toothpaste margarine fizzy drink cheese tuna water jam crisps apples juice toilet paper washing powder ■ ■ Containers and quantities The environment ■ ■ ■ 11 Everyday listening & speaking …gets … Christmas presents and makes … friends (1,700/628) 13 12 …eats … bars of chocolate and … tins of baked beans, if the person is British That’s a lot of chocolate and beans! (854/10,354) …uses … tubes of toothpaste and … rolls of toilet paper (276/4,239) …drinks … cups of tea or coffee and … bottles of wine Not very healthy! (1,694/74,802) (not) much, (not) many, and lots of/a lot of He’s very generous He… This area is dangerous There… I’m bored of this town There… She isn’t very sociable, so she… That country is very hot There… My parents always recycle… Complete the questions with much or many In which questions can you use lots of/a lot of? Do you give people … presents? How … chocolate you eat? How … cans of cola you buy every week? Do you drink … coffee? How … TVs are there in your home? How … kilometres you travel a week? Do you use … electricity? Are there … mirrors in your house? How to talk about quantity 1.33 Listen and study the key phrases Then ask and answer the questions in Ex.7 Think of more questions Countable a lot/lots not many a few one or two none In pairs Think of different contents for the containers in Ex.1 Write a–f in figures Then choose the correct a c e f nought b one point three a hundred and one d two million fourteen thousand, five hundred and forty a hundred and twenty-five thousand 1.32 In pairs Compare your answers to the quiz Then listen and check Uncountable a lot/lots not much a bit none A Do you give people many presents? B Yes, a few./No, not many How about you? alternative for each answer in The Consumer Quiz Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe pp.106–107 22 Complete the sentences with your ideas, using Key phrases a can of beer Literature Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 …uses … litres of petrol in … different cars (8/120,000) Culture & CLIL Sustainable development p.97 + VIDEO much + 1… nouns many + 2… nouns a lot of/lots of + uncountable or 3… nouns In Europe, an average person in an average lifetime… …walks more than … kilometres and drives more than … kilometres (720,000/24,000) 10 plus Discussing how to be green p.88 Rules …consumes … cows, … sheep and … chickens (1,201/21/4.5) much, many and lots of/a lot of Defining relative clauses Comparative and superlative adjectives Talk about quantity Make comparisons Compare ideas for a present Write an email to a newspaper How much chocolate you eat? How many kilometres you drive? They found out the answers to lots of questions …uses … bottles of shampoo and … bars of soap (656/198) Communication ■ How much chocolate you eat in your life? How many kilometres you drive? A team in the UK found out the answers to lots of questions like this Guess the answers Grammar ■ countable or uncountable …owns … TV sets and … DVD players (4.8/9.8) Vocabulary ■ Study the examples and complete the rules with Start thinking What your parents usually buy at the supermarket? What you with the boxes, bags and packets? Disposable world Fast finishers Imagine your parents leave you on your own for the weekend Write a shopping list for all the food and drink you need Workbook pp.20–23 23 Vocabulary Grammar Containers and quantities much, many and lots of/a lot of ? Choose words from the boxes to describe objects 1–13 in the photos a can of fizzy drink bottle carton tin packet bar Unit aims ■ kilo can box tub roll tube jar bag chocolate toothpaste margarine fizzy drink cheese tuna water jam crisps apples juice toilet paper washing powder ■ ■ Containers and quantities The environment ■ ■ ■ 11 Everyday listening & speaking …gets … Christmas presents and makes … friends (1,700/628) 13 12 …eats … bars of chocolate and … tins of baked beans, if the person is British That’s a lot of chocolate and beans! (854/10,354) …uses … tubes of toothpaste and … rolls of toilet paper (276/4,239) …drinks … cups of tea or coffee and … bottles of wine Not very healthy! (1,694/74,802) (not) much, (not) many, and lots of/a lot of He’s very generous He… This area is dangerous There… I’m bored of this town There… She isn’t very sociable, so she… That country is very hot There… My parents always recycle… Complete the questions with much or many In which questions can you use lots of/a lot of? Do you give people … presents? How … chocolate you eat? How … cans of cola you buy every week? Do you drink … coffee? How … TVs are there in your home? How … kilometres you travel a week? Do you use … electricity? Are there … mirrors in your house? How to talk about quantity 1.33 Listen and study the key phrases Then ask and answer the questions in Ex.7 Think of more questions Countable a lot/lots not many a few one or two none In pairs Think of different contents for the containers in Ex.1 Write a–f in figures Then choose the correct a c e f nought b one point three a hundred and one d two million fourteen thousand, five hundred and forty a hundred and twenty-five thousand 1.32 In pairs Compare your answers to the quiz Then listen and check Uncountable a lot/lots not much a bit none A Do you give people many presents? B Yes, a few./No, not many How about you? alternative for each answer in The Consumer Quiz Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe pp.106–107 22 Complete the sentences with your ideas, using Key phrases a can of beer Literature Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 …uses … litres of petrol in … different cars (8/120,000) Culture & CLIL Sustainable development p.97 + VIDEO much + 1… nouns many + 2… nouns a lot of/lots of + uncountable or 3… nouns In Europe, an average person in an average lifetime… …walks more than … kilometres and drives more than … kilometres (720,000/24,000) 10 plus Discussing how to be green p.88 Rules …consumes … cows, … sheep and … chickens (1,201/21/4.5) much, many and lots of/a lot of Defining relative clauses Comparative and superlative adjectives Talk about quantity Make comparisons Compare ideas for a present Write an email to a newspaper How much chocolate you eat? How many kilometres you drive? They found out the answers to lots of questions …uses … bottles of shampoo and … bars of soap (656/198) Communication ■ How much chocolate you eat in your life? How many kilometres you drive? A team in the UK found out the answers to lots of questions like this Guess the answers Grammar ■ countable or uncountable …owns … TV sets and … DVD players (4.8/9.8) Vocabulary ■ Study the examples and complete the rules with Start thinking What your parents usually buy at the supermarket? What you with the boxes, bags and packets? Disposable world Fast finishers Imagine your parents leave you on your own for the weekend Write a shopping list for all the food and drink you need Workbook pp.20–23 23 3Reading ? Read the text again and write questions for answers 1–8 Start thinking How humans make an impact on the environment? How can we reduce that impact? Study strategy prediction Look at the photos and the title of the text Then guess if sentences 1–6 are true or false Write T or F The ‘No Impact’ Family… lives in a big city uses a lot of electricity makes their own soap is interested in the environment prefers shopping at big supermarkets prefers not to use plastic bags or packets 1.34 Listen and read Check your answers to Ex.1 and correct the false sentences The In New York Over a thousand Because he was unhappy about how much rubbish people create Some people thought that he was crazy By bicycle At a market A glass jar with a lid It was difficult for them, but they learnt a lot from it and hope other people will too 10 15 20 Talk about it In pairs Ask and answer the questions What you think of the family’s experiment? What you think they found most difficult about the experiment? Would you try the experiment? Why? What parts of the experiment are easy or difficult? Do you and your family have a big impact on the environment? In the part of New York where Colin Beavan lives, the average family uses more than 1,000 plastic containers from takeaway restaurants every year A normal family also uses 572 plastic bags and creates 800 kg of rubbish every year These are statistics which shocked Colin He’s a man who likes a challenge, so he decided to try to become a real eco-warrior and reduce his family’s impact on the environment That meant no TV, no taxis, no takeaway meals, and a lot of changes in the family’s routine For one year in the Beavans’ apartment there wasn’t a TV or a fridge, and they only used one electric light to save electricity In the bathroom there weren’t any factory-made bottles of shampoo, rolls of toilet paper or bars of soap They didn’t buy those things – they made them or used alternatives Some people thought that he was crazy, but Colin explained that it is easy to make things like soap and toothpaste, and there are alternatives to toilet paper The family tried to create less rubbish and to use less electricity and fuel To this, they travelled by bicycle and bought second-hand things for their apartment Their food came from a market so they could avoid packets and boxes They carried the food home in a basket rather than plastic bags and they didn’t buy food products which came from more than 400 km away The Beavans also avoided takeaway food so they didn’t have to throw away all the containers that it comes in, and Colin always carried a glass jar with a lid Cafés where he bought takeaway coffee put it in his jar instead of a disposable cup 25 24 Study the rules and complete the examples ■ Some compound nouns are combinations of noun + noun The first noun describes the second noun a shopping bag Defining relative clauses Study the examples and complete the rules with Rules ■ Grammar a bag which you use for shopping a washing machine a New York apartment … … who, which, where and that These are statistics which shocked Colin He’s a man who likes a challenge He has a daughter that loves TV It was an experience that they won’t forget Cafés where he bought coffee put it in his jar Rules ■ Family Build your vocabulary compound nouns Match words 1–8 to a–h to make eight compound nouns plastic strawberry computer film Maths cheese Christmas electric ■ ■ a b c d e f g h exam present bag game light ice cream star sandwich …/… …/… 3… talking about people talking about things talking about places We can often omit which/that or who/that but NOT when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 Complete the text with which, where and who Think globally – buy locally! People 1… shop in supermarkets don’t usually think about products’ origins The farms 2… a lot of food is produced are a long distance away Food 3… arrives from the other side of the world makes a big impact on the environment because it’s put in boxes 4… go by plane and then by truck The supermarkets 5… it finally arrives are often out of town, so people 6… use them usually drive there Things 7… come from local farms don’t take a lot of fuel to transport, so customers 8… buy local products help the environment Write five sentences using words from the boxes Then compare your ideas in pairs The beach is a place where I have fun … is a drink a place something a person a programme who which where I admire I really like makes me happy makes me angry I have fun Fast finishers Write definitions for the words in the box, and five more words from this unit Then test your partner customer toothpaste neighbour farmer takeaway food fridge Colin admits that the experiment was tough for his family – he has a daughter that loves TV and shopping for toys! But it was an experience that they won’t forget, and when it finished they were fitter, happier and a little bit wiser They hope that people who hear about it will start thinking about their own impact too Workbook pp.20–23 25 3Reading ? Read the text again and write questions for answers 1–8 Start thinking How humans make an impact on the environment? How can we reduce that impact? Study strategy prediction Look at the photos and the title of the text Then guess if sentences 1–6 are true or false Write T or F The ‘No Impact’ Family… lives in a big city uses a lot of electricity makes their own soap is interested in the environment prefers shopping at big supermarkets prefers not to use plastic bags or packets 1.34 Listen and read Check your answers to Ex.1 and correct the false sentences The In New York Over a thousand Because he was unhappy about how much rubbish people create Some people thought that he was crazy By bicycle At a market A glass jar with a lid It was difficult for them, but they learnt a lot from it and hope other people will too 10 15 20 Talk about it In pairs Ask and answer the questions What you think of the family’s experiment? What you think they found most difficult about the experiment? Would you try the experiment? Why? What parts of the experiment are easy or difficult? Do you and your family have a big impact on the environment? In the part of New York where Colin Beavan lives, the average family uses more than 1,000 plastic containers from takeaway restaurants every year A normal family also uses 572 plastic bags and creates 800 kg of rubbish every year These are statistics which shocked Colin He’s a man who likes a challenge, so he decided to try to become a real eco-warrior and reduce his family’s impact on the environment That meant no TV, no taxis, no takeaway meals, and a lot of changes in the family’s routine For one year in the Beavans’ apartment there wasn’t a TV or a fridge, and they only used one electric light to save electricity In the bathroom there weren’t any factory-made bottles of shampoo, rolls of toilet paper or bars of soap They didn’t buy those things – they made them or used alternatives Some people thought that he was crazy, but Colin explained that it is easy to make things like soap and toothpaste, and there are alternatives to toilet paper The family tried to create less rubbish and to use less electricity and fuel To this, they travelled by bicycle and bought second-hand things for their apartment Their food came from a market so they could avoid packets and boxes They carried the food home in a basket rather than plastic bags and they didn’t buy food products which came from more than 400 km away The Beavans also avoided takeaway food so they didn’t have to throw away all the containers that it comes in, and Colin always carried a glass jar with a lid Cafés where he bought takeaway coffee put it in his jar instead of a disposable cup 25 24 Study the rules and complete the examples ■ Some compound nouns are combinations of noun + noun The first noun describes the second noun a shopping bag Defining relative clauses Study the examples and complete the rules with Rules ■ Grammar a bag which you use for shopping a washing machine a New York apartment … … who, which, where and that These are statistics which shocked Colin He’s a man who likes a challenge He has a daughter that loves TV It was an experience that they won’t forget Cafés where he bought coffee put it in his jar Rules ■ Family Build your vocabulary compound nouns Match words 1–8 to a–h to make eight compound nouns plastic strawberry computer film Maths cheese Christmas electric ■ ■ a b c d e f g h exam present bag game light ice cream star sandwich …/… …/… 3… talking about people talking about things talking about places We can often omit which/that or who/that but NOT when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 Complete the text with which, where and who Think globally – buy locally! People 1… shop in supermarkets don’t usually think about products’ origins The farms 2… a lot of food is produced are a long distance away Food 3… arrives from the other side of the world makes a big impact on the environment because it’s put in boxes 4… go by plane and then by truck The supermarkets 5… it finally arrives are often out of town, so people 6… use them usually drive there Things 7… come from local farms don’t take a lot of fuel to transport, so customers 8… buy local products help the environment Write five sentences using words from the boxes Then compare your ideas in pairs The beach is a place where I have fun … is a drink a place something a person a programme who which where I admire I really like makes me happy makes me angry I have fun Fast finishers Write definitions for the words in the box, and five more words from this unit Then test your partner customer toothpaste neighbour farmer takeaway food fridge Colin admits that the experiment was tough for his family – he has a daughter that loves TV and shopping for toys! But it was an experience that they won’t forget, and when it finished they were fitter, happier and a little bit wiser They hope that people who hear about it will start thinking about their own impact too Workbook pp.20–23 25 3Vocabulary and listening The environment ? How Start thinking Which things are environmentally unfriendly? What you to help the environment? What else could you do? Look at the words and phrases in the How green is your town? questionnaire Find one pair of synonyms and four pairs of opposites Write example sentences using six of the words your town? Is the place where you live environmentally friendly? Choose the correct alternative and then rank your town We gave our town three stars One of the positive points about the town is that… Also… One of the negative points is that… Another thing is that Grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives Study the examples and complete the rules Plastic is one of the cheapest and most common materials It’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more disposable world The streets are quite clean/very clean/quite dirty Adjective Comparative Superlative People here often/sometimes/never use recycled paper one-syllable adjectives cheap + er The water and air here is never/sometimes/often polluted There are no/one or two/several factories which produce toxic emissions The town is quiet/a bit noisy/very noisy People here often/sometimes/never use alternative energy like solar or wind power In general this is an unhealthy/quite a healthy/a very healthy place to live the + cheap + 1… adjectives ending healthy + 2… consonant + -y People here often use reusable or biodegradable bags/sometimes use them/only use disposable plastic bags long adjectives the + healthy + iest the + 4… + important …+ important Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 Find the correct sentence and correct the mistakes in the other sentences Dictation 10 London is noisier than my town The sea was more clean before Mexico City is most polluted city in the world It’s gooder now than it was before People are friendlier here 1.37 Listen and write the five sentences Then discuss them in pairs Are they true or false for you? How to make comparisons 11 Rules from Ex.1 Cigarettes are very unhealthy Do the questionnaire in pairs Then exchange opinions in groups green is 1.38 Listen and study the key phrases Then discuss 1–4 in groups Key phrases much (better) than… a bit/a lot more (interesting) than… not as (interesting) as… twice/three times as (good) as… A I think that Barcelona are the best football team B Yes, I agree C I disagree I think that Manchester United are much better than Barcelona team (good) school subject (easy) TV channel (interesting) language (useful) Fast finishers Write sentences comparing people in your family Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form of adjectives from the box Rank your town: ✰✰✰ ✰✰ ✰ 1.35 Guess the correct alternative to complete the article on the right about Rebecca Hoskins’s environmental campaign Then listen and check 1.36 Listen to the radio news article and answer the questions Why was Rebecca upset? How long can plastic remain in the environment? How can plastic be dangerous to animals? Who did Rebecca speak to in Modbury? How many shops in Modbury now give people plastic bags? 26 Battle of the bags 1Plastic/Cloth is one of the cheapest and most common materials on the planet Unfortunately it is also one of the worst things for the 2environment/supermarkets because it isn’t 3biodegradable/reusable and is 4healthy/toxic for animals Rebecca Hoskins believes that it’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more 5disposable/ alternative world Today’s programme explains how Rebecca’s local beach became a cleaner, better place after her 6international/individual campaign bad responsible dirty clean London, England Calcutta, India important interested Very green Quite green Not very green There are millions of tonnes of plastic in the sea The problem is getting 1… every year One of the 2…, most polluted beaches was near our town, but thanks to the efforts of local people it is now 3… than it was Education is the 4… thing People are 5… in the environment now, and we must learn to be 6… Write six sentences about the cities on the right using comparative and superlative adjectives, some true and some false Then, in pairs, listen and guess if your partner’s sentences are true or false A Amsterdam is the biggest city B False busy polluted noisy Amsterdam, the Netherlands friendly crowded big dangerous environmentally friendly Pronunciation Unit 3, Workbook pp.95–96 Workbook pp.20–23 27 3Vocabulary and listening The environment ? How Start thinking Which things are environmentally unfriendly? What you to help the environment? What else could you do? Look at the words and phrases in the How green is your town? questionnaire Find one pair of synonyms and four pairs of opposites Write example sentences using six of the words your town? Is the place where you live environmentally friendly? Choose the correct alternative and then rank your town We gave our town three stars One of the positive points about the town is that… Also… One of the negative points is that… Another thing is that Grammar Comparative and superlative adjectives Study the examples and complete the rules Plastic is one of the cheapest and most common materials It’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more disposable world The streets are quite clean/very clean/quite dirty Adjective Comparative Superlative People here often/sometimes/never use recycled paper one-syllable adjectives cheap + er The water and air here is never/sometimes/often polluted There are no/one or two/several factories which produce toxic emissions The town is quiet/a bit noisy/very noisy People here often/sometimes/never use alternative energy like solar or wind power In general this is an unhealthy/quite a healthy/a very healthy place to live the + cheap + 1… adjectives ending healthy + 2… consonant + -y People here often use reusable or biodegradable bags/sometimes use them/only use disposable plastic bags long adjectives the + healthy + iest the + 4… + important …+ important Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81 Find the correct sentence and correct the mistakes in the other sentences Dictation 10 London is noisier than my town The sea was more clean before Mexico City is most polluted city in the world It’s gooder now than it was before People are friendlier here 1.37 Listen and write the five sentences Then discuss them in pairs Are they true or false for you? How to make comparisons 11 Rules from Ex.1 Cigarettes are very unhealthy Do the questionnaire in pairs Then exchange opinions in groups green is 1.38 Listen and study the key phrases Then discuss 1–4 in groups Key phrases much (better) than… a bit/a lot more (interesting) than… not as (interesting) as… twice/three times as (good) as… A I think that Barcelona are the best football team B Yes, I agree C I disagree I think that Manchester United are much better than Barcelona team (good) school subject (easy) TV channel (interesting) language (useful) Fast finishers Write sentences comparing people in your family Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form of adjectives from the box Rank your town: ✰✰✰ ✰✰ ✰ 1.35 Guess the correct alternative to complete the article on the right about Rebecca Hoskins’s environmental campaign Then listen and check 1.36 Listen to the radio news article and answer the questions Why was Rebecca upset? How long can plastic remain in the environment? How can plastic be dangerous to animals? Who did Rebecca speak to in Modbury? How many shops in Modbury now give people plastic bags? 26 Battle of the bags 1Plastic/Cloth is one of the cheapest and most common materials on the planet Unfortunately it is also one of the worst things for the 2environment/supermarkets because it isn’t 3biodegradable/reusable and is 4healthy/toxic for animals Rebecca Hoskins believes that it’s more important to have a healthier world instead of a cheaper, more 5disposable/ alternative world Today’s programme explains how Rebecca’s local beach became a cleaner, better place after her 6international/individual campaign bad responsible dirty clean London, England Calcutta, India important interested Very green Quite green Not very green There are millions of tonnes of plastic in the sea The problem is getting 1… every year One of the 2…, most polluted beaches was near our town, but thanks to the efforts of local people it is now 3… than it was Education is the 4… thing People are 5… in the environment now, and we must learn to be 6… Write six sentences about the cities on the right using comparative and superlative adjectives, some true and some false Then, in pairs, listen and guess if your partner’s sentences are true or false A Amsterdam is the biggest city B False busy polluted noisy Amsterdam, the Netherlands friendly crowded big dangerous environmentally friendly Pronunciation Unit 3, Workbook pp.95–96 Workbook pp.20–23 27 Green Gifts 3Practical English Writing How to compare ideas for a present Clean our beach How to write an email to a newspaper Look at the products from the Green Gifts catalogue Read the email and answer the questions and decide which things are good presents for a …a man who likes electronic gadgets b …a woman who’s interested in fashion What is the problem that Aleeza is writing about? What does she suggest to improve the situation? Find the defining relative clauses in the email How you say the words in your language? C t Grea ! e valu E 10 B D Items on this page: A bag made from recycled crisp packets B eco-clothing A C solar-powered mobile charger D solar-powered watch 1.41 Listen and read the dialogue What does Ashlee decide to buy for her father? Why? G g Greg As hlee Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee F What are you looking at, Ashlee? I’m looking for a birthday present for my dad Oh, right What kind of thing does he like? He’s into the environment, so he likes things which are environmentally friendly What about this solar-powered watch? That’s the most expensive thing on the website! I need something which is a bit cheaper OK I quite like this wallet made from recycled belts What you think of that? Yes, that’s better, and it’s much more practical Great, that’s sorted, then I hope he likes kes iit Yes Thanks, Greg 15 E wallet made from recycled belts F wind-up radio I think there are one or two reasons for this First of all, the people who come to the beach obviously don’t see this as a problem, so perhaps we need clearer signs or people who patrol the area In addition to that, there’s only one bin where you can put your rubbish, so I think we need more We’ve definitely got a problem here Maybe some people aren’t worried about this, but I think we need to something about this situation now if we want a beach which is cleaner and more attractive Aleeza Patel 1.42 Listen and study the key phrases Then practise the dialogue in pairs Key phrases What kind of thing does (he) like? I need something which is a bit (cheaper) What you think of that? It’s much more (practical) That’s sorted, then Study the key phrases Then put them in the order in which they appear in the email Key phrases First of all,… I think there are one or two reasons for this In addition to that,… I’m writing because… This photo shows… In pairs Order a–d to make a mini-dialogue Practise the mini-dialogue Then substitute the words with words from the box and practise the new mini-dialogue camping torch practical smaller solar lamp a … She’s into art She likes things which are colourful b … What kind of thing does she like? c … No, I prefer the bracelet It’s much more attractive, and it’s a bit cheaper, too d … What about this vase? In pairs Look at the dialogue in Ex.2 again Then substitute the words to practise new dialogues with the people and products in Ex.1 In pairs Talk about ideas for presents for your friends and family Cover Ex.2 but use the key phrases to help you Language point so and because Find examples of so and because from the email Then match 1–5 to a–e and join them with so or because 28 I’m writing because I was at the beach with some friends last weekend and the amount of rubbish there was unbelievable This photo shows the bottles, cans and other rubbish that we found This is definitely the worst beach in the area for litter 1d – I went to the shops because we needed some shampoo I went to the shops a bicycles are better Cars pollute the b I didn’t want to environment, read it There isn’t much c I haven’t got any water, money I can’t buy a d we needed some present shampoo I gave Tina the e please don’t drink magazine too much I didn’t have f there aren’t many lunch bins There’s a lot of g I was hungry rubbish Writing guide email to a newspaper Task (150–200 words) Write an email to a newspaper about the traffic problem in a city that you know, attaching a photo of a traffic jam A Think and plan Make notes about causes and solutions for these problems ■ There’s too much traffic ■ There aren’t enough buses ■ Not many people use bicycles/ public transport B Write Use the key phrases and your notes Paragraph Describe the situation I’m writing because… Paragraph Causes and solutions I think there are one or two reasons for this Paragraph Conclusion We’ve definitely got a problem here C Check ■ ■ ■ so and because comparative and superlative adjectives defining relative clauses Workbook pp.24–27 pp.XX, XX 29 Green Gifts 3Practical English Writing How to compare ideas for a present Clean our beach How to write an email to a newspaper Look at the products from the Green Gifts catalogue Read the email and answer the questions and decide which things are good presents for a …a man who likes electronic gadgets b …a woman who’s interested in fashion What is the problem that Aleeza is writing about? What does she suggest to improve the situation? Find the defining relative clauses in the email How you say the words in your language? C t Grea ! e valu E 10 B D Items on this page: A bag made from recycled crisp packets B eco-clothing A C solar-powered mobile charger D solar-powered watch 1.41 Listen and read the dialogue What does Ashlee decide to buy for her father? Why? G g Greg As hlee Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee Greg Ashlee F What are you looking at, Ashlee? I’m looking for a birthday present for my dad Oh, right What kind of thing does he like? He’s into the environment, so he likes things which are environmentally friendly What about this solar-powered watch? That’s the most expensive thing on the website! I need something which is a bit cheaper OK I quite like this wallet made from recycled belts What you think of that? Yes, that’s better, and it’s much more practical Great, that’s sorted, then I hope he likes kes iit Yes Thanks, Greg 15 E wallet made from recycled belts F wind-up radio I think there are one or two reasons for this First of all, the people who come to the beach obviously don’t see this as a problem, so perhaps we need clearer signs or people who patrol the area In addition to that, there’s only one bin where you can put your rubbish, so I think we need more We’ve definitely got a problem here Maybe some people aren’t worried about this, but I think we need to something about this situation now if we want a beach which is cleaner and more attractive Aleeza Patel 1.42 Listen and study the key phrases Then practise the dialogue in pairs Key phrases What kind of thing does (he) like? I need something which is a bit (cheaper) What you think of that? It’s much more (practical) That’s sorted, then Study the key phrases Then put them in the order in which they appear in the email Key phrases First of all,… I think there are one or two reasons for this In addition to that,… I’m writing because… This photo shows… In pairs Order a–d to make a mini-dialogue Practise the mini-dialogue Then substitute the words with words from the box and practise the new mini-dialogue camping torch practical smaller solar lamp a … She’s into art She likes things which are colourful b … What kind of thing does she like? c … No, I prefer the bracelet It’s much more attractive, and it’s a bit cheaper, too d … What about this vase? In pairs Look at the dialogue in Ex.2 again Then substitute the words to practise new dialogues with the people and products in Ex.1 In pairs Talk about ideas for presents for your friends and family Cover Ex.2 but use the key phrases to help you Language point so and because Find examples of so and because from the email Then match 1–5 to a–e and join them with so or because 28 I’m writing because I was at the beach with some friends last weekend and the amount of rubbish there was unbelievable This photo shows the bottles, cans and other rubbish that we found This is definitely the worst beach in the area for litter 1d – I went to the shops because we needed some shampoo I went to the shops a bicycles are better Cars pollute the b I didn’t want to environment, read it There isn’t much c I haven’t got any water, money I can’t buy a d we needed some present shampoo I gave Tina the e please don’t drink magazine too much I didn’t have f there aren’t many lunch bins There’s a lot of g I was hungry rubbish Writing guide email to a newspaper Task (150–200 words) Write an email to a newspaper about the traffic problem in a city that you know, attaching a photo of a traffic jam A Think and plan Make notes about causes and solutions for these problems ■ There’s too much traffic ■ There aren’t enough buses ■ Not many people use bicycles/ public transport B Write Use the key phrases and your notes Paragraph Describe the situation I’m writing because… Paragraph Causes and solutions I think there are one or two reasons for this Paragraph Conclusion We’ve definitely got a problem here C Check ■ ■ ■ so and because comparative and superlative adjectives defining relative clauses Workbook pp.24–27 pp.XX, XX 29 1–3 Consolidation Grammar Unit 1 Complete the sentences with the Present simple or Present continuous form of the verb in brackets 10 My brother … volleyball every Friday (play) What … of my new jacket? (you/think) We … where Liam is (not know) My dad sometimes … me fishing (take) … the party? (you/enjoy) He … watching films on TV (not like) I hardly ever … shy (feel) What time …? (the film/start) We … in the right seats (not sit) Look – Saskia … because James … her (sulk, tease) Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of the word in brackets in the correct position That woman often stares at strangers (rude) Maria always speaks in the school debates (confident) Are you thinking of buying a new MP3 player? (serious) He doesn’t always behave (sensible) Listen I’ve got something to tell you (careful) Grammar Unit Vocabulary Units 1–3 Find the correct sentence and correct the Find 13 more adjectives describing character mistakes in the other sentences There are much problems in the world because of pollution That’s the café who I told you about Parts of Africa are more dry than in the past A lot people recycle their rubbish now Karen is someone which knows a lot about the environment I think roses are the beautifulest flowers Zaragoza is a city which I feel at home Have we got many rice in the cupboard? Josh is the most friendly person I know 10 Do you eat much chocolate? 11 Global warming is a badder problem than many people think 12 I need a few money to buy a present for my brother and personality and verbs describing communication and attitude Look , and a c o n f i d e n t g s p f h c d b r a s b o t u l o s e m r e r l o l p l u e e c e y x a y w e r k n n r f m a r u v u r a i a s f n r q n g p e a c m i i u o n i b h c z n t i v b l s u s e n s i t i v e l e y o d m n j h l c k h e r y t h z d v y a j e u i s e r i o u s l l e l o e t e a s e g b e y n k m s d e t e r m i n e d e p Copy and complete the table with words from Grammar Units 1–3 Write the correct form of the verb or choose the correct alternative to complete the email Hello! the box sitcom recycled viewer bag can Choose the correct alternative A Where was/were you born? B I am/was born in Leeds A What did you watch/were you watching on TV yesterday? B I didn’t/don’t watch TV yesterday A What film did you see/were you seeing last night? B I saw/was seeing the latest Twilight movie A Where did you go/were you going when I met/was meeting you yesterday? B We went/were going to the dentist A Who was/were your favourite pop group when you was/were nine? B I wasn’t having/didn’t have a favourite group when I was nine A Where was/were your teacher last week? B She was/were at a conference A Who did speak you/were you speaking to? B My mum She buys/’s buying me some new clothes 30 I 1… (get) your email this morning Thanks! 2… (be) you at your cousins’ house now? You 3… (not say) At the moment we 4… (stay) at my grandmother’s in Brighton I 5… (love) it here I think it’s the 6goodest/ best place to spend a holiday We 7… (go) to the beach every day We 8… (be) there earlier and there 9… (be) a lot of people! We 10sometimes/hardly ever 11… (take) a picnic But today we 12… (eat) in a café 13that/who sells the 14 most fantastic/fantasticest pizzas in England But my grandmother tells me to eat 15healthy/healthily, so I 16… (not go) there very often She 17… (give) me 18lots of/much advice!! I 19never/occasionally 20… (go) to town with the boy 21which/who lives next door Yesterday we 22… (go) to a great shop 23where/that sells the 24coolest/most cool T-shirts Anyway, write and tell me your news! Oscar Write the words in the correct order to make questions Omit one word each time studying the subjects which this you are year ? ever tease your you friends have ? news often game watch shows you ? cheese eat how week always much you a ? you talk the in confidently can English ? before was chatting you this were to who lesson ? last happened the episode in what the of drama series has ? doing at last the what you 10 night o’clock were ? the world city of is biggest in what the ? 10 friendliest most in who is class the person the ? 10 In pairs Ask and answer the questions in Ex.9 bottle presenter packet chat show character biodegradable talent show game show participant audience the news reusable box Dear Fred, Grammar Unit Cumulative revision Units 1–3 People TV Environment Containers programmes adjectives Collocations Choose the correct collocation Sometimes more than one answer is possible Heath Ledger was a famous film player/actor/ star My aunt has a huge collection of jam jars/ bottles/cans The model is dark-haired/pale-skinned/palehaired We need some washing powder/soap/paste Shops give out too many plastic shopping bags/ containers/rubbish It’s good to be open-minded/short-sighted/warmhearted Can you tell me where the tourist office/present/ shop is please? My father hates reality shows/programmes/ entertainment Translation 11 Translate the review Television is usually worse in the summer than in the winter There are a lot of old programmes and not many are really interesting TV companies don’t put on new shows and drama series while most of the audience are sitting on the beach However, yesterday was an exception I was changing channels with the remote control when I found that Channel was showing the Disney film Wall-E This is a story about pollution and the damage we are doing using disposable goods, but it’s also a love story between the generous Wall-E and practical Eve How to use your English 12 Write three dialogues starting with the sentences or questions below Write five more sentences to complete each dialogue using the key phrases section (Workbook pp.108–109) to help you Then practise your dialogues in pairs A I got really bad results in my Maths exam! I don’t know what to B … A In my opinion there are too many reality shows on TV B … A Can you help me choose a present for my mum? B … 31 1–3 Consolidation Grammar Unit 1 Complete the sentences with the Present simple or Present continuous form of the verb in brackets 10 My brother … volleyball every Friday (play) What … of my new jacket? (you/think) We … where Liam is (not know) My dad sometimes … me fishing (take) … the party? (you/enjoy) He … watching films on TV (not like) I hardly ever … shy (feel) What time …? (the film/start) We … in the right seats (not sit) Look – Saskia … because James … her (sulk, tease) Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of the word in brackets in the correct position That woman often stares at strangers (rude) Maria always speaks in the school debates (confident) Are you thinking of buying a new MP3 player? (serious) He doesn’t always behave (sensible) Listen I’ve got something to tell you (careful) Grammar Unit Vocabulary Units 1–3 Find the correct sentence and correct the Find 13 more adjectives describing character mistakes in the other sentences There are much problems in the world because of pollution That’s the café who I told you about Parts of Africa are more dry than in the past A lot people recycle their rubbish now Karen is someone which knows a lot about the environment I think roses are the beautifulest flowers Zaragoza is a city which I feel at home Have we got many rice in the cupboard? Josh is the most friendly person I know 10 Do you eat much chocolate? 11 Global warming is a badder problem than many people think 12 I need a few money to buy a present for my brother and personality and verbs describing communication and attitude Look , and a c o n f i d e n t g s p f h c d b r a s b o t u l o s e m r e r l o l p l u e e c e y x a y w e r k n n r f m a r u v u r a i a s f n r q n g p e a c m i i u o n i b h c z n t i v b l s u s e n s i t i v e l e y o d m n j h l c k h e r y t h z d v y a j e u i s e r i o u s l l e l o e t e a s e g b e y n k m s d e t e r m i n e d e p Copy and complete the table with words from Grammar Units 1–3 Write the correct form of the verb or choose the correct alternative to complete the email Hello! the box sitcom recycled viewer bag can Choose the correct alternative A Where was/were you born? B I am/was born in Leeds A What did you watch/were you watching on TV yesterday? B I didn’t/don’t watch TV yesterday A What film did you see/were you seeing last night? B I saw/was seeing the latest Twilight movie A Where did you go/were you going when I met/was meeting you yesterday? B We went/were going to the dentist A Who was/were your favourite pop group when you was/were nine? B I wasn’t having/didn’t have a favourite group when I was nine A Where was/were your teacher last week? B She was/were at a conference A Who did speak you/were you speaking to? B My mum She buys/’s buying me some new clothes 30 I 1… (get) your email this morning Thanks! 2… (be) you at your cousins’ house now? You 3… (not say) At the moment we 4… (stay) at my grandmother’s in Brighton I 5… (love) it here I think it’s the 6goodest/ best place to spend a holiday We 7… (go) to the beach every day We 8… (be) there earlier and there 9… (be) a lot of people! We 10sometimes/hardly ever 11… (take) a picnic But today we 12… (eat) in a café 13that/who sells the 14 most fantastic/fantasticest pizzas in England But my grandmother tells me to eat 15healthy/healthily, so I 16… (not go) there very often She 17… (give) me 18lots of/much advice!! I 19never/occasionally 20… (go) to town with the boy 21which/who lives next door Yesterday we 22… (go) to a great shop 23where/that sells the 24coolest/most cool T-shirts Anyway, write and tell me your news! Oscar Write the words in the correct order to make questions Omit one word each time studying the subjects which this you are year ? ever tease your you friends have ? news often game watch shows you ? cheese eat how week always much you a ? you talk the in confidently can English ? before was chatting you this were to who lesson ? last happened the episode in what the of drama series has ? doing at last the what you 10 night o’clock were ? the world city of is biggest in what the ? 10 friendliest most in who is class the person the ? 10 In pairs Ask and answer the questions in Ex.9 bottle presenter packet chat show character biodegradable talent show game show participant audience the news reusable box Dear Fred, Grammar Unit Cumulative revision Units 1–3 People TV Environment Containers programmes adjectives Collocations Choose the correct collocation Sometimes more than one answer is possible Heath Ledger was a famous film player/actor/ star My aunt has a huge collection of jam jars/ bottles/cans The model is dark-haired/pale-skinned/palehaired We need some washing powder/soap/paste Shops give out too many plastic shopping bags/ containers/rubbish It’s good to be open-minded/short-sighted/warmhearted Can you tell me where the tourist office/present/ shop is please? My father hates reality shows/programmes/ entertainment Translation 11 Translate the review Television is usually worse in the summer than in the winter There are a lot of old programmes and not many are really interesting TV companies don’t put on new shows and drama series while most of the audience are sitting on the beach However, yesterday was an exception I was changing channels with the remote control when I found that Channel was showing the Disney film Wall-E This is a story about pollution and the damage we are doing using disposable goods, but it’s also a love story between the generous Wall-E and practical Eve How to use your English 12 Write three dialogues starting with the sentences or questions below Write five more sentences to complete each dialogue using the key phrases section (Workbook pp.108–109) to help you Then practise your dialogues in pairs A I got really bad results in my Maths exam! I don’t know what to B … A In my opinion there are too many reality shows on TV B … A Can you help me choose a present for my mum? B … 31 Everyday listening & speaking Everyday listening & speaking 4 5 cheaper car sharing Alice Rob Alice Discussing how to be green Match the photos (1–6) to the ‘green’ actions in the box Rob recycle rubbish use less packaging save electricity save water walk or cycle to school use local shops and products 1.43 Jake and his sister Sarah are thinking of ways to be greener Listen Which actions in Ex.1 they mention? Rob 1.43 Listen again True or false? Write T or F Alice Sarah and Jake’s family already recycle all their rubbish Small shops use less packaging than supermarkets Supermarkets are more expensive than local shops Jake and Sarah usually switch off the computer at night Sarah has a shower every day A shower uses less water than a bath Alice 1.44 Alice and Rob are chatting Complete the dialogue with the phrases from the box Listen and check Then practise the dialogue in pairs So, why don’t we 1… tomorrow? What you think? I’m not sure It’s a long way But it’s greener than the bus, and it’s 2…! Well, all right, but I reckon 3… is quicker Let’s go for that OK My parents are trying to be greener too My mum does 4… with a work colleague, and at home we always 5… the lights when we leave the room Good idea Hey, how about reusing old bags when we go shopping? It’s more 6… than getting a new plastic bag each time I like the idea of that – and it’s easy! Reporting a theft Match the personal items (1–8) to the words in the box MP3 player wallet / purse e-book tablet Which of the items in Ex.1 have you got? How important are they to you? Which ones you always carry with you? 1.45 Listen to the key phrases Why don’t we (walk)? How about (reusing bags)? What you think? I’m not sure How to 2.12 Daisy is at the police station Complete the dialogue with the Present perfect or Past simple form of the verbs in brackets Listen and check Then practise the dialogue in pairs 2.13 Listen to the key phrases Key phrases Key phrases Can I help you? I’d like to report a theft I see Can you describe what happened? I think/I reckon… I like the idea of that Let’s go for that Then what happened? Thank you You’ve been very helpful use your English How to In pairs You want to be greener Discuss and Go back to Unit use your English In pairs Prepare and practise a new dialogue compare the ideas in Ex.1 and decide which things you will or won’t try to do, and why Use Ex.4 and the key phrases to help you 88 mobile phone sunglasses digital camera jewellery I’ve got an MP3 player It’s really important to me and… Where has Daisy looked for her mobile? Where did she use it this morning? What did she use it for? Where did she put it? Why does she think somebody stole it? What does Ben suggest? Police officer Can I help you? Daisy Yes, I’d like to report a theft Someone 1… (steal) my mobile phone Police officer I see Where and when 2… (this/ happen)? Daisy On the Number 16 bus this morning, I think – at about 8.30 Police officer Can you describe what happened? Daisy Yes I 3… (text) my friend and then I 4… (put) my mobile in my pocket Police officer Then what happened? Daisy Well, a girl 5… (push) me Police officer I see 6… (you/ever/report) a theft before? Daisy Er… no It’s the first time Police officer Right Well, could you fill in this form, please? Then we can contact you if we find your phone Daisy Thank you You’ve been very helpful switch off walk to school cycling environmentally friendly 2.11 Listen again and answer the questions 2.11 Daisy is talking to her friend Ben Listen What has happened? Student A: Someone has stolen one of your personal possessions Student B: You are a police officer Use Ex.5 and the key phrases to help you Go back to Unit 89 Culture & CLIL 10 15 Culture & CLIL A national obsession Americans watch a lot of television There are more TVs than people in the typical American home today – only 1… of homes have just one TV, and half of all homes have three or more Fifty percent of American children have got a TV in their bedroom The average American watches TV for about 2… hours a day, and 3… of people regularly watch TV while they’re having dinner In fact, on average, Americans spend about 4… of their entire life watching TV! Maybe this isn’t surprising The USA was one of the first countries to sell commercial TV sets, and it started showing regular programmes in 5… The Americans made and exported iconic programmes that the entire world saw and loved: drama series like Star Trek and comedies like Happy Days Today, the most popular types of TV programme in the USA are drama series like CSI and talent shows like American Idol However, every year millions of people 20 25 30 35 watch the Super Bowl, the most important American Football game of the year In 2010 6… viewers watched it on TV, the biggest audience ever for a US TV show All this TV can have negative results Americans see a lot of violence on TV – the average child sees over 7… murders on TV before they start high school Many people think this increases violent behaviour and can cause social problems One organisation, the Center for Screen-Time Awareness, encourages people to switch off their TVs, at least for one week a year They call it ‘Mental Detox Week’ It is becoming more popular every year – in 2008, 8… Americans took part In 1992, the leaders of more than 100 countries met at the Earth Summit, a United Nations conference in Rio de Janeiro They discussed issues which affect the environment, such as pollution and poverty, and talked about possible solutions They adopted a global strategy for ‘sustainable development’ This means economic and social development which doesn’t destroy the environment One of the most important parts of their strategy is ‘Local Agenda 21’ 10 The idea behind Local Agenda 21 (21 refers to the 21st century) is that if a lot of people small things locally, they can have a big impact nationally, and an even bigger impact globally For example, if only a few people take the bus to work rather than drive, it doesn’t make much 15 difference However, if millions of people across the world it, the difference is huge What is your carbon footprint? Choose the 1.31 Read the text about television in the USA, and complete it with the numbers from the box Then read and listen, and check your answers 8,000 19% 9% 66% 4½ 20 million 106.5 million 1928 Read the text again and answer the questions What does the text say about half of all homes in the USA? How long does the average American watch TV for every day? Why is it not surprising that TV is so important in the USA? Which programme always has the biggest TV audience? How can TV have a damaging effect on society? What people during Mental Detox Week? 96 Everything we has an impact on the environment We can measure this by calculating the carbon dioxide we generate just by our daily activities This is our ‘carbon 20 footprint’ Local Agenda 21 encourages a collective responsibility towards the environment For it to be effective, everyone in a community needs to work together to reduce their carbon footprint – at home, at school or at work Local councils need to provide good facilities such 25 as recycling and public transport, and people need to use them People need to switch off lights, computers and TVs when they aren’t using them Supermarkets need to use less packaging and shoppers need to stop using plastic bags 30 If everyone plays a small part, they can make their local area cleaner and less polluted, and protect the global environment Small actions really can change the world! Sustainable development Television in the USA correct definition, a or b a The quantity of carbon dioxide emissions that you produce when you travel by car or aeroplane b The total quantity of carbon dioxide emissions that all your day-to-day activities produce in one year Talk about it In pairs Ask and answer the questions How many TVs have you got in your home? Have you got one in your bedroom? What TV programmes you watch? How many hours a day you watch TV? What kinds of TV programmes are popular in Spain? Which American TV programmes you watch? Do you think TV can influence behaviour? Do you think Mental Detox Week is a good idea? Would you take part? Use your answers from Ex.3 to write a text (150–200 words) describing your TV habits and giving your opinions on TV Culture & CLIL video Go back to Unit 2 1.46 Read and listen to the text about sustainable development, and check your answers Read the text again and answer the questions Who met at the Earth Summit? Why? What is ‘sustainable development’? What is the idea behind Local Agenda 21? Who needs to contribute to make it effective? What can local councils do? What can supermarkets and shoppers do? Talk about it In pairs Talk about things at your school which have a negative impact on the environment What can you to improve this negative impact? Make a list of problems and solutions Think about the things in the box rubbish and recycling leaving lights/computers switched on green areas leaving water taps on travelling to school using paper Use your answers from Ex.4 to write a text (150–200 words) about the negative impact your school has on the environment, and what everyone in the school could to reduce it Culture & CLIL video Go back to Unit 97 B Literature Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe ? Talk about it In pairs Imagine you are Robinson Crusoe and you have just arrived on a desert island What are the first things you do? Start thinking Read about Daniel Defoe Think about other stories you know about people being alone in a strange place What is the name of the story and what happens? Read the Background to the story on p.107 How you think Robinson Crusoe ends up on an island alone? Robinson Crusoe Read what happens next and compare your Background to the story… answers to Ex.4 Who visits the island from time to time? Why? Robinson Crusoe was born in York in England in 1632 From a young age he wants to become a sailor On one of his first voyages1 he is taken by Turkish pirates and he becomes a slave After two years he escapes and he is rescued2 by a Portuguese ship on its way to Brazil The captain takes Robinson with them The next day, Robinson Crusoe swims to the ship and takes food and supplies from it, including knives, sails1 and guns Back on land, he makes a shelter2 and learns how to kill animals and survive After many years, he starts to see footprints3 occasionally Then he discovers that the footprints belong to ‘wild men’ who sometimes visit the island and bring prisoners4 They have ceremonies, kill their prisoners and then eat them before leaving the island again At first Robinson Crusoe is frightened, but he is also very lonely so he thinks of a plan About the author Daniel Defoe Born: 1660 in London, England Died: 1731 Important works: Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722) Did you know? Daniel Defoe was one of the first authors to write a modern novel in English, and Robinson Crusoe has influenced many other stories and generations of writers The story of Robinson Crusoe is thought to be based on the true adventures of Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years alone on an island in the Pacific In 1966, this island, one of the Islas Juan Fernández, was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island B – strong material which, using the wind, moves a ship 2shelter – a structure which gives protection 3footprints – the shape a foot makes in sand 4prisoners – people who are captured and are not free 1sails 4.03 Read and listen to the extract Check your answer to Start thinking, question 2 Read the extract again and put the events (a–h) in the correct order (1–8) a b c d … The ship hits sand … The boat turns over … Robinson Crusoe sleeps in a tree … Robinson Crusoe sees that there are no other survivors e … Robinson Crusoe decides to go to Africa f … The sailors abandon the ship in a small boat g … There is a terrible storm h … The water carries Robinson Crusoe to the island Find the words in the extract which mean the following: spaces, openings (L.11) … not calm or flat (L.18) … the land beside the sea (L.23) … destroyed (L.30) … not domesticated (L.35) … 4.04 Listen to the next part of the story What does Robinson Crusoe plan to do? Why? Listen again and answer the questions How long does Robinson Crusoe wait before he sees the boats? How many ‘wild men’ come in the boats? What does one of the prisoners do? How many men run after the prisoner? What Robinson Crusoe and the prisoner to the men? Why does Robinson Crusoe call the prisoner ‘Man Friday’? 10 Writing Imagine you are on a desert island You can have five things, including one person Who or what would you take, and why? Write 150–200 words 15 I stayed in Brazil and worked hard for some years By then I was rich … but also bored One day some friends came to me and said, ‘We’re going to Africa to business Why don’t you come with us? We’ll all be rich after this journey!’ 20 How stupid I was! I had an easy, comfortable life in Brazil, but, of course, I agreed And so, in 1659, I went to sea again 25 At first, all went well, but then there was a terrible storm3 For twelve days the wind and the rain didn’t stop We lost three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holes in its sides ‘We’re all going to die this time,’ I said to myself Then one morning one of the sailors saw land, but the next minute our ship hit some sand just under the sea The ship could not move and we were really in danger now The sea was trying to break the ship into pieces, and we had very little time Quickly, we put a boat into the sea and got off the ship But the sea was very rough and our little boat could not live for long in that wild water 30 35 Half an hour later the angry sea turned our boat over and we were all in the water I looked round for my friends, but I could see nobody I was alone That day I was lucky, and the sea carried me to the shore I could not see the land, only mountains of water all around me Then, suddenly, I felt the ground under my feet Another mountain of water came, pushed me up the beach, and I fell on the wet sand At first I was very thankful to be alive Slowly, I got to my feet and went higher up the shore From there, I looked out to sea I could see our ship, but it was wrecked and there was nobody near it There was nobody in the water All my friends were dead I was alive, but in a strange wild country, with no food, no water, and no gun It was dark now and I was tired I was afraid to sleep on the shore Perhaps there were wild animals there So I went up a tree and I stayed there all night Glossary – a long journey by sea – saved from danger 3storm – very bad weather with strong winds and rain 1voyage From Robinson Crusoe, Oxford Bookworms Library Retold by Diane Mowat 106 2rescued 107 B Literature Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe ? Talk about it In pairs Imagine you are Robinson Crusoe and you have just arrived on a desert island What are the first things you do? Start thinking Read about Daniel Defoe Think about other stories you know about people being alone in a strange place What is the name of the story and what happens? Read the Background to the story on p.107 How you think Robinson Crusoe ends up on an island alone? Robinson Crusoe Read what happens next and compare your Background to the story… answers to Ex.4 Who visits the island from time to time? Why? Robinson Crusoe was born in York in England in 1632 From a young age he wants to become a sailor On one of his first voyages1 he is taken by Turkish pirates and he becomes a slave After two years he escapes and he is rescued2 by a Portuguese ship on its way to Brazil The captain takes Robinson with them The next day, Robinson Crusoe swims to the ship and takes food and supplies from it, including knives, sails1 and guns Back on land, he makes a shelter2 and learns how to kill animals and survive After many years, he starts to see footprints3 occasionally Then he discovers that the footprints belong to ‘wild men’ who sometimes visit the island and bring prisoners4 They have ceremonies, kill their prisoners and then eat them before leaving the island again At first Robinson Crusoe is frightened, but he is also very lonely so he thinks of a plan About the author Daniel Defoe Born: 1660 in London, England Died: 1731 Important works: Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722) Did you know? Daniel Defoe was one of the first authors to write a modern novel in English, and Robinson Crusoe has influenced many other stories and generations of writers The story of Robinson Crusoe is thought to be based on the true adventures of Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years alone on an island in the Pacific In 1966, this island, one of the Islas Juan Fernández, was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island B – strong material which, using the wind, moves a ship 2shelter – a structure which gives protection 3footprints – the shape a foot makes in sand 4prisoners – people who are captured and are not free 1sails 4.03 Read and listen to the extract Check your answer to Start thinking, question 2 Read the extract again and put the events (a–h) in the correct order (1–8) a b c d … The ship hits sand … The boat turns over … Robinson Crusoe sleeps in a tree … Robinson Crusoe sees that there are no other survivors e … Robinson Crusoe decides to go to Africa f … The sailors abandon the ship in a small boat g … There is a terrible storm h … The water carries Robinson Crusoe to the island Find the words in the extract which mean the following: spaces, openings (L.11) … not calm or flat (L.18) … the land beside the sea (L.23) … destroyed (L.30) … not domesticated (L.35) … 4.04 Listen to the next part of the story What does Robinson Crusoe plan to do? Why? Listen again and answer the questions How long does Robinson Crusoe wait before he sees the boats? How many ‘wild men’ come in the boats? What does one of the prisoners do? How many men run after the prisoner? What Robinson Crusoe and the prisoner to the men? Why does Robinson Crusoe call the prisoner ‘Man Friday’? 10 Writing Imagine you are on a desert island You can have five things, including one person Who or what would you take, and why? Write 150–200 words 15 I stayed in Brazil and worked hard for some years By then I was rich … but also bored One day some friends came to me and said, ‘We’re going to Africa to business Why don’t you come with us? We’ll all be rich after this journey!’ 20 How stupid I was! I had an easy, comfortable life in Brazil, but, of course, I agreed And so, in 1659, I went to sea again 25 At first, all went well, but then there was a terrible storm3 For twelve days the wind and the rain didn’t stop We lost three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holes in its sides ‘We’re all going to die this time,’ I said to myself Then one morning one of the sailors saw land, but the next minute our ship hit some sand just under the sea The ship could not move and we were really in danger now The sea was trying to break the ship into pieces, and we had very little time Quickly, we put a boat into the sea and got off the ship But the sea was very rough and our little boat could not live for long in that wild water 30 35 Half an hour later the angry sea turned our boat over and we were all in the water I looked round for my friends, but I could see nobody I was alone That day I was lucky, and the sea carried me to the shore I could not see the land, only mountains of water all around me Then, suddenly, I felt the ground under my feet Another mountain of water came, pushed me up the beach, and I fell on the wet sand At first I was very thankful to be alive Slowly, I got to my feet and went higher up the shore From there, I looked out to sea I could see our ship, but it was wrecked and there was nobody near it There was nobody in the water All my friends were dead I was alive, but in a strange wild country, with no food, no water, and no gun It was dark now and I was tired I was afraid to sleep on the shore Perhaps there were wild animals there So I went up a tree and I stayed there all night Glossary – a long journey by sea – saved from danger 3storm – very bad weather with strong winds and rain 1voyage From Robinson Crusoe, Oxford Bookworms Library Retold by Diane Mowat 106 2rescued 107