CIVL 375 Experiment DISTILLATION Introduction Distillation is a process of evaporation followed by condensation The process is used both in the environmental engineering and chemical engineering fields In water treatment, distillation is one of the desalination processes Other desalination process include reverse osmosis and electrodialysis Objective To illustrate the concept of distillation using the distillation unit in the laboratory This unit is used to produce deioinzed water from tap water Through this exercise, the concept of mass balance should be verified Equipment and glassware Distillation unit TDS meter Stop watch Graduated cylinder Procedure Run the distillation unit for 15 minutes until steady-state conditions are reached Measure the flow rate of tap water feeding the distillation unit, the flow rate of deionized water, and the flow rate of brine discharged into the drain The flow rate could be measured by collecting a certain volume from each stream over a certain period of time Take samples from the tap water feeding the distillation unit, the produced deionized water, and the brine discharged into the drain and measure the TDS of these samples Make sure the deioinzed water and brine samples are collected to room temperature before the TDS measurement is done Repeat step and two more times Calculate the average flow rate of each stream and the average TDS concentration Apply the concept of mass balance on flow and TDS concentration to verify your results Report the causes of deviation between the theoretical and experimental calculations Requirements: Fill out the provided experiment data sheet and carry out the required calculations If you are requested to submit a report of this experiment then your report should contain (a) an introduction that ends with the objective (b) methodology including sample identification (c) results and discussion including sources of errors (d) conclusion (e) references and (f) an appendix that contains the filled data sheet CIVL375: Experiment Data Sheet Distillation Name ID Experimental Conditions Experiment date Sample identification Results Flow rate measurement Run Tap water V (ml) t (min) Deionized water Q (ml/min) V (ml) t (min) Q (ml/min) Brine V (ml) t (min) Q (ml/min) TDS measurement Run Tap water (mg/l) Deionized water (mg/l) Brine (mg/l) Required Calculations Determine the average flow rate of each stream and apply the concept of mass balance on flow rates Determine the average TDS of each stream and apply the concept of mass balance on TDS