www.lize.vn Cô Tạ Thanh Hiền www.lize.vn WRITING – SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (PART – QUESTIONS 1-50) (By Ms Ta Thi Thanh Hien – Hanoi University – Lize.vn – Chinh Phuc Ky Thi VTV7) I CÁC BƯỚC CẦN LÀM VỚI BÀI VIẾT LẠI CÂU: • Xác định loại câu (trực tiếp, gián tiếp, chủ động, bị động…), mục đích, ý nghĩa câu • Xác định chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, loại động từ (Động từ thường, động từ tobe hay động từ tính thái • Xác định động từ, thể động từ (chủ động hay bị động) • Tìm cấu trúc tương đương, cụm từ tương đương, hay loại từ khác chúng, hay thành ngữ có nghĩa tương ứng • Viết lại câu, ý dấu câu II CÁC DẠNG CÂU HAY GẶP VỚI BÀI VIẾT LẠI CÂU • Direct – indirect • Active – passive • Conditionals • Inversion • Idioms • Phrasal verbs • Noun clauses, adverb clauses, adjective relative clauses • Subjunctive mood • Similar structures III CÂU VIẾT LẠI KÈM ĐÁP ÁN VÀ GIẢI THÍCH CÂÚ TRÚC CHI TIẾT (PHẦN – câu 1-50) 1.He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late (Cấu trúc object to sth/ doing sth: Phản đối điều gì/ làm gì)  He was annoyed because his secretary came to work late He was annoyed about his secretary's coming to work late (Anh ta khó chịu thư ký làm muộn.) I hadn't expected to win that scholarship (Tôi không hy vọng, mong đợi giành học bổng đó.)  It came as a surprise to me to win that scholarship Cấu trúc come as a surprise>< come as no surprise (Giành học bổng thật điều ngạc nhiên với tớ.) you may have a heart attack if you are obese (May + V: đoán cho việc có khả xảy ra) You run a risk of having a heart attack if you are obese Cấu trúc: Run a risk of doing sth: Có nguy (Bạn có nguy bị bệnh tim bạn béo phì.) He talked about nothing except the weather in his first date (Anh ta chẳng nói điều ngoại trừ thời tiết buổi hẹn hò mình) His sole topic/ subject (of the conversation) in his first date was the weather Chủ đề nói chuyện anh buổi hẹn hò thời tiết In the end, I felt that I had been right to leave the club (Cuối thấy rời khỏi câu lạc bộ) I had no regrets about leaving/ having left the club (Tôi không hối tiếc rời câu lạc bộ) We couldn’t find the cat anywhere (nowhere)  The cat is nowhere to be found STH + BE + NOWHERE TO BE FOUND: KHÔNG TÌM THẤY Ở BẤT CỨ CHỖ NÀO CẢ He wasn’t to blame for the accident  It isn’t his fault for the accident (Vụ tai nạn lỗi anh ta.) Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him WITHOUT  Mr Bill couldn’t manage/ was not able to repair the garage roof without his neighbor’s help (Bill sửa mái che gara mà trợ giúp hàng xóm mình.) Without + N/ V_ing: mà Nobody is infallible (Không không mắc lỗi cả.) MISTAKES  Everyone can make mistakes (MAKE MISTAKES: mắc lỗi.) 10 The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul TOOK The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul (Thế vận hội Olympic cuối diễn Hàn Quốc.) TAKE PLACE: DIỄN RA 11 In the next few years we’ll probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution LIKELY  In the next few years, we’ll be likely to hear a lot more about environmental pollution S + WILL BE LIKELY + TO V: CÓ KHẢ NẲNG LÀ SẼ (KHẢ NĂNG SẼ XẢY RA TRONG TƯƠNG LAI) 12 I only recognized him when he came into the light  Not until he came into the light did I recognize him Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với cụm từ “not until + mệnh đề + Trợ ĐT + S + V 13 We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money  If it hadn’t been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed Câu điều kiện loại (sự việc thật QK); If it hadn’t been for: không nhờ có 14 I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back  Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back Đảo ngữ: Vừa mới… thì… 15 While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time  Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng Despite + N 16 I’m sorry I missed Professor Baker’s lecture  I’m sorry not to have heard/attended Pro Baker’s lecture To be + ADJ + to have done sth: Nói việc khứ  I am sorry for not attending/ not having attended Possessor Baker’s lecture Xin lỗi không làm (việc xảy QK) 17 We may not be able to give the concert  The concert may have to be cancelled May + V: đoán cho việc tương lai 18 I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test Came as no surprise to sbd: Không có ngạc nhiên 19 We’d better leave them a note, because it’s possible they’ll arrive later (case)  We’d better leave them a note in case they arrive later In case + clause: Phòng khi; in case of + N 20 He speaks German extremely well (command)  He has an excellent command of German Have a good/ an excellent command of + N: Giỏi, xuất sắc 21 I can’t afford a new dress, that old blue one will have to (make)  I can’t afford a new dress I’ll (have) to make with that old blue one MAKE DO WITH STH: phrasal verb: Đành chấp nhận (và điều này, không làm người nói thỏa mãn cho lắm, không lựa chọn khác) 22 One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race  One runner was so exhausted (that) he couldn’t/was unable to complete the last lap of the race CẤU TRÚC: S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO V: Quá …để làm S+ BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE: Quá…đến nỗi… 23 My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known  I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (was) Mẹ người tốt bụng mà biết  Tôi chưa gặp người tốt bụng mẹ 24 They never made us anything we didn’t want to  We were never made to anything we didn’t want to CẤU TRÚC: MAKE SBD DO STH  BỊ ĐỘNG: SBD + BE + MADE + TO DO STH: BUỘC AI LÀM GÌ  AI ĐÓ BỊ BUỘC LÀM GÌ 25 The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister Had it not been for the death of the PM the bill would have been passed/got through CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3): HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR + N: NẾU KHÔNG PHẢI VÌ 26 It is quite pointless to complain There’s no point in complaining CẤU TRÚC: THERE’S NOT POINT (IN) DOING STH: KHÔNG CÓ ÍCH KHI LÀM GÌ 27 There is no way that young man can achieve success in this test  That young man is bound to fail in this test CẤU TRÚC: S + TO BE + BOUND + TO DO STH: CHẮC CHẮN 28 Although the dog appeared harmless, it was, in fact, quite dangerous (contrary)  Contrary to (its) (harmless) appearance, the dog was in fact quite dangerous CONTRARY TO STH: NGƯỢC LẠI, TRÁI VỚI 29 This hotel is inaccessible in winter (possible)  It’s not possible to get to/to reach this hotel in winter TO BE + ADJ + TO DO STH INACCESSIBLE: KHÔNG TIẾP CẬN ĐƯỢC = REACH SWH 30 As far as I know he is still working in Bristol (knowledge)  To (the best of) my knowledge, he is still working in Bristol TO THE BEST OF SOMEONE’S KNOWLEDGE = AS FAR AS I KNOW: NHƯ TÔI ĐƯỢC BIẾT 31 The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer  Only after a new pay offer did the workers call off the strike CẤU TRÚC ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CỤM TỪ ONLY AFTER + N/ CLAUSE + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V:CHỈ SAU KHI/ SAU… THÌ … 32 He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery He received a sentence of six months for his part in the robbery  He received a six- month sentence for his part in the robbery SENTENCE ÁN TÙ: ANH TA NHẬN ÁN TÙ THÁNG (ĐÓNG VAI TRÒ TÍNH TỪ, KHÔNG CÓ S TRONG CÂU THỨ 2)… 33 You can eat as much as you like for 5$ at the new lunch-bar There is no limit/restriction to how much you eat at the new lunch-bar AS MUCH AS YOU LIKE: NHIỀU NHƯ BẠN MUỐN, TỨC LÀ ĂN BAO NHIÊU CŨNG ĐƯỢC = KHÔNG HẠN CHẾ 34 She wore a hearing-aid, even though she could hear the phone ring perfectly well  She wasn’t so deaf/hard of hearing that she couldn’t hear the phone CẤU TRÚC: S + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE: QUÁ …ĐẾN NỖI… 35 You will never meet anyone more generous than Mrs Jones Mrs Jones is the most generous person you will/could ever meet/ (be likely) to meet 36 My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year  I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year CẤU TRÚC: LET SBD DO STH: ĐỂ AI LÀM GÌ = SBD + BE ALLOWED TO DO STH: AI ĐÓ ĐƯỢC PHÉP LÀM GÌ 37 It was his incompetence which led to their capture  If he hadn’t been so incompetent they wouldn’t have been captured CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI CHUYỂN TỪ CỤM DANH TỪ SANG TÍNH TỪ: IF + S + HAD + V(PII), S + WOULD + HAVE DONE STH 38 I’m certainly not going to give you any more money  I have no intention of giving you any more money S + HAVE NO INTENTION OF DOING STH: KHÔNG CÓ Ý ĐỊNH LÀM GÌ 39 I don’t think there will be any applicants for this post (likelihood)  There is little/no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post THERE IS (ADJ) + LIKELIHOOD THAT S + WILL + V: CÓ KHẢ NĂNG ĐIỀU GÌ SẼ… 40 It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news (hardly)  Susan could hardly believe the good news COULD HARDLY BELIEVE: KHÓ TIN VÀO, HARDLY MANG NGHĨA PHỦ ĐỊNH: GẦN NHƯ KHÔNG 41 Our hotel booking hasn’t been confirmed  We haven’t received confirmation of/about our hotel booking (yet) CÂU CHUYỂN TỪ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG ĐỘNG TỪ  DANH TỪ: CONFIRM (V)  CONFIRMATION: SỰ XÁC NHẬN, THÔNG THƯỜNG ĐẶT VÉ, PHÒNG CẦN ĐƯỢC XÁC NHẬN LẠI CHỖ, VÉ CHO KHÁCH 42 The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered next Wednesday  According the salesman my new car would/will be delivered next Wednesday ACCORDING TO SBD/ STH: THEO AI/ NGUỒN NÀO 43 It’s not certain that Jones will get the job  It is open to question (as to) whether Jones will get the job S+ BE + OPEN TO QUESTIONS TO WHETHER+ CLAUSE: VIỆC LIỆU… LÀ ĐÁNG NGỜ, CHƯA CHẮC CHẮN 44 Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made  No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ: NO SOONER + HAD + S + V(PII) THAN + S + V (ED): VỪA MỚI…THÌ… 45 As I get older, I want to travel less  The older I get the less I want to travel SO SÁNH KÉP: THE + SO SÁNH HƠN + S V, THE + SO SÁNH HƠN + S V: CÀNG …CÀNG … 46 A house in that district will cost you at least 100,000$  You won’t be able to buy/get a house in that district for less than/under $100.000 BUY STH FOR + AMOUNT OF MONEY: MUA CÁI GÌ VỚI BAO NHIÊU TIỀN 47 Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness  Alan’s illness was caused by/brought about/due to/the result of his working too hard at the office DIỄN ĐẠT NGUYÊN NHÂN KẾT QUẢ: N1 (KẾT QUẢ) + BE CAUSED BY + N2 (NGUYÊN NHÂN) N1 (NGUYÊN NHÂN) + LEAD TO + N2 (HẬU QUẢ) 48 Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him  Without the help of his neighbor, Mr Bill would/could not/never have repairted the garage roof  Without his neighbor’s help, … MANAGE TO DO STH: XOAY SỞ LÀM ĐƯỢC VIỆC GÌ, THÀNH CÔNG LÀM VIỆC GÌ WITHOUT + N: (NẾU) KHÔNG NHỜ/ KHÔNG CÓ … THÌ… 49 Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test  As long as you (can) keep/stay calm, you will/should/ought to pass your driving test AS LONG AS: MIỄN LÀ, THAY THẾ CHO TỪ IF TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 50 Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill  No sooner had he been/was he appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ: NO SOONER + HAD + S + V(PII) THAN + S + V (ED): VỪA MỚI…THÌ… Good luck to you! “Be a student as long as you still have something to learn, and this will mean all your life.” – Henry L Doherty