* Terminators Group Technical writing is the style of business memos, professional reports, and scientific journal articles * Terminators Group Trần Thu Trang Trịnh Thi Thu Trang Đỗ Thị Ngọc Bích Enkhbayar Batsukh Đặng Minh Sơn Nguyễn Vân Anh Vũ Bích Ngọc Trần Thị Huế Vũ Tuấn Tài Phan Lâm Tùng Nguyễn Quang Văn * * Formal * Use of interviews and quotations varies considerably by field * Conveys facts * Indicate the likely results of particular works shop * * The Introduction The body of the work The conclusion The literature – cited section * Introduction A transition toward the main body of the document It should take an uninformed reader from a level of zero-knowledge to a level in which the reader is able to understand the main body of the document * Using techniques such as dialogue, flashback, description, inner thoughts, and jumping right into the action * Follow the Outline * Use Heading & Subheadings * Structure brief & concise paragraphs * * The conclusion should be a paragraph, maybe two, that attempts to synthesize the content and broaden the scope of your essay * A good Conclusion logically follow the Introduction * * Bibliography A listing of books and articles you have used, or consulted, for methodological issues References A listing of books and articles you have used, or consulted, for methodological and non-methodological issues Must follow the Harvard Referencing Style http://library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/harvard.pdf * General in-text citations Footnotes Literature- cited citations Scientific names Common names * Double-space papers Use 12 point, Times - Roman font Use pagination ( the cover page isn’t paginated ) Use headings and subheadings * • For one author: “blah blah” (Smith 1980) “blah blah”( U.S Forest Service 2000) blah blah (Weirdwebsitebusiness, Inc.2003) blah blah (Weirdsiteowner, Inc.nd) • For two authors: blah blah(Smith and Jones 1980) • For more authors : blah blah(Smith et al 1980) • For an organization or agency, use abbreviation and year: NRDC 2004, EPA 2001 • For a lesser known organization, name and the year: Sycamore land Trust 2003 • Many citations: (Smith 1980, Jones et al.1985, Joaquin 1993) • Same author: (Smith 1980,1982; Jones 1984; Jones et al 1985, Joaquin 1995, 1997) • Multiple citation for an author in the same year: (Smith et al 1990a, 1990b) • For quotations: in natural science, quotations are used rarely When using, note page (Smith 1990, p.976) • If quoting from website, certainly that it has the URL * Not typical used in the natural science, but used commonly in social sciences and in law * Journals Books Chapters or sections in books Authored agency document Agency-authored document For web publications References within a reference Many references within a reference * • Italics or underlined • The first letter of the genus is capitalized • Always spell out the entire name • If don’t know precisely: use sp (one species), • Abbreviations are not italicized : Typha spp E.g., Oxyloma haydeni - may abbreviate by O haydeni spp (several species) * • Default style is as an unbiased, technical professional, but not stiff • Use - concise, accurate, writing; good explanatory flow • Avoid: colloquialism anthropomorphism content - free sentences quantity-free or direction-free words cosmic filler excessive quoting intrusive writer using names of references closing * Photo: searchterm com Photo: testfail.co m Photo: Canstock.com Photo: benlocker.com uk * Grammar check: i.e., maintain tense of sentences within a paragraph; spell out numbers at the beginning of a sentence; subject-verb agreement * DO cite site sight * DO proofreading * DO check parallel construction * DO use active construction * * Bolding: Headers * Italic: Scientific names * Punctuation: semi-colon and colon, i.e., e.g., et al * Capitalization: only for PROPER NOUNS * * DON’T start the sentence and paragraph with “there”, “this”, “that”, ”these” * DON’T use “it is obvious/ clear that…” * DON’T use “nearly”, “almost”, etc Be precise * DON’T use verbs that recently were nouns: impact, update,… * DON’T be wordy