Countable Nouns Countable Nouns (Danh từ đếm được) - Countable nouns are nouns that we can count They have both singular and plural forms We usually form the plural by adding an –s/ -es to the end of a noun (Danh từ đếm có hình thức số [singular] số nhiều [plural], thường hay thêm –s – es vào danh từ để tạo thành số nhiều) Examples: SINGULAR A chair An apple A watch A dish A box kiss bus tomato quiz PLURAL Two chairs Some apples Many watches Two dishes Three boxes kisses buses tomatoes Quizzes - ES: Nouns ending with –CH, -SH, -S, -SS, -X, -Z, -O (Những danh từ tận chữ –CH, -SH, -S, -SS, -X, vài danh từ tận –Z –O thêm –ES để tạo thành số nhiều) - Nouns ending with consonant + Y → change Y into I + ES (Danh từ tận phụ âm + Y→ chuyển Y thành I thêm ES) Examples: baby → babies, butterfly → butterflies, lady → ladies, story → stories - Nouns ending with vowel + Y → still keep Y + S (Danh từ tận nguyên âm + Y → giữ nguyên Y thêm S) Examples: play → plays, toy → toys, boy → boys, day → days - Some nouns that end in –O add –ES to form the plural (Một số danh từ tận –O thêm –ES để tạo thành số nhiều) Examples: potato → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes, echo → echoes, hero → heroes - Most of nouns ending in –O add –S to form the plural (Đa số danh từ tận –O thêm –S để tạo thành số nhiều) Page of Examples: kangaroo → kangaroos, kilo → kilos, memo → memos, photo → photos, piano → pianos, studio → studios, zoo → zoos - Some nouns that end in –f or –fe are changed into –ves to form the plural (Một số danh từ tận –f –fe chuyển thành –ves để tạo số nhiều.) Examples: calf → calves, knife → knives, leaf → leaves, life → lives, self → selves, shelf → shelves, thief → thieves, wolf → wolves - Some nouns that end in –ef, -ff, -oof simply add –s to form the plural (Một số danh từ tận –ef, -ff, -oof cần thêm –s vào sau danh từ để tạo thành số nhiều.) Examples: belief → beliefs, chief → chiefs, cliff → cliffs, roof → roofs, proof → proofs - Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms They are: (Một số danh từ có hình thức số số nhiều giống nhau) • • • Some kinds of animals and fish: one deer – two deer, one fish – two fish (sometimes fishes is possible but rarely used), one sheep – two sheep, one shrimp – two shrimp E.g: A sheep is grazing in the field Some sheep are grazing in the field The words aircraft, spacecraft, hovercraft E.g: A hovercraft was approaching the port Three hovercraft were approaching the port Some nouns ending in –s: crossroads, means, series, species, etc E.g: English is considered as a means of communication in the world There are many kinds of means of transport in Ho Chi Minh City - Irregular plural nouns: (một số danh từ bất quy tắc) SINGULAR Man Woman Child Ox Foot Tooth Goose Mouse Louse PLURAL men women children oxen feet teeth geese mice lice - Some other irregular plural forms (normally these English words are borrowed from other languages) Page of (Một số hình thức danh từ bất quy tắc khác, chủ yếu từ từ tiếng Anh vay mượn từ ngôn ngữ khác) (a) Criterion → criteria Phenomenon → phenomena (b) Cactus → cacti / cactuses Fungus → fungi Nucleus → nuclei Stimulus → stimuli Syllabus → syllabi / syllabuses (c) Appendix → appendices / appendixes Index → indices / indexes (d) Analysis → analyses Basis → bases Crisis → crises Hypothesis → hypotheses Oasis → oases Parenthesis → parentheses Thesis → theses (e) Bacterium → bacteria Curriculum → curricula Datum → data Medium → media Memorandum → memoranda Page of COUNTABLE NOUNS: • • Can take both singular and plural verbs E.g: The student is studying in the library (singular verb) The students are studying in the library (plural verb) Always go with articles (A/An/The), possessive adjectives (your, our, their, his, her, its) and • demonstrative adjectives (This/That/These/Those) E.g: A friend in need is a friend indeed An apple a day Can I borrow your book? These tips are very helpful Can be used alone or with quantifiers (lượng từ) (some, many, few, a few, a lot of, etc) in the plural form E.g: I love reading science books I need to buy some apples to make a pie Page of