4 Departure As yet, you have not had time to put in place your own organisation for running the department, so you will have to go along with what already exists and tweak the system as you go along 4.1 ETD When are we sailing Chief? The first thing to is establish an ETD This will normally come from the shore terminal and will be their idea of when they will complete the cargo based on the cargo discharge or load figures I said 'idea' for, as you know, this is only what it can be It is not unheard of for a ship to be advised of a specific time for completion only to suddenly be advised that completion will now be several hours earlier or later Later is no problem but earlier is far more difficult, particularly if stores or repairs have been arranged on the previously advised time or crew have been granted extended leave 15 Probably finish at half past Consider very carefully the ETD that you are given Look at your own cargo figures and see if they make sense Then call the agent and see what he has heard He will usually get his ETD from the same cargo source as you do, so not expect this to be very different, but at least you are doing all you can Once the time is given the prudent Chief Officer will deduct a few hours to make it an earlier time and make all aware of this as the presently advised ETD For some strange reason, everyone forgets the word 'estimated' in ETD and, should this suddenly become earlier and they are inconvenienced, it becomes 'you told me this or that time' as if you gave it to them cast in stone You must live with this As completion approaches, frequently update the ETD as is appropriate Ensure that the gangway board is clearly marked with the ETD and have shore leave expire at least hours ahead of this time This way you might actually have all the crew onboard in plenty of time, without having to sweat it out as the departure approaches 4.2 Departure Day It is to be hoped that you will awake without having been too much disturbed during the night, as you will not be getting much rest today Once again you will want the latest ETD, and this should now be fairly close to reality Pass this directly to: • • • • The Captain the Chief Engineer the Chief Steward (if you have one) the Bosun Ensure that the gangway board is updated, once again keeping a few hours up your sleeve for shore leave expiry 4.3 Trim You will have calculated the trim required by the Master and the ship should now be almost on these marks Next ensure that the ship is upright with no list 4.4 Cargo Completion The last few hours of cargo work are generally when things go wrong Everyone is in a hurry If on a liner schedule, such as would be the case with a container vessel, you are working to deadlines On all other types of vessels the ports will want you clear as soon as possible There are other ships waiting for your berth and the charterers or owners will no doubt want you in the next port as soon as possible If you are loading a homogeneous cargo, ensure that the last of it is watched and stowed with the same level of care as the previously loaded items If lashing is required, ensure that this is done properly, not hurriedly It is better to sail a little late but with the cargo properly stowed and lashed Ensuro lashings are socure 17 At this stage in the proceedings, on a number of occasions, I reluctantly had to delay the sailing of the ship as I was not satisfied with the securing of the cargo or with the trimming of the holds As the Chief Officer, and being directly responsibly for the cargo, you must keep the Master advised of the situation Sometimes it is wise to get to him first with your problem as, without doubt, as soon as you state that you are not satisfied others will be hotfooting it to his cabin with their complaints You could have a pile of cargo papers waiting to be signed, last stability calculations to and a draught survey to complete Therefore, you depend to a great extent on your officers overseeing the decks in these last hours Your OOW should be out on deck seeing the last of the cargo stowed and secured, hatch coamings cleared and hatches battened down, hoses disconnected and all the other tasks undertaken that go with cargo completion You must ensure that, regardless of the time: • • • The same attention to cargo is given in these last hours as was given in the first the stowage and condition are checked, with any doubts on the OOW's part brought to your attention the safety regulations are followed by both ship and shore workers Experience shows that this is the time when shortcuts are made and accidents happen Your ETD will be of no consequence in any court of enquiry On completion of cargo you will have your draught checks to make On large vessels this will have to be completed by boat, provided by the terminal Don't Last minute checks last minute damagel 18 forget to take the draughts properly with a mean of the highs and lows in choppy waters Also ensure that the density of the harbour water is checked again as this changes frequently with the tides The requirements for securing the cargo operations of the ship depend entirely on the type of ship and the cargo carried The most difficult requirements are for the closing up of bulk carriers, where the hatch coamings have to be cleared of cargo residue, the hatch tops closed and the same secured with cleats There will usually be only two hatches remaining, but this can still take time The lashings on the hatch top have to be given a final check, particularly those forward Deck cargo, and heavy lifts in particular, must also be given a final check If discharging, the last hatches should be checked for stevedore damage, particularly if heavy grabs have been used This is not easy on very large vessels because the ship's staff cannot get very high in the holds It takes several hours to the job properly and few parties will allow the time necessary 4.5 Bridge Equipment If the ship has been in port for some time, ensure that the crew wash down the bridge wings, dodgers and windows ready for sea In very cold climates with temperatures below freezing, ensure that the heaters are all on If the windows aren't heated, de-icing should be used on these and on the decks outside Ensure that the Second Officer has been given sufficient time to prepare the passage plan for departure The OOW will test gear prior to sailing and there should be a checklist for these items When these have been completed, the pilot card can be made up All clocks should be synchronised The Officer testing the bridge equipment should report directly to the Master and then to yourself that all the equipment is tested and in order 4.6 Testing Engines Engines should be tested in good time before sailing to allow time for dealing with any problems or to give ample warning of any delay to the port authorities The timing of this should be coordinated between the Chief Engineer and yourself as oach department will have its own priorities Prior to testing engines: • • • • Ensure that the stern is clear check that the lines are tight check that the terminal has been advised and that all the loaders and dischargers are stopped if they are at risk of damage by any movement of the ship check that the gangway is lifted clear of any obstructions ashore that could cause damage due to the ship's movement 19 4.7 Stowaway Search Once each area has been searched it must be secured Areas of the ship that are still being worked will have to wait until the shore labour is clear before they can be searched The accommodation and engine room will also have to be included in the search pattern Include all crew cabins in this, not just because a stowaway might have slipped into a cabin, but because it is not unknown for crew to smuggle stowaways onboard, particularly on short sea passages such as in the Northern European area The stowaway search is not something that can be done in a few minutes by a couple of the crew It will involve most of the crew and officers so allow time for this to be done properly Once the stowaway search is completed, this should be reported to the Captain If any stowaways are found during the search they must be handed over to the appropriate authorities 20 4.8 Crew Onboard At the expiry of the shore leave time, you should receive reports from the Chief or Second Engineer, the Chief Steward and the Bosun, that all crew are onboard If there is anyone missing the Master must be informed immediately He will then decide what to Generally, if there are still some hours to go, he will wait and see In the meantime, get the Bosun to find out when the missing person or persons went ashore and where they might be Do you ever get that 'delayed' feeling? If after a further hour they are still missing, once again report to the Master in order that he can relay this to the agent If they are still missing with one hour to go, then have their belongings packed ready to be landed 4.9 Securing for Sea What follows should be the normal procedures for seafarers on any ship about to proceed to sea However, if you have just joined you will not know the abilities of your crew, the customs of the ship or what has been happening during the port stay, so some of it may not be relevant Stow for a hurricane unless you are just port hopping in known perfect weather conditions Even then the unexpected always seems to happen 21 Ahh a nice cruise down the coast Some years ago, a colleague of mine was sailing out of Marseilles in summer, making a short voyage down the coast of Spain to Barcelona The night after he sailed a storm blew up and he started taking very heavy seas over his decks His deck cargo of heavy pipes shifted and he took a heavy list The last that was heard of them was when he advised the situation on the VHF and said that they were abandoning ship in the liferafts Two days later, three bodies were recovered in one of the rafts The pipes were stowed and lashed with just chains and no side bolstering fitted, which would have stopped the pipes from shifting Check that all cranes and derricks are lowered into their housings and that davits are secure, with the boats stowed up and tight in the davits If stores have been taken, have the lockers checked to ensure they are secure, particularly the paint locker The foc'sle is a notorious dumping ground onboard, with crew going in and out for various items, so check that all items in this space are secure If oil drums are placed on deck, ensure they are placed on dunnage or gratings and are well lashed and not rubbing against each other Ensure that all the hoses to the shore have been disconnected Finally, after a search to ensure that all shore labour has left the vessel, the final hold hatches and deck doors are to be closed and battened down Now you can report to the Captain that the vessel is secured for sea The agent will probably still be with the Captain so the gangway will have to be left down until his departure 22 Find out whether the pilot is boarding by shore or boat and, if by boat, have the pilot ladder or combination ladder rigged ready and clean with someone standing by to receive him and escort him to the bridge 4.10 Departure The procedures of unmooring should be familiar to you regardless of the ship It is important that you realise you are there in a supervisory capacity, regardless of how few crew you have The idea of you being the officer is that you stand back, give the orders and see that they are carried out in a safe manner You cannot this properly if you are driving the windlass or heaving on a rope Be careful of this one Mooring accidents are common and if it can be shown that you were not properly controlling the operation, it is your neck in the chopping block Normally, if the Chief Officer is not on the bridge for stations, he is on the foc'sle When unmoored, and if tugs are still fast, keep well clear of the lines When you are ordered to let the tugs go, if you have tug lines ensure that the lines are slack before letting go and see that they are lowered to the tug rather than just letting them run freely The tug will often be directly under the foc'sle and, if lines are let run, could fall onto tug crew below If they are your lines, be careful All too often the order to let go goes to the tug before you, so the line is released while tension is still on, causing spring back Be wary of these dogs of war When clearing the port, you will generally stow your ropes away and ensure that those on the drums are tight and well lashed and covered However, if you are only making a short voyage in good weather and you feel it unnecessary, check with the Captain Under no circumstances should you leave the ropes out without his knowledge 23 As the ship approaches the outward channel, be wary of the speed of the ship and the sea state You will notice sea state before the bridge, particularly at night, and if the ship is increasing speed into a high swell it is better to advise them sooner rather than later Every year a number of seafarers are killed on the foc'sle by being swept by seas in exactly such a situation Meanwhile, as it takes a little time for the effects of slowing down to be seen, clear the foc'sle and have your men move back or stood down The Captain may want to keep the anchors cleared away if proceeding in coastal waters This is sensible, but find out if he wants them 'in gear' or 'out of gear' I always prefer 'in gear' as it ensures they are not going to run and will only take a short while to disengage, However, if he wants them out of gear, ensure that the brake is screwed up very tightly and that the bars are down Make sure that the anchors are hove tightly up into the pipes Clanging from a loose fluke striking the hull, apart from the damage it may cause, can be heard throughout the ship As the poop deck crew will be free well before those forward, I suggest that they be used to check the open decks, clearing any loose rubbish left behind by shore workers or cargo debris that can blow around Check on the securing of ship's equipment such as gangways and pilot ladders You may well require to have the crew finish securing the hatches because, while no ship should sail without these being properly secured, there are times when they are half secured and then fully secured as the ship proceeds to sea You should never proceed to sea with your holds open and, if ordered to so, it must be construed as an illegal order More about that later If the anchors are to be secured this takes more time, so as the ship proceeds out into deeper waters watch the speed and swell When the anchors are secured, advise the bridge and wait to be stood down There are times when you might want to remind the bridge that you are still there Finally, make sure that the foc'sle weather doors are secured and that the lights are off Ensure that the bridge has the deck lights on for you as you return to the accommodation 24