Doc 9731-AN/958 IAMSAR Manual INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL Volume II MISSION CO-ORDINATION 2007 Edition incorporating 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 amendments IMO/ICAO London/Montréal, 2007 Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General Orders should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance in U.S dollars or in the currency of the country in which the order is placed Customers are encouraged to use credit cards (MasterCard, Visa or American Express) to avoid delivery delays Information on payment by credit card and by other methods is available in the Ordering Information Section of the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids International Civil Aviation Organization Attention: Document Sales 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This edition printed in Canada by ICAO ISBN 92-9194-925-6 ICAO PUBLICATION ICAO sales number: 9731P2 Copyright © IMO/ICAO 2007 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization or the International Civil Aviation Organization Foreword The primary purpose of the three volumes of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual is to assist States in meeting their own search and rescue (SAR) needs, and the obligations they accepted under the Convention on International Civil Aviation, the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) These volumes provide guidelines for a common aviation and maritime approach to organizing and providing SAR services States are encouraged to develop and improve their SAR services, co-operate with neighbouring States, and to consider their SAR services to be part of a global SAR system Each IAMSAR Manual volume is written with specific SAR system duties in mind, and can be used as a stand-alone document, or, in conjunction with the other two Volumes, as a means to attain a full view of the SAR system The Organization and Management volume (volume I) discusses the global SAR system concept, establishment and improvement of national and regional SAR systems, and co-operation with neighbouring States to provide effective and economical SAR services; The Mission Co-ordination volume (volume II) assists personnel who plan and co-ordinate SAR operations and exercises; and The Mobile Facilities volume (volume III) is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircraft, and vessels to help with performance of a search, rescue, or on-scene co-ordinator functions, and with aspects of SAR that pertain to their own emergencies This Manual is published jointly by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization It has been updated from the first edition by including the amendments that were adopted by the seventy-fourth session of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee in June 2001 (which entered into force on July 2002), amendments adopted by the seventy-fifth session in May 2002 (which apply as from July 2003), amendments adopted by the seventy-seventh session in June 2003 (which apply as from July 2004), amendments adopted by the seventy-eighth session in February 2004 (which apply as from July 2005), amendments adopted by the eightieth session in May 2005 (which apply as from June 2006) and amendments adopted by the eighty-first session in May 2006 (which apply as from June 2007) Mission Co-ordination Chapter presents an overview of the SAR system concept, including what is involved in providing SAR services, and why such services are required and beneficial The SAR system is examined from a global, regional, and national perspective Key components of the SAR system, such as rescue co-ordination centres (RCCs), operational and support facilities and the on-scene co-ordinator (OSC), are discussed Chapter focuses primarily on SAR communications topics These include distress communications, emergency beacons, communications for SAR operations and a variety of communications and safety systems related to or used by the SAR system Chapter introduces the five stages through which responses to SAR incidents typically progress, describes the three emergency phases (Uncertainty, Alert, and Distress) and the first two stages (Awareness and Initial Action) in detail, and provides additional valuable guidance for the early stages of a SAR incident Chapter contains a detailed discussion of the theory and practice of search planning It presents a complete yet practical application of search theory to the SAR search planning problem It provides guidance for balancing the conflicting goals of covering large areas with limited facilities or using those facilities to achieve high probabilities of detection in small areas The procedures outlined allow the search planner to determine the optimal area to search so that the chances of success are maximized Chapter discusses search techniques and operations, including search facility selection, assessment of search conditions, search pattern selection for visual, electronic, night and land searches, search sub-area assignments, standard methods for designating and describing search sub-areas, planning of on-scene co-ordination, and finally compiling all this data into an attainable search action plan iii Foreword Chapter describes aspects of rescue planning and operations such as logistics, modes of rescue, care and debriefing of survivors, handling of deceased persons, and certain special requirements involving aircraft crash sites Chapter contains guidance for emergency assistance other than SAR in which the SAR system may become involved Chapter discusses the orderly conclusion of SAR operations The topics covered include closing of SAR cases, suspending search operations, reopening a suspended SAR case, completing final reports, conducting performance improvement reviews and case studies, and archiving SAR case files An extensive set of appendices is provided These contain useful information, forms, checklists, step-by-step procedures, worksheets, and tables and graphs appropriate for daily use by RCC staff iv Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ix Glossary xv Chapter The Search and Rescue System 1.1 System Organization 1-1 1.2 SAR Co-ordination 1-1 1.3 SAR Resources 1-4 1.4 Medical Assistance to Vessels 1-5 1.5 Plans of Operation 1-6 1.6 SAR Operations Stages 1-6 1.7 Mission Documentation 1-8 1.8 Training and Exercises 1-9 1.9 Improving Professionalism 1-13 1.10 Public Relations 1-13 1.11 Computer Resources 1-15 1.12 Decision and Management Support 1-17 Chapter Communications 2.1 Distress Communications 2-1 2.2 Aeronautical Mobile Service 2-1 2.3 Maritime Radio Service 2-3 2.4 Modes of Emission 2-3 2.5 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 2-4 2.6 EPIRBs and ELTs 2-5 2.7 Satellite Communications 2-6 2.8 Vessel–Aircraft Communications 2-7 2.9 Survival and Emergency Radio Equipment 2-8 2.10 Cellular Telephones 2-9 2.11 Special Circumstances 2-10 2.12 Communications for SAR Operations 2-10 2.13 Communication Equipment Identities 2-11 2.14 False Alerts 2-11 2.15 SAR Data Providers 2-11 2.16 RCC and RSC Communications 2-12 2.17 Maritime Radio Telex 2-12 2.18 Inmarsat SafetyNET 2-13 2.19 Radio Telegraph 2-14 2.20 Phonetic Alphabet and Figure Code 2-14 v Contents 2.21 Spoken Emergency Signals and Procedural Words 2.22 On-scene Communications 2-15 2.23 Electronic Positioning 2-15 2.24 Codes, Signals, and Standard Phrases 2-15 2.25 First RCC 2-16 2.26 SAR Operations Communications 2-17 2.27 SAR Operations Messages 2-17 2.28 GMDSS Master Plan 2-20 2.29 Supplemental Capabilities 2-20 2.30 Difficulties in Contacting Vessels 2-20 2.31 Unbarring of Inmarsat SESs by RCCs 2-21 2.32 Radio call signs for aircraft involved in a search and rescue operation 2-21 Chapter Awareness and Initial Action 3.1 General 3-1 3.2 SAR Stages 3-1 3.3 Emergency Phases 3-2 3.4 Awareness Stage 3-3 3.5 Initial Action Stage 3-5 3.6 Designation of the RCC or RSC Responsible for Initiating SAR Action 3-8 3.7 RCC Procedures for Requesting SAR Facilities 3-10 3.8 General Considerations for the SMC 3-10 Chapter Search Planning and Evaluation Concepts 4.1 Overview 4-1 4.2 Evaluating the Situation 4-1 4.3 Estimating the Distress Incident Location 4-3 4.4 Survivor Motion After the Distress Incident 4-6 4.5 Total Probable Error of Position 4-10 4.6 Search Planning and Evaluation Factors 4-11 4.7 Optimal Search Effort Allocation 4-21 4.8 Computer-based Search Planning Aids 4-35 Chapter vi 2-14 Search Techniques and Operations 5.1 Overview 5-1 5.2 Selection of Search Facilities 5-1 5.3 Assessing Search Conditions 5-1 5.4 Selecting Search Patterns 5-4 5.5 Visual Search Patterns 5-6 5.6 Electronic Search Patterns 5-14 5.7 Night Search Patterns 5-17 Contents 5.8 Land Search Patterns 5-20 5.9 Search Object Motion 5-21 5.10 Assignment of Search Sub-Areas to Individual Facilities 5-24 5.11 Designation and Description of Search Sub-Areas 5-27 5.12 Planning On-Scene Co-ordination 5-29 5.13 Search Action Plans 5-30 5.14 Conduct of the Search 5-31 5.15 Briefings 5-31 5.16 Aircraft Search Procedures 5-32 5.17 Surface Facility Search Procedures 5-33 5.18 Search by Land Facilities 5-33 5.19 Debriefing of Search Personnel 5-33 5.20 Continuation of Search 5-33 Chapter Rescue Planning and Operations 6.1 General 6-1 6.2 Sighting and Subsequent Procedures 6-2 6.3 Delivery of Rescue Personnel and Equipment 6-2 6.4 Supplies and Survival Equipment 6-3 6.5 Supply Dropping 6-4 6.6 Medical Personnel 6-5 6.7 Rescue by Aircraft 6-5 6.8 Rescue by Maritime Facilities 6-6 6.9 Rescue by Land Facilities 6-7 6.10 Use of Pararescue Teams 6-7 6.11 Special Requirements at Aircraft Crash Sites 6-8 6.12 Ditching Assistance 6-8 6.13 Rescue of Persons from Inside Damaged, Capsized, or Ditched Craft 6-9 6.14 Underwater Search and Rescue 6-13 6.15 Mass Rescue Operations 6-14 6.16 Care of Survivors 6-21 6.17 Debriefing of Survivors 6-22 6.18 Handling of Deceased Persons 6-22 6.19 Critical Incident Stress 6-23 6.20 Termination of Rescue 6-24 Chapter Emergency Assistance other than Search and Rescue 7.1 General 7-1 7.2 Intercept and Escort Services 7-1 7.3 Safety Information 7-3 vii Contents 7.4 Unlawful Acts 7-3 7.5 Search and Rescue Outside of RCC Responsible Areas 7-3 7.6 Assistance to Property 7-3 7.7 Aerodrome Emergency Plan 7-4 Chapter Conclusion of SAR Operations 8.1 General 8-1 8.2 Closing a SAR Case 8-1 8.3 Suspending Search Operations 8-1 8.4 Reopening a Suspended Case 8-2 8.5 Final Reports 8-3 8.6 Performance Improvement 8-3 8.7 Case Studies 8-3 8.8 Archiving Case Files 8-4 8.9 Incident Debriefings 8-4 Appendices Index viii Appendix A Distress Communications Appendix B Message Formats Appendix C Mass Rescue Operations: Exercises; Industry Roles and Incident Management Appendix D Uncertainty Phase Data Appendix E Alert Phase Data Appendix F Distress Phase Checklist Appendix G Facilities and Equipment Selection Appendix H Operation Briefing and Tasking Forms Appendix I SITREPs and Codes Appendix J Intercepts Appendix K Determining Datum Appendix L Search Planning and Evaluation Worksheets Appendix M Preparing Initial Probability Maps Appendix N Tables and Graphs Appendix O Ship Reporting Systems for SAR Appendix P Functional Characteristics to Consider with Computer-based Search Planning Aids Appendix Q Sample Problem Appendix Q – Sample Problem Average Surface Wind (ASW) Worksheet F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: A A Search Plan: A B C _ Average Surface Wind Surface Wind Data Time of Observation Time Interval Number of Hours (A) Wind Direction (B) Wind Speed (C) Wind Contribution (A  C) 260000Z 2145 0300 – 5.25 175 _8T 32 _kts 168 NM 260600Z 0300 0900 – 6.00 190 _8T 30 _kts 180 NM 261200Z 0900 1500 – 6.00 210 _8T 35 _kts 210 NM 261800Z 1500 1630 – 1.50 205 _8T 37 _kts 55.5 NM – _8T _kts NM – _8T _kts NM – _8T _kts NM – _8T _kts NM Total Hours 18.75 (D) B Vector Sum of Contributions 194 8T (E) Average Surface Wind (ASW) [(E)8T (F/D) kts] 194 8T 594.76 NM (F) 31.72 kts Probable Error Probable Error of the Average Surface Wind (ASWe) 5.0 _kts Probable Error of Drift Velocity due to Probable Error of the Average Surface Wind (ASWDVe) 0.3 _kts Go to Part C on the Datum Worksheet Q Appendix Q – Sample Problem Total Water Current (TWC) Worksheet F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: A A Search Plan: A B C _ Observed Total Water Current (TWC) Source (datum marker buoy (DMB), debris, oil) Observed Set/Drift Probable Error of Observation (TWCe) Go to Part D on the Datum Worksheet B 8T kts kts Computed Total Water Current Tidal Current (TC) a Source (tidal current tables, local knowledge) b Tidal Current (TC) Set/Drift (Attach any tidal current computations) c Probable Error of Tidal Current (TCe) _ 8T kts kts Sea Current (SC) a Source (Atlas, Pilot Chart, etc.) b Sea Current (SC) Set/Drift c Probable Error of Sea Current (SCe) NOOSP NA6 1400 075 _ 8T 0.8 kts 0.3 kts 1.13 kts 0.3 kts Wind Current (WC) (Attach Wind Current Worksheet) a Wind Current (WC) Set/Drift c Probable Error of Wind Current (WCe) 044 _ 8T Other Water Current (OWC) a Source (local knowledge, previous incidents, etc.) b Other Water Current (OWC) Set/Drift c Probable Error of Other Water Current (OWCe) Computed Total Water Current (TWC) Set/Drift Computed Probable Total Water Current ÀError (TWCpe)ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiÁ TWC e ¼ TC e þ SC e þ WC e þ OWC e Go to Part D on the Datum Worksheet _ 057 _ 8T 8T kts kts 1.86 kts 0.42 kts Q Appendix Q – Sample Problem Wind Current (WC) Worksheet F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: A Search Plan: A B C _ Wind Current (WC) 31.72 kts Downwind Direction (ASW direction ± 180o) 014 8T Wind Current Drift (from Figure N-1) 1.13 kts Divergence of Wind Current (from Figure N-1) Wind Current Set (Downwind Direction ± Divergence of Wind Current) (Add Divergence in northern hemisphere, subtract in southern hemisphere) Wind Current (WC) Set/Drift Probable Error of Wind Current (WCe) Go to line B.3 on the Total Water Current (TWC) Worksheet Average Surface Wind (ASW) (From Datum Worksheet, line C.1) Q 194 8T +30 ± 044 8T o 044 8T 1.13 kts 0.3 kts Appendix Q – Sample Problem Leeway (LW) Worksheet F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: A Search Plan: A B C _ Medium displacement fishing vessel Search Object: 31.72 kts Downwind Direction (ASW direction ± 180o) 014 8T Leeway Speed (from Figure N-2 or N-3) 1.3 kts Leeway Divergence Angle (from Figure N-2 or N-3) Leeway Directions Average Surface Wind (ASW) (from Datum Worksheet, line C.1) 194 8T 50 ± o a Left of downwind (line – line 4) 324 8T b Right of downwind (line + line 4) 064 8T Leeway (LW) a Left of downwind 324 8T 1.3 kts b Right of downwind 064 8T 1.3 kts 0.3 kts Probable Leeway Error (LWe) (from Figure N-2 or N-3) Go to Part E on the Datum Worksheet Q Appendix Q – Sample Problem Total Probable Error of Position (E) Worksheet For Land and Marine Environments F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: A A Search Plan: A B C _ Probable Distress Incident/Initial Position Error (X) (Go to line to compute probable error of the distress incident position Go to line if the starting position for this drift interval is a previous datum.) Navigational Fix Error (from Table N-1 or N-2) 2.0 NM Dead Reckoning (DR) Error Rate (from Table N-3) 15 % DR Distance Since Last Fix 184 NM DR Navigational Error (line A.2  line A.3) 27.6 NM Glide Distance (if aircraft/parachute descent heading is unknown) NM Probable Initial Position Error (X) 29.6 (X = line A.1 + line A.4 + line A.5) or (X = Total Probable Error of Position from line H.2 of previous Datum Worksheet) NM B Total Probable Drift Error (De) Drift Interval (from line B.2 of the Datum Worksheet) hours Probable Drift Velocity Error (DVe) (from line F.4 of the Datum Worksheet) kts Total Probable Drift Error (De) (De = line B.1  line B.2) NM Navigational Fix Error (from Table N-1 or N-2) NM Dead Reckoning (DR) Error Rate (from Table N-3) % DR Distance Since Last Fix NM DR Navigational Error (line C.2  line C.3) NM C 18.75 0.6 11.25 Probable Search Facility Position Error (Y) 0.1 0.1and temporal (e.g every * High-resolution data are data on a small spatial (e.g 0.1  0.1 degree or NM  NM at the equator) hours) grid Low-resolution data would be on larger grids (e.g  degree  24 hours or greater) Q Appendix Q – Sample Problem D Probable Search Facility Position Error (Y) (Y = line C.1 + line C.4) Total Probable Error of Position (E) NM 1002.7 31.67 Sum of Squared Errors (E2 ¼ X þ De þ Y ) NM2 Total Probable Error of À ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffiÁ Position p E ¼ X2 þ De2 þ Y NM Q Appendix Q – Sample Problem Total Available Search Effort (Zta) Worksheet F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: 37-48.7 N Datum: (left) Latitude 065-26.3 W Longitude 37-39.6 N Datum (right) Latitude Medium displacement fishing vessel Search Object: A Search Plan: A B C _ 064-40.5 W Longitude 261630Z JAN 2000 Date/Time Total Available Effort Computations A-1 _ C-130 _ 180 _ 3.0 _ 7.5 _ 2.55 _ Search Sub-area Designation Search Facility Assigned Search Facility Speed (V) On-Scene Endurance Daylight Hours Remaining Search Endurance (T) A-2 _ P-3 _ 200 _ 4.0 _ 7.5 _ 3.40 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (T = 85% of lesser of line or above) O 500 1000 _ _ _ _ _ Search Altitude (metres/feet) (circle one) 10 Uncorrected Sweep Width Weather, Terrain Correction Factor Velocity Correction Factor (fv) (fw, ft) 5.0 _ 5.1 _ _ _ _ 0.9 _ 0.9 _ _ _ _ 1.0 _ 1.0 _ _ _ _ (aircraft only) Fatigue Correction Factor 12 13 14 15 4.5 _ 4.6 _ _ _ Corrected Sweep Width (W) _ 2,065.5 3,128 Search Effort (Z = V  T ÂW) _ _ _ _ _ 5,193.5 NM2 Total Available Effort (Zta=Za1+Za2+Za3 + ) 1.18 Separation Ratio (SR) (leeway divergence datums only) (from line H.3 of the Datum Worksheet.) If the separation ratio (SR) on line 15 is greater than four (SR > 4), go to the Widely Diverging Datums Worksheet Otherwise, go to the Effort Allocation Worksheet 16 Q 10 (ff) 1.0 _ 1.0 _ _ _ _ 11 Appendix Q – Sample Problem Effort Allocation Worksheet For Optimal Search of Single Point, Leeway Divergence, or Line Datums F/V SAMPLE 00-001 26 JAN 2000 Case Title: Case Number: _ Date: _ SAR SCHOOL Planner’s Name: _ Datum Number: 37-48.7 N Datum: (left) Latitude 065-26.3 W Longitude 37-39.6 N Datum (right) Latitude Medium displacement fishing vessel Search Object: A Search Plan: A B C _ 064-40.5 W Longitude 261630Z JAN 2000 Date/Time Effort Allocation Computations Available Search Effort (Zta, Za(left), or Za(right)) (from line 14 of the Total Available Search Effort Worksheet or line 5.a or line 5.b of the Widely Diverging Datums Worksheet) Effort Factor (fZ) 5,193.5 _ NM2 a Total Probable Error of Position (E) 31.66 _ NM b Length of Datum Line (L) _ NM c Effort Factor (fZ) (fZp = E2 or fZl = E  L) 1,002.7 _ NM2 Relative Effort (Zr = Za/fZ) 5.18 _ Cumulative Relative Effort (Zrc = Previous Zrc + Zr) 5.18 _ Optimal Search Factor (fs) Optimal Search Radius (Ro = fs  E) 34.83 _ NM Optimal Search Area (Ao) 7,464 _ NM2 Ideal _ X Poor _ a Single Point Datum (Ao =  Ro2) b Leeway Divergence Datums [Ao = (4  Ro2) + (2  Ro  DD)] c Line Datum (Ao =  Ro  L) 1.1 (fs) _ 0.70 _ Optimal Coverage Factor (Co = Za/Ao) Optimal Track Spacing (So = W/Co) 6.45 6.45 10 Nearest Assignable Track Spacing (S) (within limits of search facility navigational capability) 6.5 6.5 11 4420 Adjusted Search Areas (A = V  T  S) 2983.5 12 Total Adjusted Search Area (At = A1 + A2 + A3 + ) 7,403.5 _ NM2 13 Adjusted Search Radius (R) 34.7 _ NM pffiffiffiffi At a Single Point Datum R¼ b Leeway Divergence Datums R¼ c Line Datum At R ¼ 2ÂL pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi DD þð4ÂAt ÞÀDD Q 11 Appendix Q – Sample Problem 14 Adjusted Search Area Dimensions a 107 Length _ Length i) Single Point Datum NM Length =  R ii) Leeway Divergence Datums Length = (2  R) + DD iii) Line Datum Length of the Base Line (Lb) a) No Extensions b) One Extension c) Two Extensions b _ NM Length = Lb Length = R + Lb Length = (2  R) + Lb Width =  R Width 69 _ NM 15 Plot the adjusted search area on a suitable chart (Check when done) _ 16 Divide the adjusted search area into search sub-areas according to the values on line 11 (Check when done) _ 17 Go to the Search Action Plan Worksheet Q 12 Appendix Q – Sample Problem Results of a Monte Carlo Simulation Using the F/V Sample Data for the Alpha Search Monte Carlo Simulation of F/V Sample – Alpha Search Area POC Coverage POD POS 7,343 NM2 70.8% 0.70 50.2% 35.6% Green/light grey dots represent some of the possible initial search object locations Blue/black and red/dark grey dots (nearly indistinguishable if printed in black-and-white) represent some of the possible search object locations at the commence search time There are 500 dots of each colour Only the blue and red dots inside the search rectangle were counted and used to estimate the probability of the search object being in the search area at the commence search time Q 13 Index Note: References in the index are to paragraph numbers 121.5 MHz 1.3, 2.2 123.1 MHz 2.2, 2.8 156.3 MHz 2.3, 2.5 156.8 MHz 1.3, 2.3, 2.5 243.0 MHz 2.2 500 kHz 2.3, 2.19 2182 kHz 2.3, 2.8 3023 kHz 2.2, 2.8, 6.12 4125 kHz 2.2, 2.3, 6.12 5680 kHz 2.2, 2.8 6125 kHz 2.3 ACO 1.2 Aerodrome Emergency Plan 2.11, 7.7 Aeronautical Mobile Service 2.2 air traffic services (see ATS) air-to-ground signals A aircraft 5.3, G.1, G.2 aircraft crash site 6.11, 6.14 alert 1.6, 3.3, 3.5, 7.2, E amphibian 6.7, G.2 (see also aircraft) Amver 1.3, 2.18, G.3 analysis 1.7, 4.2, 8.5 annex 10 of ICAO Convention 1.3 annex 14 of ICAO Convention 7.7 archiving 8.8 ATS 1.3, 1.6, 2.8, 3.4 average surface wind K awareness 1.6, 3.3 (see also SAR stages) briefing 5.15, 5.19 briefing and debriefing 6.16, H case studies 8.7 cellular telephones 2.10 (see also communications) certification 1.8 channel 13 2.5 channel 70 2.5 CIRM 1.4, 2.27 coastal G.4 Code of Standard Phrases for Use Between RCCs and RSCs 2.24, I communication searches 2.27, D communications computer 1.6, 1.11, 4.8 conclusion 1.6 contacting vessels 2.30 (see also communications) contour searches 5.5 (see also search patterns) Cospas–Sarsat 2.6, B coverage factor (C) 4.6 CRS 1.6, 3.4 CS, CSC, CSP 5.5 (see also search patterns) cumulative relative effort 4.6 database 1.10, 2.15 datum 4.3, 4.4, K, L, M, N debriefing 5.15, 5.19 deceased persons 6.17 description 5.11 designation 5.11 DF 2.23, G.2 distress 1.6, 3.3, 3.5, 7.2, F (see also SAR stages) distress 2.1, A (see also communications) distress signals A ditching 6.12 diving 6.13 documentation 1.7 droppable containers and packages 6.4 DSC 2.5 DSC format B effort allocation L EGC 2.5, 2.16 electronic 5.6 ELT 1.3, 2.6, 2.9, 5.6 emergency phases 1.6, 3.3 (see also SAR stages) English language 2.24 environmental factors 3.8, 4.2 EPIRB 2.6, 2.9, 2.15, 5.6 equipment G.6 escort 5.12, 7.2 exercises 1.8 (see also SAR stages) false alert 2.14 first RCC 2.24, 3.6 fixed-wing 5.7, 6.7, G.2 (see also aircraft) flares 3.8, 5.7, A forms 1.7, 1.10 4.6 fs 4.6 fz Geneva Convention 6.1 GLONASS 2.23, G.2 GMDSS 1.3, 2.5 GPS 2.23, G.2 ground-to-air signals A helicopter 5.7, 5.12, 6.7, 7.5, C, G.2 (see also aircraft) Index–1 Index HF 2.2, 2.3 (see also communications) homing 2.6, 2.9, 2.23, 5.6 hypothermia 3.8, N ICAO 1.1 ICS 1.10 IMO 1.1 IMO SAR Plan 2.15 incident debriefings 8.9 infrared 5.7 initial action 1.6, 3.5 Inmarsat 2.6 Inmarsat-C Format B Inmarsat-E EPIRB 2.6 Inmarsat-E Format B intercept 7.2, J.1 International Code of Signals 2.20, 2.24, 6.1 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue 1.1 ITU 1.3, 2.5, 2.15, 2.27 land facilities 6.9, G.5 land search patterns 5.8 leeway 4.4, K, K.3, N local wind current N logs 1.7, 3.4, 3.6 look-out 5.3 lost person D MAREC Code 5.15, I Maritime Radio Service 2.3 mass casualties 6.14, C mass rescue operations (MRO) 6.15, C MAYDAY 2.21 MEDEVAC 1.4, 2.27, 6.15, C, D media 1.10 medical advice 1.4 MEDICO 1.4, 2.27, D message formats B meteorological 5.3, N MF 2.3 (see also communications) MMSI 2.13 mobile facilities 1.8 modes of emission 2.4 Morse Code A MSI 2.5, 7.3 NAVTEX 2.5, 2.17 night search patterns 5.7 nIght vision goggles 5.7 operations 1.6 optimal Search Factor N OS 5.5 (see also search patterns) OSC 1.2, 2.26, 5.4 overdue incident data C, E Index–2 PAN-PAN 2.21 panel signals A parallel sweep 5.5 pararescue 6.10 person overboard D phonetic alphabet 2.20 pictograms 6.4, G.7 planning 1.6 plans of operation 1.5, C PLB 2.9 POC 4.6 POD 4.6, N POS 4.6, 4.7 4.6 POSc position error (X) 4.3 positioning 2.23 possibility area 4.6 possibility sub-area 4.6 probability map 4.6, M procedural words A property 7.6 PS 5.5 (see search patterns) public relations 1.10 radar 5.6 radio alarm 2.3 radio telegraph 2.19 radio telex 2.17 RANP 1.1, 2.2, 2.15 RCC 1.1, 1.8, 2.16, B RCC Chief 1.2, 8.5 RCC Cospas–Sarsat message format RCC–RCC distress alert information relative effort 4.6 relatives 1.10, 8.3 requesting SAR facilities 3.7 rescue action plan 2.27 rescue planning RSC 1.8, 2.16 safety 3.8, 5.12, 5.14 SafetyNET 2.5, 2.18 salving 7.6 SAR co-ordination 1.1 SAR incident data C SAR resources 1.3 SAR stages 1.6, 3.2 SarNET 2.16 SART 2.5 satellite 2.7 SC 1.2 scenario 4.6 SDP 1.3, 1.10, 2.5, 2.15 2.27 2.27 Index seaplane 6.7, G.2 (see also aircraft) search action messages 2.27, L search action plans 2.26, 2.27, 5.1, 5.13 search area 4.6, 5.9, 5.10, N search effort 4.7 search endurance (T) 4.6 search evaluation L search facility position error 4.5 search objects 4.6, 5.3 search patterns 5.4, 5.9, 5.10 search planning 4.1, 4.6, 4.7 search speed 4.6 search sub-areas (V) 4.6, 5.10, 5.11 SECURITY 2.21 selection 5.2, 5.4, G sensors 4.6 SES 2.7, 2.31 ship reporting systems 1.3, G.3, O shoreline 5.5 sighting report H SITREPs 2.27, 8.5, I SMC 1.2, 2.26, 3.8, 5.12, K.1, K.2 SOLAS 1.1, 2.5, G.3 SPOC 2.6 SRR 1.1 SRU 1.2 SS 5.5 (see also search patterns) standard marine navigational vocabulary 2.24 SUBSAR 6.14 (see submarine search and rescue) submarine search and rescue 6.14 supplies and survival equipment 6.2, 6.4 supply dropping 6.5 survival beacon 5.6 survival radio equipment 2.9 suspend 5.20, 8.3, 8.5 sweep width 4.6, 5.3, 5.6, N terminate 5.20, 6.19, 8.2, 8.3 total probable error of position 4.5, K total water current 4.4, K, K.3 track line search 5.5 (see also search patterns) track spacing 4.6, 5.10 training 1.8 TS 5.5 (see search patterns) unbarring 2.31 uncertainty 1.6, 3.3, 3.5, 7.2, D underwater search and rescue 6.14 unlawful acts 7.4 unlawful interference E vessel–aircraft 2.8 (see also communications) VHF 2.2, 2.3 (see also communications) visual 5.5 weather 3.4, 3.8, 4.4, 4.7, D wind current K, K.3 WWNWS 2.17 X N Z 4.6, 4.7 4.6 Zr 4.6 Zrc Index–3 ICAO TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS The following summary gives the status, and also describes in general terms the contents of the various series of technical publications issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization It does not include specialized publications that not fall specifically within one of the series, such as the Aeronautical Chart Catalogue or the Meteorological Tables for International Air Navigation International Standards and Recommended Practices are adopted by the Council in accordance with Articles 54, 37 and 90 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and are designated, for convenience, as Annexes to the Convention The uniform application by Contracting States of the specifications contained in the International Standards is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation while the uniform application of the specifications in the Recommended Practices is regarded as desirable in the interest of safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation Knowledge of any differences between the national regulations or practices of a State and those established by an International Standard is essential to the safety or regularity of international air navigation In the event of non-compliance with an International Standard, a State has, in fact, an obligation, under Article 38 of the Convention, to notify the Council of any differences Knowledge of differences from Recommended Practices may also be important for the safety of air navigation and, although the Convention does not impose any obligation with regard thereto, the Council has invited Contracting States to notify such differences in addition to those relating to International Standards Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) are approved by the Council for worldwide application They contain, for the most part, operating procedures regarded as not yet having attained a sufficient degree of maturity for adoption as International Standards and Recommended Practices, as well as material of a more permanent character which is considered too detailed for incorporation in an Annex, or is susceptible to frequent amendment, for which the processes of the Convention would be too cumbersome Regional Supplementary Procedures (SUPPS) have a status similar to that of PANS in that they are approved by the Council, but only for application in the respective regions They are prepared in consolidated form, since certain of the procedures apply to overlapping regions or are common to two or more regions The following publications are prepared by authority of the Secretary General in accordance with the principles and policies approved by the Council Technical Manuals provide guidance and information in amplification of the International Standards, Recommended Practices and PANS, the implementation of which they are designed to facilitate Air Navigation Plans detail requirements for facilities and services for international air navigation in the respective ICAO Air Navigation Regions They are prepared on the authority of the Secretary General on the basis of recommendations of regional air navigation meetings and of the Council action thereon The plans are amended periodically to reflect changes in requirements and in the status of implementation of the recommended facilities and services ICAO Circulars make available specialized information of interest to Contracting States This includes studies on technical subjects © ICAO 2007 7/07, E/P1/1000 Order No 9731P2 Printed in ICAO [...]... databases, ship reporting systems, and environmental data systems (e.g., weather or sea current) Search and rescue facility Any mobile resource, including designated search and rescue units, used to conduct search and rescue operations Search and rescue incident Any situation requiring notification and alerting of the SAR system and which may require SAR operations Search and rescue liaison officer An officer... Operations, and Mission Conclusion Search and rescue sub-region (SRS) A specified area within a search and rescue region associated with a rescue sub-centre Search and rescue unit (SRU) A unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitable for the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations Search area The area, determined by the search planner, that is to be searched This... short-range aircraft SRR search and rescue region SRS search and rescue sub-region SRU search and rescue unit SS expanding square search SSB single side-band SU search unit SUBSAR submarine search and rescue SURPIC surface picture T search time available T/V ... mission Search and rescue mission co-ordinator (SMC) The official temporarily assigned to co-ordinate response to an actual or apparent distress situation Search and rescue plan A general term used to describe documents which exist at all levels of the national and international search and rescue structure to describe goals, arrangements, and procedures which support the provision of search and rescue. .. in a search and rescue operation Search and rescue co-ordinator (SC) One or more persons or agencies within an Administration with overall responsibility for establishing and providing SAR services, and ensuring that planning for those services is properly co-ordinated Search and rescue data provider (SDP) A source for a rescue co-ordination centre to contact to obtain data to support search and rescue. .. rescue services Search and rescue point of contact (SPOC) Rescue co-ordination centres and other established and recognized national points of contact which can accept responsibility to receive Cospas–Sarsat alert data to enable the rescue of persons in distress Search and rescue region (SRR) An area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue co-ordination centre, within which search and rescue services... promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and for co-ordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue region Note: The term RCC will be used within this Manual to apply to either aeronautical or maritime centres; ARCC or MRCC will be used as the context warrants Rescue sub-centre (RSC) A unit subordinate to a rescue co-ordination centre, established... are provided xxi Glossary Search and rescue service The performance of distress monitoring, communication, co-ordination and search and rescue functions, including provision of medical advice, initial medical assistance, or medical evacuation, through the use of public and private resources, including co-operating aircraft, vessels and other craft and installations Search and rescue stage Typical steps... rescue sub-centre RTG radio telegraphy RV rescue vessel S/S steam ship xii Abbreviations and Acronyms S/V .sailing vessel S track spacing SAR search and rescue Sarsat Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking SART search and rescue transponder SC search. .. information on SAR management responsibilities may be found in the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual on Organization and Management SCs are not normally involved in the conduct of SAR operations 1 1 Chapter 1 – The Search and Rescue System 1.2.3 SAR operations are normally carried out under the direction and supervision of an SMC who is usually the supervisor of the RCC