MOC O O Q U A N TAM C U A THANH NIEN TRI THQC V I C A C VAN D ^ CHINH TRI, XA HOI CUA DAT N U C TS La Thi Thu ThOy Phd Vi^n trudng Viin Tdm ly hot ( T6M IAr Trin ca sd khdo sdi 626 men tri thirc vi miic dd quan tdm cia hp ddi vdi cdc vd'n di chinh Iri kinh le' xd hdi ciia ddt nuifc, kei qud nghiin eiai cho thdy, niin tri Ihiic hicn khd quan tam lin cdc vdn di ndy Ddc bill, nhSng vdn di liin quan din vi thi' eiia Viit Nam trin iritrfng qud'c li', vdn de liin quan den qudc phdng an ninh cua ddt nudc duac hp quan liim han cd vd cd thdi dd khd lich cifc ddi vdi cde x'dn di Tuy nhiin, ne'u xem xet mdt cdch cu the him, mite dd quan tdm di'n ede vdn de chinh tri, xd hdi ciia ddt nudc d ddi ngii ihanh nien li i thitc chua Ihuc sifsdu sdc, ehua thuc sifxudt phdt lUnhu cdu cua bdn thdn hp TU khda: Thanh niin til iliite: thdi dd chinh tri: y thdc chinh in mdc dd quan tdm Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/7/2012; Ngay duyet ddng bdi: 20/8/2012 Nghj quyit Hdi nghj lin thtt bay Ban Chip hinh Trung uong khda X vi lang cucmg su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cdng tac niC-n thdi ky diy manh cdng nghidp hoi, hien dai hda da x:ic dmh, nidn li lire lupng xa hdi lo Idn, mdt nhttng nhin id quan trpng quyit djnh luong lai, van mdnh ciia din idc; la lire lupng chii yeu tren nhiiu ITnh vuc, dam nhidm nhung cdng viec ddi hoi hy sinh, gian khd, sttc khoe vi sing tao Thanh nidn cung la luc lupng xung kich xiy dung va bao ve TO qudc mdi nhiing nhan id quyit djnh su thinh bai ciia su nghidp cdng nghiep hoi, hidn dai hoi da't nudc, hdi nhip qud'c l i va xiy dung chii nghia x.i hdi Trong giai doan cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qudc le hidn thi vm trd ciia ling Idp nien cang cd y nghia quan trpng hon bao gid hit Trong dd khdng thi khdng ki din vai trd ciia nien tri thttc Trong ndi dung bai viit nay, chung tpi di cip din mttc dd quan tim ciia nidn trf thttc vdi mdt sd vin de chinh trj xa hdi cua dii nudc Khao sat duoc liin hanh nam 2011 trdn sd lupng 626 nien tri thttc dang lam viec tai phd: Ha Ndi va Hd Chi Minh 12 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (162), 9-2012 Kit qua khio sit cho Ihiy, diim trung binh ciia itidi mdnh di Ihip nhit li 3,23 vi cao nhii l i 4,21 (vdi Ihang dinh gii diim, Ihip nhkl li 1, cao nhit li 5) da khing djnh, Ihanh nien tri thttc hidn quan lim din cic vin di chinh tri - xa hdi cita dil nudc Dudi diy l i nhttng dinh gii cu thi vi v& di niy Bdng I: Miic dd quan tdm cua niin tri thdc vdi cdc vdn di kinh ti, chinh tri, xdhdi ciia ddt nudc •sil Mt^c dd quan tdm Quan t i m d Khi it milrc quan quan trung tim tim binh DTB D6 lech chuin 30,8 3,90 1,01 41,6 24,5 3,76 1,02 27,4 36,4 25,8 3,72 1,06 9,4 30,9 29,4 24,6 3,58 1,12 3,3 5,4 19,9 44,5 26,9 3,86 0,98 6,0 8,7 28,5 37,8 19,0 3,55 1,07 3,3 10,0 24,8 39,2 22,7 3,68 1,03 7,7 16,4 34,6 27,6 13,7 3,23 1,11 7,0 11,7 38,5 31,8 11,0 3,28 1,03 3.0 10,0 25,2 38,0 23,8 3,70 1,03 4,3 5,4 20,2 38,5 31,6 3,88 1,05 2,3 7,3 27,5 42,0 20,8 3,72 0,95 Cac vdn d£ c^n quan tdm Khdng quan tdm Dinh hudng phdt tri^n kinh i€ xa hOi ciia nudc ta giai doan hi£n 3.4 6,1 19,0 40,7 Quan di^m phdt tri^n kinh i6 xa h6i cua nudc la giai doan 2011 - 2020 4,0 6,8 23,1 5,0 5,4 5,7 Muc tieu chie'n lupc ph5t ni^n kinh v& xa hOi b nudc ta giai doan 2011 -2020 Nang cao hieu luc, hifiu qua quan ly Nha nudc Vi the' cua Viet Nam irfin trudng qu6'c t€ hoSc khu vuc Hoat ddng nudc ciia lanh dao Dang vS Nha nudc Hoat d6ng ddi ngoai cua lanh dao Dang vh Nhi nudc Hoat ddng ciia cac ca'p chinh quy^n dia phucmg Hoat ddng noi chung cua lanh dao cdc nudc tren th^ gidi 10 Hoal ddng cua lanh dao cac nudc tren th^ gidi cd lien quan d^n V4ei Nam 11 Chii truong, chi'nh sdch ciia Dang va Nha nudc lien quan d^n nien ndi chung va nien tri thiJc ndi rieng 12 Hoat ddng xa hdi cua TAP CHiTAM L? HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 13 ^/•"^ nien ndi chung vi nien irl Uiiic ndi rieng 13 Hoal dong nhim I6n vinh tri thiic Ii4 14 Te nan xa hQi uong Uianh thi^u nien 15 Vin d« phit triin khoa hoc, k? thuat, cOnR nshe 16 Vin ii vifc lim vi thu nh&p ciia nien 17 Vin de mOi trudng vi phdt tri^n ben vQnK 18 Vin de gill gin vi phit huy uuyen Ui6ne van h6a d&n lOc 19 Tinh IhSn cOng ddng, tuong than tuong ii ciia ngu6i dan Viet Nam 4,7 6,0 30,4 40,4 18,5 3,62 1,01 1,3 4,0 15,9 46,3 32,4 4,05 0,87 1,0 5,3 21,2 43,8 28,7 3,94 0,89 2,0 2,7 11,5 35,8 48,0 4,25 0,90 2,7 5,0 18,8 41,2 32,3 3,96 0,97 1,7 6,3 24,5 42,2 25,3 3,83 0,93 1,6 57 21,5 45,5 25,7 3,88 0,91 20 va'n de an loin thirc phim 1,7 2,3 16,2 33,3 46,5 4,21 0,91 22 Van de an sinh xi hei 3,0 2,6 20,5 37,2 36,7 4,02 0,91 22 vah ye an ninh qudc phdng 2,3 3,7 16,2 33,7 44,2 4,14 0,97 Ghi chii: Diem trung binh duac tinh theo thang diem 5, dd diem thdp nhdt Id 1, diem cao nhdt la Diem trung binh cdng cao thi ini'u'il""' th i tdm cdng Idn Mure dp quan tim cua nien tri thijrc den chien lupc phat trien kinh te, x i hdi cua dil nudc Sd lieu khao sat cho thi'y, nidn tri thttc quan tim ddn chiin lupc phat triin kinh le xa hdi ciia dil nudc 7l 'i';r so nidn tri thttc dupc hdi cho ring, cd quan lim dd'n dinh hudng phit triin cua dil nudc giai doan 2011 - 2012; 66,1% quan tim din quan diim phat triin kinh t i xa hdi cia dil nudc giai doan 2011-2012 Su quan lim din muc tidu phat triin kinh td xa hdi cua dil nudc thi hidn chd, kha nhiiu ni6n tri thttc bidi ro muc tidu chiin lupc tdng quit ciia dil nudc la giai doan 2011 - 2012 (dupc di Chiin lupc phit triin kinh t i - xa hdi giai doan 2011 - 2020 lai Dai hdi Dang loan qud'c lin thtt XI) (67,6%) Sd ngudi khdng biit chi chiim i8,4% sd ngudi dupc hdi, cdn sd ngudi biet khdng chinh xac chi chid'm khoang 14% Ve cac muc lieu kinh te - xa hdi ciia di't nudc din nam 2020, kha nhiiu men tri thttc nim dupc cac muc tidu (91,3%), dd, cd tdi 15,7% sd ngudi biel hiu hit cic muc lieu va 24,5% sd ngudi biit ba, bdn muc lieu 14 TAP CH( TAM Lf HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 Tuy nhidn, mic dtt nhttng dtt lidu nghien cdu trdn cho thi'y, nidn iri thttc quan lim dd'n chiin lupc phit triin kinh l i xa hdi ciia dil nudc giai doan 2011 - 2012 cung nhu muc tidu phit triin kinh t i xa hdi cua dil nudc, nhung tr6n Ihuc li, vide quan tim mdt cich Ihuc thu vi siu sic dudng nhu chua dat dupc d nhdm nidn niy Diiu niy dupc minh chung qua sd lidu khio sit sau diy: Dai hdi Ding loin qudc lin thtt XI diin thing 1/2011, thdi diim chung tdi khao sit ttt thing 8/2011 dd'n thing 9/2011 nhung nhiiu nidn tri thttc thtta nhin, hp thuc su chua chii ddng tlm hiiu ndi dung chiin lupc phit Inin kinh li, xa hdi ciia dil nudc ma Dai hdi XI dua Sd lupng nidn tri thttc chii ddng lim dpc di biit dupc ndi dung cua chiin lupc niy chid'm ty le khiem tdn (9,7%), chu yiu la duoc nghe qua cic phuong tidn thdng lin dai chung (61,8%) Sd ngudi biit din chiin lupc niy qua sir phd biin cua lanh dao co quan cung chiem ly Id it (10,8%) Sd ngudi chua bao gid nghe ndi din chiin lupc ehie'm ly le tuong duong vdi sd ngudi chu ddng tim dpc chttng (9,3%) Bdng 2: Cdch thiic de bie'l ve Chiin luac phdt trien kinh ti'xd hdi 2011 - 2020 Hanh ddng thi hien su quan tim Chu dpng tim doc de biet duoc ndi dung Duoc lanh dao co quan phi bie'n Duoc nghe qua cac phucmg lien IhOng lin dai chung Duoc nghe qua kenh thong lin khac Chua bao gid nghe noi de'n Tong Phin tram 9,7 10,8 61,5 8,7 9,3 100,0 Nhu vay, CO the noi rang, neu xem xet va'n d^ tren ccf sb tu danh gia thi nien tri thiic, co quan tam dfi'n cac va'n de chinh tri xa hoi cua da't nu6c nhung tr6n thuc te, su quan tam chua duoc the hien bang hanh dOng cu thi Van d^ co th^ ly giai b6i m6t so nhan dinh ciia nidn tri thiic lh6ng qua phong vl&i sau nhu sau: "Em cdng it quan tdm, hdng ngdy thi cdng dpc bdo nhung cUng chi vdy thdi, khdng phdi vi em cd nhieu su quan tdm khdc md vi em nghi rdng, cd quan tdm hay khdng thi cdng khdng thay ddi duac gi Ngudi lam thay dd'i duac la nhihig ngudi khdc" (nam, 28 tu6i, giang vien, Dai hpc Sai Gon) "Gidng vien tre cdng cd quan tdm de'n cdc vdn de chinh tri, nhung cdng difng lai d mice dd quan tdm thdi chua ddm the hien vi nhieu ly cd the cdn tre', cd ly tudng nhung co nhifng suy nghi rieng, kinh nghiem khdng cd so TAPCHI'TAM LtHOC, S6'9 (162), - 2012 15 vdi ngudi gid nin chitd ddm thi hi^n md chi chd dpi, nghe ngdng vd tim kiim thdng lin" (nam, 27 ludi, gling vien, Dai hpc Su phairi ;thinh phd H6 Chi Minh) Dinh gii cia niin trf thdrc vi mlirc dd dat dupc cic muc tidu kinh tixAhOi Bdng 3: Ddnh gid cua tri thirc ve miic dd dat duac cdc chi tiiu kinh li- xa hdi N6i dung dinh gia Kh6ng r8 Kh6 dat dutfc ( Ihi dal duoc Nhil djnh dal duoc DTB PhSt iri^n kinh tS gin vdi bJo ve mOi uudng, phii Irien kinh le xanh Co ca'u kinh te' cAng nghiep, nOng nghiep, dich vu duoc xay dung hien dai va hieu qua 3,0 31,1 55,5 9.4 271 2,5 16,1 63.3 18,1 2,91 4,1 21,1 44.5 30,2 2,94 5,7 28,0 50,8 15.5 2.76 4,4 23,2 47.1 25.3 2,93 5,0 30,8 47.5 16,7 2,76 3,3 30,5 50,9 15,3 2.73 4.7 32.4 41.8 21.1 2.79 6,7 58,4 27.3 7,7 2-J.6 Ty le da thi hda dat tren 45% DSn nam 2020, chi s« phit ngudi (HDI) dal nhdm trung binh cao ciia the'gicri Lao d6ng qua Aio tao dal Iren 70%, dao tao nghe ehie'm 55% l6ng lao dOng xa hOl Thu nhap Ihuc te' ciia dan cu cao gip khoang 3,5 lin so vdi nam 2010 Giio due vk dao lao, khoa hpc vi cOng nghe dip ling yeu ciu ciia su nghiep cGng nghiep hoa HSu hei cu dan Ihanh ihi va nOng ihOn duoc sir dung nudc saeh va hop ve sinh 100% CO sd san xuai, kinh doanh mdi ap dung cOng nghe saeh hoae trang bi eic ihiei bl giam nhiem mOi trudng, xir 1^ ehai thai Ghi ehii: Diem trung binh dupe tinh theo thang diem dd diim thd'p nhdt Id 1, diem eao nhdt Id Diem trung x-i Id 2.5 Diem trung binh cdng eao tht mire dp ddnh gid dat duac cdng Idn Thanh nidn tri thttc cung cd nhttng danh gii vi mttc dd cd thi dat duoc cac muc lidu kinh t i xa hdi da duoc dil lai Dai hdi XI Ket qua tai bang cho thi'y, cac muc tidu kinh ti ma Dai hdi XI ndu diu dupc nien tri thttc dinh gia tren diim trung vi Diiu cho thi'y, khoang tren 50% sd nien tri thttc cd niim tin ring, cac muc lieu kinh t i xa hdi cin dat dupc de'n 16 TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd (162X^9 - 2012 nim 2020 cd thi dat dupc Trong sd dd, muc tidu hiin dai hda ca cdu kinh ti cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, dich vu; muc tieu dd thi hda dal ty li trin 45%; muc lidu lao ddng da qua ddo tao dat trin 70%, ddo tao nghi chiim 55% tSng lao ddng xd hdi dupc nhiiu nien tri thttc dil niim lin vio ning cd thi dat dupc Sd di cd dupc niim tin vio cic vi'n di niy, nien tri thttc dua vio cic ly sau diy: - Nhiiu nidn tri thttc cho ring, thdi gian qua, ty trpng cp ciu cdng nghidp, ndng nghidp va dich vii ciia nudc ta cd nhttng biin chuyin hit sttc kha quan Co ci'u ndng nghidp da giam dang ki Co ciu cdng nghiep ling Di Viet Nam trd Ihinh nudc cdng nghidp theo hudng hidn dai thi bit budc phai xiy dung kinh li cdng nghidp, ndng nghidp, dich vu mdt cich hiiu qui - Trong hon 20 nam liin hinh cdng cudc ddi mdi, qui trinh dd thi hoi d •Viet Nam diin nhanh chdng, nhii li 10 nim trd lai diy Nim 1990, ly le dd thi hoa mdi dal vao khoang 17 - 18%, dd'n nim 2000 sd niy da li 23,6%, nim 2009 dat 28% Trong xu thi dd Hi Ndi vi thinh phd Hd Chi Minh li hai phd cd mttc dd vi Idc dd dd thi hda dal cao nhi't Udc ti'nh nim 2010, ty le dd thj hda d Hi Ndi li 30 - 32% vi nhay vpt thinh 55 - 65% vao nam 2020 Nhu viy, du kiin din nam 2020, ca nudc, loc dp dd thi hda dat 45% la cd the dal dupc Tuy nhien, sd cac muc lieu ndu tren, muc lieu 100% ca sd sdn xudt, kinh doanh mdi dp dung cdng nghi saeh hodc trang bi cdc thiit bi gidm d nhiim mdi trudng, xii: ly chd't thdi dupc nien tri thttc danh gia la khd cd thi dat duoc Dieu niy cd thi giai thi'ch bing cic ly sau diy: •Vi'n di mdi Irudng thdi gian gin diy dupc tri thttc nhic tdi nhiiu Trong khao sal cua Vidn Tim ly hpc nim 2010 cd tdi 60,2% tri thttc dupc khao sat cho ring, thdi ky hdi nhip, "Viet Nam da giai quyit khdng td't vin di bao vd mdi trudng ma diu tidn phai ke din la nan d nhiim mdi irudng (Le Thi Thanh Huong, La Thj Thu Thuy, 2010) nhiim mdi Irudng didn khip mpi noi Ric thai cdng nghiep khdng qua xtt ly da xa true liip mdi Irudng xung quanh Cac nha may va cic CO sd sin xuit cd quy md vtta va nhd nim xen lin cac khu din cu da gdp phin lam tang d nhiim mdi Irudng Hang nam, tai cac khu cdng nghiep ven bien hang tram tridu met khdi nudc thai cdng nghidp va nudc thai sinh hoal chua qua xu ly dd cac ctta biin Mdt sd nganh cdng nghiep nhu hoa chit, phin bdn, khai Ihac chi biin khoang san cd lucmg nudc thai \dn Lupng nudc thai dd true tiip cac sdng, ao hd lam d nhiim ngudn nudc Dac biel, tinh trang ngudn nudc ngim dung TAP CHI'TAM L? HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 17 cho sinh hoat ngiy cing bi d nhiim lupng thach tin vupt qui ndng dd cho phip Nhttng diin hinh vi d nhiim mdi trudng vi tii nguytn nudc phii ki din li luu vuc cic sdng Nhui, sdng Diy vi sdng Ciu bj d nhiim bdi cic khu cdng nghiep phia Bic giy ndn, luu vuc sdng Ddng Nai - Sii Gdn d nhiim cic khu cdng nghiep lai thinh phd Hd Chi Minh vi phia Nam giy nin Nudc d nhiim lim cho ci vi cic loai thuy cim chit hing loat Tai luu vuc sdng Sii Gdn him lupng nudc dupc bj d nhiim ning, dd, d nhiim vi chit vi sinh vi diu md thi hiin ro ret Tic ddng tidu cue ciia tinh trang d nhiim ngudn nudc phii ki din li sttc khoe vi benh til Vide phit hidn hon 10 ling Vidt Nam bi ung thu (lieu biiu li Thach Son, Phu Thp xi cd tdi 136 ngudi bj ung thu gan, phdi, da diy vi vdm hpng vi da cd 106 ngudi ttt vong ) li nhttng minh chirng sdng ddng cho tic ddng cua d nhiim mdi trudng din sttc khde cua ngudi din Danh gii vi nguyen nhin din tdi tinh trang niy, mdt sd nidn ui thttc eho ring, khiu quan 1^ ciia nudc la cdn qui long leo Mdt sd nhi diu w nude ngoai da Ipi dung so hd ciia phip luit Viet Nam, cung nhu su yiu kem kiim tra giim sil lai cac cita khiu nen da nhip vao Viet Nam mdt sd may mdc thiit bi cd cdng nghe lac hiu, thim chi 1^ nhttng phi thai cua cac nudc khic Viee chuyin giao cdng nghe ttt nudc ngoai vao Vidt Nam dupc thuc hien thdng qua cac hpp ddng va dupc co quan quan ly Nha nudc vi khoa hpc cdng nghe chuin y Tuy viy, diy la mdt hoal ddng ciic ky khd khin doi vdi cic nudc tie'p nhin diu lu ndi chung, ki ca Viet Nam, bdi khd cd thi danh gii chinh xac gia in thuc ciia limg loai cdng nghe nhiing nginh khic nhau, die biet nhttng nganh cdng nghe cao Do viy, thudng phai thdng qua thuong lupng theo hinh thttc mSc ca din hai bdn cd thi chip nhin dttpc, thi ky kit hpp ddng chuyin giao cdng nghd (din theo Bao cio 20 nam diu tu nudc ngoai lai Viet Nam 1988 - 2007) Theo tie gia Trin Vin Tung, din thing 6/2006 Viet Nam cd gin 4.500 du in cd hi6u luc, nhung chi cd 20% du in stt dung cdng nghe cao Nhu viy, theo danh gia cua phin ddng nien Iri thttc, muc tidu la khd dat dupc mdt mil la doanh nghiep mud'n liet kiem td't da cho viec diu tu vao mdi Irudng, mat khac hp cung lin dung ke hd cua luii phap de giam thiiu tdi da chi phi cho vi'n di bao vd mdi trudng Miic dp quan tam ctia nien tri thttc den vi the c i a Viet Nam tren trudng qudc te Cac hoal ddng lien quan dd'n vi the cua Viet Nam trdn Irudng qud'c ti hoac khu vuc dupc kha nhieu nidn tri thttc quan tam (71,4%) Diiu niy 18 TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd (162), 9-2012 cd thi dupc 1^ giai bdi nhttng hoat ddng ddi ngoai nhim ning cao vi thi Vidt Nam trdn trudng qud'c t i thdi gian qua dupc diy manh Cd thi ndu len mdt sd diu mdc quan trpng boat ddng ddi ngoai nudc ta nhu sau: - Hiep dinh Thuong mai song phuong Viet - My sau nim dim phin da dupc k^ kit ngiy 13/7/2000 - Nim 2002, hoal ddng dd'i ngoai dupc triin khai ddn dip vi tren binh dien rdng, ghi diu i'n dim lich stt ngoai giao Vidt Nam Cic vj lanh dao cao cip nhi't cua Ding, Nhi nudc, Chi'nh phu Viet Nam da thim httu nghi chinh thttc nhiiu nudc tren thi gidi (23 nudc), ddng thdi Qud'c hdi Viet Nam da td chttc thinh cdng Dai hdi ddng AlPO lin thtt 23 tai Hi Ndi Thinh cdng cia Hdi nghi ASEM (id chttc tai Hi Ndi thing 10/2004) ning cao uy U'n cia Vidt Nam tren Irudng qudc li - Ngiy 1/1/2008, Viet Nam da chinh thttc dupc biu li thinh vien khdng Ihudng true Hdi ddng Bao an Lidn Hidp Qudc nhiem ky 2008 - 2009 Viec tham gia Hdi ddng Bao an LiSn Hiep Qud'c thi hidn budc tiin mdi tiin trinh hdi nhip qud'c t i cia Viet Nam vi li diu mdc quan trpng cua viec triin khai chinh saeh da dang hoi, da phuong hoi quan he qudc li Ngay 7/11/2006, tai Geneva, Viet Nam gia nhip va trd thinh vidn thtt 150 cua T chttc Thuong mai thi gidi (WTO) Sau Viet Nam gia nhip •WTO, ngiy 21/12/2006, Tdng thdng Bush cung chi'nh thttc ky phe chuin viec trao quy che thuong mai binh Ihudng vTnh viin (PNTR) cho Vidt Nam Viec Viet Nam gia nhip WTO se lao nhung co hdi mdi thuc diy su tang trudng cia cic nganh xuit khau vi diu ttt nttdc ngoai Stt kidn niy cung dal Viet Nam trudc su canh tranh quyei hel loan ciu Diy cung la ap luc ddi hdi Viet Nam phai nhanh chdng cai each mdt sd nganh cdng nghidp di tin dung triet di nhttng Ipi ich cia viec gia nhip WTO Vi CO ban, nhttng thinh tuu dat dupc neu tren quan he qud'c t i da cd lac ddng tich cue den lim ly nien tri thttc Song, viec md rdng quan he qud'c l i cttng dal khdng il vin di Ching han, vide gia nhip WTO la co hdi mdi dinh cho ngudi din Viet Nam, nhung cung li thach thttc mdi danh cho ti'l ca chttng ta So lidu trdn luong ddng vdi sd lieu nim 2010 cia Le Thi Thanh Huong, La Thi Thu Thiy vi ddng nghiep nghidn ciiu tren tri thttc Viet Nam Theo kit qua nghien euu cia cac lac gia nay, cd tdi 86,9% sd ngudi dupc hdi cho ring, hoat ddng dd'i ngoai nhim ning cao vi thi cia nudc ta trdn Irudng qudc le thdi gian qua cd su khdi sic Trong dd, 40,1% tri thttc dupc hdi danh gii td't vi hoal ddng ( l i Thi Thanh Huong, La Thi Thu Thuy, 2010) TAP CHI'TAM Lf HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 19 Phdng viii siu P.V.H, nam, giing vidn tri, Dai hpc Luit H i Ndi chd biit: "Thanh niin tri thiic hiin c6 quan tdm tdi cdc vin dS xd hiii, miic dii quan tdm Id Idn vi thdi dqi thdng tin ngdy cdc vd'n iti chinh tri xd hdi dnh hudng trtfc tii'p tdi cdng viic cUng nhu cd h^i cudc sd'ng cua titng ngudi, ddc biit Id dudng Idl ctia Ddng, chinh sdch ctia Nhd nudc" Mijrc dd quan t i m ciia nidn trf thurc dd'i vM hoat ddng ciia cic cft'p linh dao Kit qui khio sit cho Ihiy, nhiiu nien Iri Ihttc quan tim din boat dditg nudc cua lanh dao Ding vi Nhi nudc (61,9%), cOng nhu cic boat ddng cia lanh dao thi gidi cd lidn quan din Viet Nam (61,8%) Sd lupng ngudi it quan tim hoic khdng quan tim chiim ty le kha khidm tdn (14,7% vi 13,0%) Niu so sinh mttc dd quan tim cia nidn tri thttc Irong mdi tuong quan gitta boat ddng cia cic cip lanh dao khic Ihi nhttng boat ddng cia lanh dao cip cao nudc vi cua lanh dao cip cao nudc ngoii cd lidn quan din Viet Nam dupc nien tri thttc quan tim hon Hoat ddng cia lanh dao chi'nh quyin dia phuong khdng dupc nidn iri thttc quan lim nhiiu, chi khoang 41,3% sd ngudi dupc hoi cho ring, cd quan tim din boat ddng niy Diiu dd cd thi giai thi'ch bing vide, boat ddng cia lanh dao Dang va Nhi nudc dupc cip nhil vi dua lin ihudng xuyen trdn cic phuong lien thdng tui dai chung Thanh nidn tri thttc tid'p cin nhiiu vdi cic phuong lien thdng lin vi dac biet bao mang li cdng cu hihi hidu giup nidn tri Ihttc nim bit nhanh hon cac hoal dpng chinh tri cua lanh dao Dang, Nhi nudc vi cic boat ddng qud'c t i lidn quan din Viet Nam Cd thi Irich ndu quan diim cia mdt sd dai didn Ihanh nidn tri thttc vi vi'n di niy nhu sau: - "Chinh tri Id vdn di sd'ng cdn cda mdt qud'c gia, cdng Id mdt nien tdi cam thd'y rd't quan tdm tdi cdc vd'n di chinh tri xd hdi, nd cd dnh hudng Irifc tii'p hay gidn tie'p ddi vdi cudc sd'ng ciia td't cd mpi ngitdi Ne'u mdt xd hdi cd nen chinh tri Sn dinh vd mdt xd hdi td't dep thi ngudi xa hdi ay cung se trd nin tich cue han Ld cdng ddn ciia mdt ddt nudc chiing ta phdi nhdn thiic duac quyin lai, trdeh nhiem vd nghia vu ciia minh ddi vdi TS qudc (nam, 26 ludi, giang vien, Dai hoc Khoa hpc lu nhien - Dai hpc Qud'c gia Hi Ndi) - "Tdi cho rdng, thdi ky hdi nhdp manh me nhu hien nay, nien tri thiic cd rd't nhieu mdi quan tdm, dd, hg vdn ddnh sif quan tdm nhdt dinh tdi cdc vdn di chinh tri, xd hdi Hp quan tdm tdi cdc van de ndy trudc hit bdi hp cd phuang tien hien dqi de nhanh chdng tie'p can vdi nd Sti bithg nS cua cdng nghe Ihdng tin, internet len ngdi, khd ndng cap nhdt cdc 20 TAP CH( TAM L? HOC, Sd (162), 9-2012 thdng tin ve chinh tri, xd hdi ciia ngudi ddn ndi chung vd ctia niin tri thiic noi rieng tdng lin Hem nUa, cdc vdn di chinh tri, xd hdi dang diln hdng ngdy cd tde ddng Idn di'n cudc sd'ng, cdng viic cda hp, Chinh tri cd Sn djnh thi kinh te mdi phdt triin, mdi cd mdt xa hdi td't dep, dd cudc sd'ng ciia ngudi ddn duac bdo ddm Do dd, Ihanh niin tri thiic hiin vdn rd't quan Idm tdi cdc vd'n di ndy" (ntt, 23 ludi, giing vidn, Dai hpc Luit Hi Ndi) Trong cic loai boat ddng ki trdn, cd thi ndi ci Ihanh nidn Iri thttc nam va nu, nien tri thttc da lip gia dinh vi chua lip gia dinh, thim nien cdng tic it hay nhiiu vi trinh dp dao tao dai hpc hay trdn dai hpc diu cd mdi quan lim nhu ddi vdi hoat ddng cia cac cip lanh dao Dang vi Nhi nudc vi boat ddng qud'c t i lidn quan din Viet Nam 'Tuy nhien, nam nien tri thttc quan tim din boat ddng cia lanh dao cic nudc trdn thi gidi nhiiu hon ntt nien tri thttc (DTB: 3,40 vi 3,18; p = 0,008) Cd thi thi'y rd vi'n di niy qua danh gii cia mdt nu nghidn cttu viin: "Minh thi ciing khdng quan tdm din vd'n de chinh tri, chi xem ludt qua de ndm bat thdng tin chiit xiu thdi, nhidig minh thd'y may ngudi nam Id quan tdm liim, hp cdn binh ludn nUa Hp quan tdm din van di bien Ddng Do dd Id vdn di mang tinh ddn tde, bite viic vi minh Id ngudi Viet Nam bi dp biic, phdn ting cdng Id bdo ve TS qud'c Vi nhu Iui minh nudc thi chdng quan tdm gi, nhung nudc ngodi thi rd't dodn kit, vi cung la anh em Viet Nam cdn cd su hd tra Idn nhau, d ddy minh khdng nhdn thdy nhung tach khoi qui nhd thi mrii thdy thuong nhau, rdt Hi hdo vi minh cd mot ngdn ngU riing, ndi duac bdng tie'ng ciia ddn tde minh" (L.C, ntt nghidn cuu vidn, 30 ludi, Vidn Nghidn cttu Khoa hpc Cdng nghd Viet Nam, phd Hd Chi Mmh) Ben canh dd, khac biet vi nghi nghidp cd anh hudng rd net de'n mttc dp quan lim cia nien tri thttc ddi vdi cac hoal ddng cua cac cap lanh dao cap cao va ngoai nudc Cd the nhin tha'y, so nhimg nghe nghiep dupc khao sal, nhimg ky su Ire dudng nhu it quan lim den cac boat ddng cua lanh dao cap cao hon nhttng nien tri thttc la giang vien, nghien cuu vidn va phdng vidn (p < 0,05) Cd the bieu diin su khac bidt qua biiu dd Diiu cd the ly giai d chd, giang vidn, nghien cuu vien, phdng vien li nhimg ngudi lam viec ddc lip Hp cd the quan 1^ va diiu chinh thdi gian lam viec cia minh m i khdng bi phu thupc vao nhttng ngudi xung quanh Nhimg nguoc lai, nhdm ky su tre lam viec cic nha may, xi nghidp, ndn ip luc vi thdi gian va tiin dp cdng vide phu thudc nhiiu vao nhdm lam vide Hp phai lam theo ca kip va luin thu ky luit, gid gii'c lao ddng mdt cich nghiem ngil Chinh vi viy, viec liip cin vdi cic thdng lin chinh tri xa hdi se cham hcfn so vdi phdng vien, giang vien va nghien cttu vien TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 21 Biiu dd 1: Su khdc biet ve nhdm nghi nghiep Irong ddnh gid mite dd quan l/jm de'n hoat ddng chinh Iri cda cdc cdp Idnh dao Nu Ihac si, giang vidn Ire lai Irudng Dai hpc Su pham thinh phd*Hd Chi Minh cho biit: "Nhdm gidng viin tre quan tdm din vdn di chinh tri xd hdi cao hem, dan gidn vi di day ngodi kiin thitc ve chuyin mdn thi phdi hieu biit ve van di xd hot, lin Idp mdi hap ddn, thuyi't phuc duac sinh viin Tri thdc tre ngdi ndi chuyen vdi md khdng ndm duac cdc vdn di chinh tri xd hdi thi chiing to minh thua kem Hdu hit Iri thiie tre cd hiiu biit vi xd'n di chinh tri xd hdi vd suy nghi cua hp la chin chdn, nhiin thifc cao han, nhiing bin canh cUng cdn mdt bd phdn khdng nhd cd suy nghT cue doan, nhttng nhiing thdnh phdn cue doan it din lit bd phdn gidng vien" Tuy nhien, trii vdi nhttng sd lidu vi mttc dp quan lim cia nidn tri thttc den cac boat ddng chung cia cac ci'p lanh dao, khao sit nhttng hinh ddng cu thi thi hidn su quan tim thi cho kit qua khdng mi'y kha quan Kha nhiiu nidn tri thttc khdng bicl rd uy \ien Bd Chinh tri khda XI gdm nhihig ai, sd lupng la bao nhidu ngudi, mic du thdi gian liin hanh khao sit cua chung tdi kha gin vdi thdi diim kit thuc Dai hdi Dang loin qudc lin thtt XI Sd ngudi biit chinh xac sd iy vidn Bd chinh tri khda XI chiim 32,4%, sd ngudi khdng biit hoic biit khdng chinh xic chiim tdi 67,6% (trong dd, sd ngudi khdng biit chiim 37,3%; sd ngudi biit khdng chi'nh xac 30,3%) Nhu viy, ctt 10 nidn tri thttc thi cd tdi ngttdi khdng biit hoic khdng biit chi'nh xac diiu 22 TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd9 (162), - 2012 Diiu cd thi ly giai chd, cfing khio sil niy, sd lupng nien tri thttc ehi ddng lim hiiu vi theo ddi diin biin cia Dai hdi Ding chiim ty li khiem td'n (8,0%), chi yiu hp li nghe qua cic phuong liin thdng tin dai chung (xem bang) Bdng 4: Cdch thiic quan Idm din Dqi hdi Ddng lodn qud'c Idn thii XI Hinh ddng thi hUn su quan tim Phin trim Chu dong tlm hiiu va theo doi diin bie'n cua Dai hdi 8,0 Thudng xuyen nghe qua cac phuong lien thpng tin dai chung 43,7 Thinh ihoang cd nghe qua cac phucmg lien thdng tin dai chung 43,7 4,7 Khdng quan tam 100,0 Tong Chung ta bifi't rang, vi6c chu d6ng quan tam, tim dpc cac thdng tin ll6n quan d€'n Dai hoi XI giup cho ngucri nghe ghi nh6 duoc su ki^n lau hcfn va sau sac hcfn la nghe mot each thu d6ng Dieu c6 th^ mmh chiing cho vi6c nien co quan tam den cac vS'n d^ chinh tri nhung miic dO quan tam chua thuc su sau sac Phan tich sau hcfn ve nhom ngucri chia d6ng tlm hi^u diln bi^'n cua Dai hgi Dartg lan thii XI cho thay: % 30- -^ Chii (36tig tim doc ThsjOTg xuyeiinglie Bn Thinh ttioang rgiie tin Kfiong quan tSm D K9 sir • Nghigr cuu v l ^ • Giang vi^n D Ph6ng vien Bieu dd 2: Mdc dd quan tdm den dien bien Dai hdi Ddng todn qudc Idn thdXJ cua nien tri thifc (so sdnh theo nhdm nghe nghiep) TAP CHI TAM L t HOC, So (162), - 2012 23 - Xil theo lieu chi gidi tinh, ty le nam nien Iri thttc chi dpng quan tim din dai hdi hon ntt gidi (11,0% vi 5,5%; p = 0,003) Thanh nien tri thttc da lip gia dinh chi ddng quan tim hon nidn tri thttc chua lip gia dinh (10,9% vi 5,8%; p = 0,000) Thanh nien tri thttc cd thim nidn cdng tic cing cao thi cing quan tim din cic vi'n di chinh trj xa hdi, dd cd vin di chi ddng lim hiiu diin biin Dai hdi Ding lin thtt XI - Die biet, nhdm phdng vidn trc, die thtt nghi nghidp quy dinh nen mttc dd chu ddng lim dpc cac thdng lin lidn quan li cao ban hSn so vdi cic nhdm nghi nghiep khac vi nhdm ky su cd ly le chi ddng tlm dpc thdng tin li Ihi'p nhi't (p < 0,0001) Cd thi thi'y ro su khic biet niy qua biiu dd Tdm lai, ttt kit qua nghien cttu tren cho thiy, nidn tri thttc hien quan lim tdi cic vin di chi'nh tri, xa hdi cia dii nudc Die bidt, nhimg vi'n di lien quan din vj thi cua Viet Nam tren Irudng qudc ti, lien quan din qud'c phdng an ninh cia di't nudc dupc nidn tri thttc quan tim hon ca vi cd thai dp kha tich cue dd'i vdi cac vin di niy Tuy nhidn, niu xem xil mdt qjch cu the thi thi'y mttc dp quan tim dd'n cic vi'n di chinh tri xi hdi cia dii nudc d men tri thttc chtta thttc su siu sic, chua xuit phat ttt nhu ciu thuc su mud'n lim hiiu, mud'n quan tim dd'n cic vin di neu tren Nhu viy, vSn di giao due y thttc chi'nh Iri cho nien ndi chung vi nidn Iri thttc ndi rieng la mdt vi'n di cin duoc dit Ihucmg xuydn ddi vtSi cac cip quan ly Tai lieu tham khao Bdo edo 20 ndm ddu tu nude ngodi tai Viit Nam 1988 - 2007 Cue Diu lu nudc ngoai - Bp Kc hoach va DSu tu, ding tren hllp//lia.mpi 2ov.\n/Defaull.aspx?ctl= Article2 &TablD=4&mlD=237&alD=507 Le Thi Thanh Huong, La Thi Thu Tbuy (dong chii nhiem) Nghien euu mot sdddc diem tdm ly xd hdi eo hdn ciia tri thifc nude ta Bio cao ling kit di tai ci'p Bd, 2010 Nguyln Thi Hoa (chii nhiem) Bio cao ling kit di lai khoa hoc cip bd: Mdt sdvd'n de tdm lyeabdn eiia tri thue Viit Nam hiin nav ViSn Tim ly hpc chu tri, 2004 So lieu khao sal dupc Iham khao ttt di tai khoa hoc cip Bo: "Mdr sd van de ca bdn ciia nien Irl thirc" (TS La Thi Thu Thiiy ThS Nguyin Thi Phuong Hoa dong chii nhiem Di lai nam Irong Chuong trinh nghien cttu khoa hpc cip Bp "Tong quan nhttng vin di co ban cua Ihanh nien Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020 - 'Thuc trang, quan diim va giai phap nhin ttt gdc dd lim ly" Vien Tim ly hpc chu tri) 24 TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 ... i Thi Thanh Huong, La Thi Thu Thuy, 2010) TAP CHI''TAM Lf HOC, Sd (162), - 2012 19 Phdng viii siu P.V.H, nam, giing vidn tri, Dai hpc Luit H i Ndi chd biit: "Thanh niin tri thiic hiin c6 quan tdm... lidn quan din Viet Nam (61,8%) Sd lupng ngudi it quan tim hoic khdng quan tim chiim ty le kha khidm tdn (14,7% vi 13,0%) Niu so sinh mttc dd quan tim cia nidn tri thttc Irong mdi tuong quan gitta... nhiim mdi irudng (Le Thi Thanh Huong, La Thj Thu Thuy, 2010) nhiim mdi Irudng didn khip mpi noi Ric thai cdng nghiep khdng qua xtt ly da xa true liip mdi Irudng xung quanh Cac nha may va cic