Nghien cuu thu nghiem cong nghe tach vi song de xu ly nhG tuong dau/nuoc nuoc thai nhiem dau o Viet Nam ThS Le Thj Phu'ang Vien Diu Viet Nam ThS Tran DLFC Minh Hoc vien Phdng khdng • Khdng quan Tom t i t Nw&e thai nhiem dau bj nhu twang hoa la mot phan quan trgng eiia nw&e thai eong nghiep va dwgv sinh tir eae hoat dgng san xuat eong nghiep khac nhau, dae biet la nganh cong nghiep dau Trong ngi dung bai bao nay, ehiing toi neu khai quat ve nw&e thai nhiim dau, cong nghe tach vi song, sir dung eong nghe vi song di taeh va thu hoi dau tip nw&e thai nhiim dau; qua trinh thiet ke, che tao thiet bj vi song di pha nhu twang nw&e thai nhiem dau; dong th&i mo ta kha day dii viec thir nghiem taeh nhu twang dau/nw&e bang phwang phap vi song dien tir va so sanh hieu qua thu dwg'C v&i phwang phap tuyen noi kit hg'p chat pha nhu Thi nghiem eho thay phwang phap taeh nhu twang dau/nw&e nw&e thai nhiim dau bang phwang phap vi song dien tir eho kit qua rat tot, nhanh, tiet kiem va dap wng day du tieu ehuan moi trw&ng eua Viet Nam va khong thua kem cac phwang phap tach truyen thong khae Dieu nay, m& then vgng eho viee su' dung edng nghe vi song viee tach va thu hoi dau tip nw&e thai nhiem dau & Viet Nam twang lai gan DAU K H i - 8/2010 47 A N TOAN - MOI TRUONG DAU KHi - Mu'c dp nhu hda d i u bj nhu hda nudc thai M a dau Nude thai ndi ehung va nudc thai nhiim d i u (NTND) ndi rieng la mdt nhirng tae nhan chinh gay d nhiem mdi trudng ma t h i gidi da va dang quan tam xir ly O l x(j/ ly va thu hdi d i u nudc thai nhiim d i u (bao gom d i u d dang nhu tuang diu/nude) eae edng nghe sau da va dang dugc sir dung: - Cdng nghe tach vat ly - Cac phuang phap taeh hda hpe - Cac phuang phap dien va vi sdng dien tir - Cae phuang phap vi sinh - Sir dung k i t hgp cae phuang phap vdi Khai quat ve nu'O'c thai nhiim dau va cong nghe tach vi song Ngay nay, t h i gidi da quan tam va d i u tu nhiiu edng sire, t i i n eiia d l phat t h i n cac cdng nghe x\j ly d i u va nhu tuang d i u NTND Oac biet yeu c l u bao ve mdi trudng s i n g ciia ngudi cang cao nen gidi han ndng dp cac hydrocaebon NTND dugc phep thai mdi trudng cang nghiem khIc Tuy tu'ng quoe gia se d l cae gidi han thai cho heng minh 6" Viet Nam hien thi NTND phai dugc xir ly tdi ning dp eua d i u , md 5ppm thi mdi dugc thai mdi trudng O i l vdi cac hoat ddng d i u d ngoai bien thi ham lugng d i u nudc thai phai dugc xa ly d i n 15ppm cho khu vyc ndi thuy va 40ppm eho vung bien khai xa Sy phan b l kich thude gipt va trang thai nhu tuang eho phep ehung ta lya chpn phuang phap tach Van t i c gipt va nong dp d i u eho phep chung ta lya chpn kich thude heng ciia he thing va dy bao dugc sy van hanh eiia he thing ma ta lya ehpn * Sw phan bd kich thw&c giot Sy phan b l kich thude gipt NTND la ylu to d l quylt djnh d i n tinh hieu qua sy van hanh cua thiet bj taeh dIu/nude eiia nude thai Xac dinh sy phan bo kich thude gipt la de lya ehpn he thing tach bdi vi m6i mdt kich thude gipt se cd sy van hanh khac qua trinh tach ehung khdi nude Cac gipt d i u khdng phai la cac hat that, dd chi la quy ude chung d l xir ly cac gipt rieng le ciia diu bj phan tan nudc dudi dang cae hat hinh c l u Tuy thude vao dudng kinh eiia cac gipt ma chung dugc chia mpt b i n loai sau day [2]: - Vdi cac gipt dudng kinh Idn han hoae bing 250/vm, d i u duge tap hgp lai dau ty noi len b l mat nude - NhO'ng gipt d i u cd dudng kinh tir 30pm d i n nho han 250pm dugc coi nhu eae gigt d i u dan gian - Cae gipt d i u cd dudng kinh tii' d i n nhd han 30pm thi duge xem la nhu tuang d i u - Cac gipt d i u cd dudng kinh nhd han 1pm thi dugc coi la phin d i u hda tan nude DAUHbATAN 1.1 Cae dae trwng ehinh eiia NTND C i n phai hieu rang ban chit eiia nudc thai se quylt djnh sy lya chpn thilt bj taeh diu/nudc nao dugc SU' dung va cho phep chung ta dy doan hieu nang cua thilt bj taeh dd Mpt thiet bj dugc thilt ke d l tach d i u ty thi khdng t h i dung d l tach dugc nhu tuang dIu/nudc, ngugc lai se khdng cd hieu qua va t i n kem rit nhiiu dung cae thilt bj tach nhu tuang dIu/nudc eho viec taeh d i u ty tir nudc thai [1] Cd thdng s l cua NTND cho phep chung ta lya chpn cdng nghe xu' ly d i u (bao g i m nhu tuang d i u ) ehinh xae eho b i t ky loai nudc thai nao [1] B i n thdng so dd la: - Sy phan bd kich thude gipt d i u •^° Ol/dTNG K I N H GIpT (\1 m) ^' Hinh Mdi lien he giira duang kinh giot va trang thai tdn tai ciia diu NTND % gipt •• • • • • 50 40 30 20 10 _ ^ _ ^ _ ^ _ ^ — O i r t n g kinh g((jl( u r n ) 30 60 90 120 150 - Van toe gipt - Nong dp cua d i u nude thai 48 DAU KHf - 36 8/2010 Hinh Su lien he giira phin tram cac giot diu theo duang kinh giot PETROVIETNAM Hinh la dd thj chi sy tuang quan giii'a s l lugng cae gipt va p h i n tram ciia mdt nam kich thude gipt eho mpt NTND quy \jpac O l thj eho ehung ta c i n quan tam tdi nhirng gipt d i u d day tir 30 - 60pm, nhung s l lugng eua eae gipt d i u day kich thude thi khdng nhlt thilt phan anh t h i tich eua dau day dd Cac gipt dau Idn chira nhiiu d i u han cae gipt d i u nhd vi t h i tich d i u la ham s l luy thira eua dudng kinh gipt O d l thj cung cho ta t h i y sy biln doi cac gipt d i u vdi p h i n tram eiia tong t h i tich d i u , d i i u eho ehung ta hilu bilt thyc t i i n han v l nudc thai * Van tdc giot Trpng lye la y l u t l cd y nghTa sd viec tach dIu/nude Tieu chuin de xae djnh hieu qua cua he thing la van tic Van toe noi cua d i u (V^j^) va van t i c ciia ddng NTND(Vn;j(yc.) kl^i nudc thai di qua buing tach cac gipt dugc sinh sy chenh lech v l ty trpng heng giii'a d i u va nudc o l xac djnh ty trpng d i u NTND thi d n phai bilt loai dau nao t i n tai nude thai Thdng thudng nude thai tap hgp nhiiu loai d i u khac Khi khdng t h i bilt ehi tilt loai d i u nao t i n tai nudc thai thi ta cd the gia thuylt d i u ton tai nudc thai se cd ty trpng gan gilng vdi ty trpng ciia mpt cac chit nhu: D i u thd, d i u d i t Id, d i u hda, xang, benzen [2] * NhO twang diu nw&c thai nhiim diu Nhu tuang la mot hon hgp cua hai chit Idng khdng t h i trpn l i n vdi nhau, dd cac hat nhd eua mot hai chat Idng (la pha phan tan) phan b l ben chit Idng khac (gpi la pha lien tuc) Nhu tuang cdng nghiep d i u cd hai loai: - Nhu tuang d i u nudc (Oil in water - OW) - Nhu tuang nude d i u (Water in oil - WO) , Dau Diiu vi ninVc Nhu tuang d i u nude la d i i tugng de cap eiia bai Uir&c Vi>l„ • n^ Vn>»*6 «»» —*"^3 Hinh Biiu diin duang di ciia cac giot diu mdt budng luu ly tuang Tu van toe d i u (V^iJ cd t h i xac djnh thdi gian (T(J4U) c i n thilt eho cac gipt d i u noi len mat nudc hoae d i n cae dTa ngung tu N l u thdi gian T^^u nho han thdi gian ciia nudc thai dugc luu thilt bj taeh (thdi gian luu - Tnu,c,c)- Khi dd v l mat ly thuylt cac gipt d i u se noi len mat nude va dugc thu gom Vn^,^,- bj chi phii bdi t i c dp ddng (Q) va kich thude vat ly buIng chinh ciia thilt bi tach g i m : Chilu dai (L), chilu rdng (W) va chilu cao (H) Thudng cac buIng chinh dugc thilt k l theo hinh chir nhat Van t i c noi eiia cac gipt d i u xuyen qua nudc bj chi phii ehinh bai djnh luat Stocker Ngoai cdn cd mdt s l m l i lien he thu- d p eung anh hudng dang ke d i n van toe n l i ciia gipt nhu sy khuly trdn, sy ngung tu, viec thao cac chat r I n khdi buIng tach va cae chuyin dpng Brown Thdng thudng y^ku la '^d^ ^am chinh eua djnh luat Stocker, nhu'ng m l i lien he lien quan tdi van toe Nhu tuang dau nude dugc chia loai: Nhu tuang b i n va nhu tuang khdng b i n - Nhu tuang b i n : Nhu tuang dugc hinh ed sy hien dien cua chit hoat dpng b l mat (nhu xa phdng, cae chit hoat ddng b l mat ) NTND hoae la nudc thai dugc hinh d nhu'ng cdng doan cd eae chuyin dpng r l i manh Khdng the tach d i u nhu tuang b i n khdi nude thai bing cac cdng nghe taeh ca hpe thdng thudng Nhu tuang d i u loai phai dugc pha nhu bing hda chit hoae bing cac phuang phap dien, dien tir khac - Nhu tuang khdng b i n ed t h i hieu dan gian la loai nhu tuang ed t h i tach d i u khdi nudc thai bing cac phuang phap ca hpe thdng thudng Nhu tuang khdng b i n vi nhu tuang khdng duge on dinh chit hoat ddng b l mat hoae cae khuly dpng ca hpe manh va thdng thudng nhO tuang khdng b i n dugc tao tu' cae hat d i u Idn han so vdi nhu tuang b i n Thdng thudng chung ta d n xac djnh loai nhu tuang nao t i n tai NTND trudc dua quylt djnh sir dung he thing taeh nao d l taeh chung khdi NTND Vien D i u My da phat then mpt phuang phap d l xac djnh nhu tuang hda va phin hda tan eua d i u NTND Cd the tim phuang phap d tai lieu: "Determining of Suceptibility to oil Separation" Theo tai lieu thi mpt sd huong d i n DAU KHi - s o 8/2010 49 A N T O A N - MOI T R U d N G D A U KHi sau day cd the giup ta nhan bilt trang thai ciia nhu tuang dau nudc: - NhO'ng gipt d i u cd kich thude Idn thi nhu tuang it b i n vO'ng - Cae gipt d i u ed dudng kinh nhd han 10pm thi se tao nhu tuang b i n ea khdng cd sy hien dien eiia chit hoat ddng b l mat vi nhO'ng gipt d i u nhu vay se n i l len b l mat NTND vdi t i c dp eye ky cham - N l u NTND duge l l y m i u va phan tieh lien tue se eho ta thdng tin ring kich thude cac gipt d i u NTND la khdng thay doi Khi dd ta ed the khang djnh nhu tuang eung se b i n b i t c h i p kich thude gipt d i u Idn hay nhd * Kha nang tich dien cua nhO twang Giira eae mat phan each eua t i t ea eae chit r I n va chat Idng ton tai mdt dp chenh lech dien ddng hpe duge gpi la dien t h i Zeta Day la y l u t l ehinh lam cho cae chit keo b i n vO'ng Neu them vao nhiiu ion da hda trj mang dien tieh ngugc chilu vdi eae hat keo thi se xay hien tugng phdng dien Zeta di kem vdi hien tugng sa lang keo Bo sung vao nudc thai cac ion ciia chit tao nhu se lam euln hut b l mat phan each dIu/nudc va truyin dien tieh duang hay am eho moi gipt Muc dp k i t tu eua eae gipt giam d i n lye day tTnh dien giira cac hat tang len Cac gipt d i u nhu tuang dIu/nudc thudng tich dien am nhu dugc md ta d ly thuylt dien trudng Idp 6" trang thai nhu vay, cac gipt d i u du'ng canh hoae d r i t g i n vdi mat phan Idp cd tich dien ngugc chieu (dien duang) thi chung se duge s l p x I p song song vdi mat phan each va tao nen Idp dien trudng ddi, dd chinh la nguyen nhan de cae gipt d i u thudng d l y l i n Thyc tien cho thiy viec phdng tranh sy tao nhu tuang NTND se t i t han la phat thin cac cdng nghe tach nhu hO'u hieu Mpt each d l phdng hu'u hieu la giam thiiu t i i da lugng NTND bi khuly trdn manh Vi it bj khuly trpn manh se it cd ea hdi tao nhO'ng gipt d i u ed kich thude qua nhd, dau se de dang taeh khdi NTND Khi khong t h i tranh dugc sy khuly trpn manh thi cung nen tranh sy hien dien ciia chit hoat ddng be mat NTND Oilu cung cd nghTa se tao nhu'ng gipt d i u cd kich thude Idn DAU K H I - 8/2010 * Nong dd diu nw&c thai nhiim diu [3] Mpt cac each phan doan he thing tacii dIu/nude ed hoat dpng t i i uu khdng la khao sat nong dp d i u nude thai sau duge xir ly N l u nu'ac thai sau qua he thing xir ly cdn chira lugng dau han lOOppm thi ed t h i coi he thing khdng dat yeu d u Trong viec bilt nong dp d i u nudc thai da xir ly de phan doan kha nang van hanh ciia thiet bj thi viec bilt duge n i n g dp d i u nude thai cin xi) ly se giup ta ed nhu'ng quylt dinh quan trpng nhu can hay khdng d n cac thilt bj xir ly dae biet d l thu hoi dau tu' nudc thai va n l u cau tra Idi la cd thi cd t h i lya chgn thilt bj cu t h i nao d l tham gia xir ly? M u l n xac djnh ham lugng d i u nude thi miu d n phai giri tdi cac phdng thi nghiem chuyen nganh d l phan tieh Cue mdi trudng My (EPA) dua hai phuang phap de xae djnh ham lugng d i u md va chat beo (FOG) nudc thai: - Xac djnh bang phuang phap khoi lugng (phuang phap 413.1) - Xae dinh b i n g (phuang phap 413.2) phuang phap h i n g ngoai J Viec lya chpn ap dung phuang phap phan tich nao d l phan tich mau thupc nhirng thdng so ta can thu thap va yeu d u ve dp chinh xac ciia cac gia trj mk\ ta d n cd 1.2 Cong nghe taeh vi song de xw ly nhu tuvni i dau/nw&e 1.2.1 Khai quat cdng nghe tach vi sdng NhO'ng khai quat v l cdng nghe tach dugc trirr bay dudi day chii y l u tham khao tir san pham d$ quyin cua Cdng ty nghien eiru phat then thu hoi d l Hoang Gia - IPRC (Houston - Texac, Hoa Kjf Cdng nghe taeh vi sdng da duge IPRC cho thi nghiem tai hien trudng cua Nha may Igc d i u Torrance ciia Exxon Mobil d California va dua vao sir dung trer pham vi toan c l u thong qua mdt hgp d i n g thuang m^ giO'a IPRC va Exxon - Mobil Ngay cac thilt bj t^c vi sdng da dugc Exxon - Mobil va cac cong ty dau kh khac su' dung nhu la mpt cac phuang tien phi nhu chinh cua cdng nghiep d i u Nhu tuang dIu/nudc hoae nhu tuang nudc/dli» cd s i n d i u va nudc thai d eae nha may Ipc ho PETROVIETNAM ^''^wilii dau va nudc khai thae, d i u duge khai thae Oac d i l m eua chung la ban d i u nhu tuang t i n tai vdi khii lugng nhd va de xCr ly, theo thdi gian ehung tieh tu lai, gia tang v l t h i tich va viec xir ly chung se khd khan han N l u nhu tuang khdng duge xCr ly thi se dua tdi sy m i t mat hydrocaebon va gay sy d nhiem nguln nudc thai Ngoai n l u nhu tuang dIu/nudc di qua b l mat cac thilt bj thi chung se lam hu hdng hay t i c thiet bj dd Nhu tuang cdn gay hien tugng an mdn va bao mdn thiet bj lam gia tang viec tieu thu nang lugng Vi vay nhu tuang se lam gia tang viec bao tri va bao dudng thiet bj Chinh vi the, viec xir ly triet d l nhu tuang dIu/nude se dem lai Igi ich to Idn v l mdi trudng va nang lugng Cac nhu tuang dau/nude thudng rat ben vQng va khd tach Thdng thudng phai xir ly nhu tuang bing nhiet dp cao, bing hoa chit, bing cac ky thuat tach ca hpe truyen thing hoae bang viec k i t hgp cac phuang phap vdi (xem phin tong quan d tren) Thdng thudng gia xa ly nhu tuang dIu/nudc kha t i n kem n l u sir dung cac phuang phap xir ly da neu d tren Cac thiet bj tach vi sdng van hanh lien tuc, g i n nhu khdng d n giam sat va chung ed the van hanh ddng thdi vdi nhiiu ddng thai vdi ham lugng chat ran khac Thiet bj tach vi sdng vi vay ed t h i canh tranh cd hieu qua vdi cac thilt bj tach truyin thing khac de xCr ly nhu tuang d i u nudc thai cua edng nghiep d i u 1.2.2 Dac diim va tinh nang chinh cua cdng nghe tach vi sdng Cdng nghe taeh vi sdng eung d p mdt cdng nghe xir ly nhO tuang mdt each nhanh chdng vdi gia Nhung Igi ich ma edng nghe tach vi sdng dem lai eho ngudi sir dung cdn Idn han nhiiu so vdi chi phi phai bd vi: - Cai tiin dugc khau van hanh thilt bj; - Giam gia thanh; - Sinh Igi nhiiu, rut ngan thdi gian hoan von Cdng nghe tach vi sdng khac biet vdi cac phuong phap tach thdng thudng khac vi chung sii' dung phuong phap vat ly DAU KHi - S6 8/2010 51 A N TOAN - MOI T R U d N G oAU KHI de pha vd sy b i n vO'ng cua nhu tuang t i t han so vdi phuang phap hoa hpe Cdng nghe taeh vi sdng sir dung sy rung nhanh eiia trudng dien - dien tu" va mpt lye d l nap nang lugng lya chpn cho eae p h i n tir phan eye, ma chung ehinh la nguyen nhan tao sy b i n vO'ng cho cac b l mat phan each giira eae hat dIu/nude O i l u se giup be g l y sy be virng ciia nhu tuang dIu/nudc Cdng nghe taeh vi sdng cd the van hanh ty ddng hoan toan vdi quy trinh dan gian nen khdng nhlt thilt phai d n sy ed mat thudng xuyen eua nhan vien van hanh, vi t h i se lam giam gia xir ly ciia mdt m3 nudc thai nhiem d i u Dae biet thilt bj tach vi sdng ed t h i de dang lap dat d nhiing nai k l can vdi nguon phat sinh nhu tuang nen viee xCr ly nhu tuang se nhanh chdng, de dang va d i i u cdn dem lai nhiiu Igi ich khac nira Vi cac thilt bj taeh vi sdng cd the dat tryc t i i p d eae phan xudng cua cae nha may Ipe hoa - diu d l xir ly nhu tuang dIu/nude, d i i u se giam thiiu khii lugng nhu tuang dugc tao them n l u cac thilt bj xir- ly nhu tuang thdng thudng khac duge dat d nhO'ng nai tach biet vdi cac phan xudng Thiet ke, che tao thiet bj thi nghiem pha nhu tu'O'ng dau/nu'6'c cua nu'O'c thai nhiem dau 2.1 Cau tao va nguyen ly van hanh cua thiet bj pha nhu twang dau/nw&e bang vi song dien tir Mdi he thing tach vi sdng bao gdm: - Thilt bj tach vi sdng chuyen dung (da cd bing sang ehi); - Ngudn phat vi sdng; - Ong dan sdng va bd dd sdng; - Thilt bj va ty ddng hoa; - May bam; - Bp tach (nlu d n ) ; - Quan trae an toan & he thdng ty ddng ket noi 52 OAU KHI - s o 8'2010 Hinh Sa dd bd phan chinh ciia he thiit bi tach vi sdng He t h i n g edng nghe taeh vi sdng sir dung thiet bj taeh vi sdng chuyen dung d l hpi tu vi sdng hoae nang lugng dai t i n s l radio vao mdt nhu tuang va pha vd sy b i n vii'ng cua nhu tuang Hinh la sa d l bp phan ehinh ciia thilt bj tach vi sdng Vi sdng duge tao tir mdt thilt bj phat vi sdng thuang mai va duge dua qua mpt dudng truyln/dd sdng ty ddng de tdi thilt bj tach vi sdng chuyen dung Thilt bj truyln/dd sdng ty ddng vi sdng duge thilt k l va c h i tao tir loai vat lieu cd dp phan xa eao, khdng nhiim tu" va ed t h i cho phep han 99% nang lugng duge truyin tu' may phat (vi sdng) tdi thilt bi tach vi sdng vdi nang lugng bj tieu hao hoae quay trd lai may phat la r i t nhd NhO tuang ben dIu/nudc duge dan vao thilt bj tach vi sdng, nai cd mpt cira so truyin d i n vi sdng cho phep nang lugng vi sdng di qua tu' may phat tdi nhu tuang d n xir ly Nang lugng vi sdng duge hip thu uu tien bdi cac vat lieu phan eye, d i i u dugc tinh toan cho thilt bi tach vi sdng chi cd hieu qua nhlt viec xu" ly cae nhu tuang cdn nhiet dp t i n g t h i thi duge nang len d mdt chu'ng myc nao dd Nang lugng vi sdng se lam thay d i i sire cang b l mat va dp nhdt eua cac pha d i u - nude va lam nhu tuang trd nen kem b i n vO'ng Nhu tuang kem b i n vO'ng dd se dugc dua tdi bp taeh thdng thudng Cac cdng nghe taeh thdng thudng dugc sir dung cho viec Trong mdt s l trudng hgp, viec taeh trpng lye binh thudng dugc sir dung Ngoai cung ed t h i dung cac phuang phap tach bo sung chang han nhu tach ly tam, nhien ddi dung phuang phap tach bo sung qua manh s§ gay hieu qua x l u d i n phuang phap tach vi sdng [5] PETROVIETNAM Cdng nghe taeh vi sdng dung nang lugng dien tir d t i n s l 915 MHz Do dae tinh heng v l dien va tir, edng nghe taeh vi sdng se h i p thu uu tien d i i vdi pha nudc phan eye han la pha d i u khdng phan eye Cung eung vdi nhirng ly d tren ma nang lugng dien tu' cung chpn Ipc manh me d l lam gia tang cudng lye cua cae phan tir phan eye, cac nhdm chirc va cac chit rIn tieh dien, chung chinh la tae nhan giup eho viec on djnh b l mat phan each eua nhu tuang dIu/nudc Sy ehuyen dpng gay tir cac chit hoat ddng b l mat trudng dao ddng dien tu' la nguyen nhan lam thay doi sire cang b l mat va lam cho nhu tuang trd nen kem ben viing Nhu da d l cap d tren, viec gia tang nhiet dp tong t h i eua cae chit thudng d 50°F hoae t h i p han, cdn nhiet dp ben ngoai duge giir d dudi 200°F Thilt bj duge van hanh d ap suit t h i p 20 - 50psig O l tang cudng tinh hieu qua va mire dp linh hoat cua cae thilt bj tach vi sdng, eae thilt bj hoat ddng d hien trudng cd t h i k i t hgp sir dung vdi cae phuang tien djch vu chung nhu dien, nudc lanh, ddng hai nhiet, nita, khdng nen d cae nha may Ipc hoa d i u hoae cac ca sd san xult, nai ma he thing taeh vi sdng dugc l i p dat va van hanh Cac thilt bj tach vi sdng cdn dugc trang bj mpt he thing kilm tra toan dien va he thing taeh vi sdng ed t h i dugc giam sat tir xa bdi nhan vien van hanh thilt bj 2.2 Xae djnh eae thong so van hanh eua eong nghe Sau thilt bj tach vi sdng da dugc c h i tao hoan chinh v l mat ea khi, dien va dien tu' thi v i n d l cdn lai la xac djnh cae thdng s l van hanh ciia thilt bj ma ta ed the d i i u khiin qua trinh thu' nghiem tach cae m i u nude thai cd chira nhu tuang d i u nudc sau Theo tai lieu tham khao va dya vao nguyen ly van hanh ciia edng nghe tach vi sdng thi thdng s l ky thuat sau day ciia thilt bi la ed anh hudng nhiiu nhlt doi vdi qua trinh taeh nhO tuang d i u nude cua thilt bj ma Chung ta d n quan tam Cac thdng s l dd la: - Thdi gian tach: Day la y l u to anh hudng manh tdi hieu suit tach d i u ciia thilt bj Thilt bj taeh vi sdng ma ehung tdi e h i tao ed t h i thyc hien qua trinh tach nhu tuang d i u nudc d i n 99 phut - Nhiet dp thi nghiem: La kha nang diiu chfnh nhiet dp eua mau thir nghiem ma thilt bj taeh ehung tdi cd t h i tao Nhiet dp mau nudc thai thir nghiem cang cao thi thudng viec tach nhu tuang dIu/nudc m i u cang hieu qua Tuy nhien thyc te, viee xae djnh nhiet dp thich hgp cua mau nudc thai tiin hanh taeh vi sdng cdn phu thupc vao tinh kinh te cua qua trinh taeh Cd nghTa la thiet bj tach chi d n dua nhiet dp m i u nude thai len d mot nhiet dp vii-a phai de it t i n kem nang lugng tieu thu ma van dam bao hieu qua tach la du Thilt bj tach ma chung tdi c h i tao ed the diiu khien nhiet dp mau nude thai thir nghiem tu' nhiet dp mdi trudng len d i n 100°C - Cdng suit ciia thilt bj: La edng suit eua may phat nang lugng vi sdng va la mpt thdng s l quan trpng anh hudng d i n hieu suit tach d i u eiia thilt bi Do viec c h i tao thiet bj nhIm muc dich thi nghiem nen thilt bi cua chung tdi cd mire cdng s u i t cd t h i van hanh thir nghiem la 0,5 KW, 1,0 KW va 1,5 KW ThCc nghiem tach nhu tu'ang dau/nu'6'c bang vi song dien tif va Phu'O'ng phap tuyen noi ket hgp chat pha nhu 3.1 Thir nghiem 3.1.1 Khao sat hieu suit tach diu cua thiit bi tach vi sdng - Hieu suit tach d i u : P% = lugng d i u {mg/l da tach) X 100% lugng (mg/l ban diu) Cae mau nhu tuang d i u nude dua vao thilt bj tach vi sdng d l thir nghiem kha nang taeh eiia thilt bi Sau dd tiin hanh xac djnh ham lugng d i u cdn lai bing phuang phap phan tich quang tir ngoai Cd thdng s l ehinh sau day se dugc dua vao thi nghiem de khao sat kha nang tach d i u cua thiet bj taeh vi sdng: - Thdi gian tach (giay); - Nhiet dp (OC); - Cdng suit ciia thilt bj tach vi sdng (KW); -pH DAU KHt - 8/2010 53 Hl^u suit tich d i u theo thM gian 60 o l khao sat cae thdng sd thi nghiem nham xae djnh c h i dp lam viec toi uu, ehung tdi c l djnh ham lugng d i u nude thai d n i n g dp 150mg/l Day la ning dp ma he nhu thudng b i n nhat d NTND cua cac nha may Ipe hda d i u [4] va viee khao sat sy phu thupc giua hieu suit tach d i u eua thilt bj tach vi sdng vdi ndng dp dau nude thai se dugc thyc hien rieng biet va se dugc trinh bay d phin t i i p theo Ngoai the tich mau nude thai (gia dinh) d l thi nghiem c l djnh d the tieh 200ml 70 Th6f gian (s| Do thj Hieu suit tach diu ciia thiet bi tach vi sdng va thai gian tach * Khao sat hieu suit tach diu phu thude vao cdng suit cua thiit bi Hieu suit tach d i u phu thude vao edng suit cua thilt bj tach vi sdng duge trinh bay d O l thj H l ^ u s u A t t A c h dAu t t i « o c A n g suAt o l khao sat sy lien he giO'a hieu suit taeh ciia thilt bj taeh vi sdng vdi thdng s l neu tren chung tdi se c l djnh thdng sd va thay d i i mdt thdng sd d n khao sat eu t h i - Khao sat sy lien he eiia thdi gian tach vdi hieu suit tach, ehung tdi e l djnh: pH = 7, nhiet dp = 550C, cdng suit taeh = 1,5 KW cdn thdi gian taeh dugc thay doi tir 30 - 75 giay C«na * ^ t (KWn - D l khao sat sy lien he giO'a cdng suit taeh eua thiet bj vdi hieu suat taeh chung tdi phai cd djnh: pH 7, nhiet dp = 550C, thdi gian 40 giay, cdn cdng suit taeh dugc thay doi tu' 0,5 - 1,5 KW Do thj Hieu suit tach diu phu thude vao cdng suat ciia thiit bi tach vi sdng - Sy lien he giiia hieu qua taeh vdi nhiet dp thi ehung tdi c l djnh cdng suit eiia thilt bj taeh la b i n g 1,5 KW, thdi gian la 40 giay, pH = 7, cdn nhiet dp eua nude thai chira d i u duge thay doi tir 35 - 80^0 Hieu s u i t tach d i u phu thupc vao nhiet dp ciia thilt bj tach vi sdng dugc trinh bay d D l thj Va d l khao sat mdi lien he giO'a hieu suat tach cua thilt bj vdi pH eiia nude thai thi nghiem chung tdi c l djnh cac thdng s l : Cdng suit eiia thilt bj tach 1,5 KW, nhiet dp cua mau nude thai thi nghiem la 550C, thdi gian tach giu' c l djnh d 40 giay va pH eua mau nudc thai thir nghiem dugc thay doi til' 6,0 - 8,0 * Khao sat hieu suit tach diu phu thude nhiet H i « U s u At tdc h d^u t h e o n t i l ^ dO £ ; • 500mg/l - Cd t h i xem hieu suit tach d i u eua phuang phap tach vi sdng tuang ty vdi phuang phap tuyln noi truyin thong Viec so sanh hai phuang phap se cdn duge d l cap d i n cae khia canh: Gia xa ly, mire dp phirc tap van hanh thilt bj eOng nhu sy yeu d u bao dudng thilt bj (se dugc d l cap d bai bao khac) Ket luan 4O0 500 Htm lu^ng cliu/niJ.«.c (nig/l> Do thj Hieu qua tach dau (dang nhu tuang) cua phuang phap tach vi sdng va phuang phap tuyin noi (DAF) Qua k i t qua thir nghiem cdng nghe vi sdng de tach nhu tuang dlu/nudc nude thai nhiim d i u tren thilt bi taeh vi sdng ty e h i tao Chung tdi cd the khang djnh ring thilt bj tach vi sdng cd kha nang tach va thu h i i d i u dudi dang nhu tuang dlu/nudc vdi DAU KHi - 36 8/201 n 57 hieu qua cao, dap irng d l y du cac tieu chuin mdi trudng ciia Viet Nam va khdng thua kem b i t ky phuang phap tach va thu h i i d i u b i n g cac cdng nghe truyin thing khac Ngoai ra, cac cdng nghe taeh vi sdng la edng nghe tach vat ly nen bao toan dagc d i u d nhiim d l tai sir dung Cdng nghe tach vi sdng khong san sinh bat ky cac san p h i m phu nao khac cd t h i gay d nhiim thir d p nhu phuang phap tuyen noi DAF ed them phu gia pha nhu hay cac phuang phap xir ly nhu tuang d l u / n u d c b i n g cdng nghe hda hpe Ngoai thilt bj vi sdng gpn nhe, b i n ehic va van hanh dan gian nen khdng ddi hdi mat b i n g rdng, d n it nhan cdng van hanh, chi phi bao dudng thilt bj t h i p la nhirng uu viet v l kinh t l eua edng nghe dem lai ma cac cdng nghe taeh truyin t h i n g khac khdng cd Chung tdi mong mudn va tin tudng r i n g tuang lai g i n Viet Nam se sir dung rdng rai edng nghe taeh vi sdng viec xir ly va thu hoi d i u d nhiem nudc thai nhiim d i u gdp phin bao ve hieu qua mdi trudng 58 DAU KHi - 8/2010 Tai lieu tham khao Le Thj Phugng va nnk Xir ly nw&e thai bSngi phwang phap vi sdng dien tir de thu hoi diu a thi nhu\ twang nw&c thai nhiim diu Bao cao tong kit d | tai nghien cu'u khoa hpe d p nganh 2008 Steve King Small Quantity Generator Dili Wasterwater Management Study Final Reporl 11/1999 George R Ahher Put the Breaks on waste water Emulsion Biomin - Ine, 8/2008 John N Veenstra Ph D P E Refinery waste water Management Using Multiple Angle Oil Wa^ Seperator As paper presented at the Internation Petroleum Environment Conference New Mexic 10/1998 Kenneth R Abison; David S Me Caffeyjj Microwave Separation Technology (MST) Effective Seperation Emulsions to Reduce Associate Environmental Impacts and Increase Processin Capabilities 9/2000 • [...]... it nhan cdng van hanh, chi phi bao dudng thilt bj t h i p la nhirng uu viet v l kinh t l eua edng nghe nay dem lai ma cac cdng nghe taeh truyin t h i n g khac khdng cd Chung tdi mong mudn va tin tudng r i n g trong tuang lai g i n Viet Nam se sir dung rdng rai edng nghe taeh vi sdng trong viec xir ly va thu hoi d i u d nhiem trong nudc thai nhiim d i u gdp phin bao ve hieu qua mdi trudng 58 DAU KHi... tach vi sdng va phuang phap tuyin noi (DAF) Qua k i t qua thir nghiem cdng nghe vi sdng de tach nhu tuang dlu/nudc trong nude thai nhiim d i u tren thilt bi taeh vi sdng ty e h i tao Chung tdi cd the khang djnh ring thilt bj tach vi sdng cd kha nang tach va thu h i i d i u dudi dang nhu tuang dlu/nudc vdi DAU KHi - 36 8/201 n 57 hieu qua cao, dap irng d l y du cac tieu chuin mdi trudng ciia Viet Nam. .. dp d i u trong m i u nude thai K i t qua khao sat so sanh vdi phuang phap vi sdng dien t h i hien d O l thj 6 S o sAnh hl^u suAt tAch dAu ttieo h A m luMpno d^u/ninirc giOa p h i v o ^ g p h A p vi s O n g vA phu>o.ng p h A p tuyAn n 6 l - Cd the thiy kha rd rang phuang phap tuyen noi (DAF) ed them chit pha nhu la phuang phap taeh va thu hoi d i u trong nudc thai d dang nhu tuang tuyet vdi trong vung... mdi trudng ma cdn dap irng kha nang thu h i i d i u tu' nudc thai nhiem d i u phuc vu tieu ehi phat trien b i n vii'ng trong san xult Tu" k i t qua tren ed t h i nhan xet nhu sau: - Hieu suit taeh d i u ciia ea 2 phuang phap vi sdng va tuyln n i l d i u rat tuyet vdi cho vung ndng dp d i u trong nudc thai tir 20mg/l d i n dudi 500 mg/l - Chi ed sy khac biet r i t nhd v l hieu suit tach ciia 2 phuang... phuang phap vi sdng Cdn d vung ning dp cuoi 420 - 470 mg/l thi hieu suit tach cua phuang phap vi sdng trpi han so phuang phap tuyln n i l Oilu nay eung trung hgp vdi cac nghien cuu khac v l phuang phap tuyln n l i la cho hieu suit tach khdng duge t i t khi ning dp dIu/nude > 500mg/l - Cd t h i xem hieu suit tach d i u eua phuang phap tach vi sdng tuang ty vdi phuang phap tuyln noi truyin thong Viec so... Ngoai ra, cac cdng nghe taeh vi sdng la edng nghe tach vat ly nen bao toan dagc d i u d nhiim d l tai sir dung Cdng nghe tach vi sdng khong san sinh bat ky cac san p h i m phu nao khac cd t h i gay d nhiim thir d p nhu phuang phap tuyen noi DAF do ed them phu gia pha nhu hay cac phuang phap xir ly nhu tuang d l u / n u d c b i n g cdng nghe hda hpe Ngoai ra do thilt bj vi sdng gpn nhe, b i n ehic va... thu hoi d i u trong nudc thai d dang nhu tuang tuyet vdi trong vung ning dp d i u trong nude thai tu 20mg/l d i n 470mg/l - Nhirng gi da dugc nhan xet cho thi nghiem tuang ty doi vdi phuang phap taeh vi sdng thi eung hoan toan cd t h i van dung de nhan xet eho hieu qua taeh d i u ciia phuang phap tach nhu tuang d i u trong nudc thai theo phuang phap tuyen noi (OAF) cd them hda c h i t pha nhu Ca 2... Refinery waste water Management Using Multiple Angle Oil Wa^ Seperator As paper presented at the Internation Petroleum Environment Conference New Mexic 10/1998 5 Kenneth R Abison; David S Me Caffeyjj Microwave Separation Technology (MST) Effective Seperation Emulsions to Reduce Associate Environmental Impacts and Increase Processin Capabilities 9/2000 • ... i u d nhiem trong nudc thai nhiim d i u gdp phin bao ve hieu qua mdi trudng 58 DAU KHi - 3 6 8/2010 Tai lieu tham khao 1 Le Thj Phugng va nnk Xir ly nw&e thai bSngi phwang phap vi sdng dien tir de thu hoi diu a thi nhu\ twang trong nw&c thai nhiim diu Bao cao tong kit d | tai nghien cu'u khoa hpe d p nganh 2008 2 Steve King Small Quantity Generator Dili Wasterwater Management Study Final Reporl 11/1999...PETROVIETNAM ciia phuang phap tuyln noi nay, cu t h i la cae thdng s l : pH cua mau thir, khao sat lugng chit pha nhu va thdi gian tach m i u d n thilt * Kit qua khao sat, lwa chon cae thdng so thi nghiem toi ... tugng an mdn va bao mdn thiet bj lam gia tang viec tieu thu nang lugng Vi vay nhu tuang se lam gia tang viec bao tri va bao dudng thiet bj Chinh vi the, viec xir ly triet d l nhu tuang dIu/nude se... bi tach vi sdng He t h i n g edng nghe taeh vi sdng sir dung thiet bj taeh vi sdng chuyen dung d l hpi tu vi sdng hoae nang lugng dai t i n s l radio vao mdt nhu tuang va pha vd sy b i n vii'ng... tach vi sdng Vi sdng duge tao tir mdt thilt bj phat vi sdng thuang mai va duge dua qua mpt dudng truyln/dd sdng ty ddng de tdi thilt bj tach vi sdng chuyen dung Thilt bj truyln/dd sdng ty ddng vi