B Y T TRNG I HC Dc H NI NGUYấN TH THU HIấN GOP PHN TèM HIấU TC DNG KHONG MONG MUON CUA MT so CY THUC Cể THNH PHN HểA HC CHNH L SAPONIN V ANTHRANOID KHểA LUN TT NGHIP Dc s Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS Phung Hũa Binh Ni thc hin: B mụn Dc c truyn H NI - 201 MC LC 0LI CM N Trc tiờn, túi xin by tú lng hiớ n sõu sc ti PGS.TS Phựng Hũa Bỡnh, ngi thy luụn quan tõm, giỳp , hng dan v ng vin i trng suụt quỏ trỡnh thc hin v hon thnh ti ny Xn chn thnh cõm n cỏc thy, c v cỏc anh ch k thut viờn B mõn Dc hc C truy?n giỳp v lo iu kin cho tụi irong qỏ trỡnh nghin cu, thc hiờn ti Xin chõn (hnh cm n cỏc cn b phũng o to, cỏc b mn, phũng ban khỏc ca trng i hc Dc H Ni Cuụi cng xin gi li cõm n ỡ gia ỡnh v bn be, nhng ngi ó luụn luụn ng viờn, giỳp v úng gúp ý kin cho tụi hon thnh kho lun ny l Ni, ngy thỏng nừm 2010 Sinh viờn Nguyn Th Thu Hin Trang DANH MC CC BNG DANH MC CC VIẫT TT CCD DD-TT G LDS0 PNCT THA TKTW tt TTY YHCT ADR(Adverse drug reaction) GAS(Ginseng abuse syndrome) WHO(world health organization) chụng chỡ nh d dy t trng glucose lethal dose 50% ph n cỏ thai tng huyt ỏp thn kinh trung ng thờ trng thuục thiờt vờu y hc c truyn phn ng bt li cựa thuc Kí HIU, CC CH hi chng lm dng nhõn sõm tụ clic y t th gi DANH MC CC BNG i S ụ 1T Ký Ni dung hiu Trang Bng Cõy thuc cú thnh phn húa hc chớnh l 1.1 saponn ng Cõy thue cú thnh phn húa hc chớnh l 1.2 anthranoid Bng 47 Bng túm tt s lc tỏc dng khụng 3.1 mong muụn ca mt s cõy thuc Bng 48 Bnq túm tỏt cnh bỏo v chũng chỡ nh 3.2 cựa mt sụ cõy thuc T VN ẩ Vic S dng cv cụ cú ngun gc thiờn nhiờn dó cú t rt lõu trờn th gii Ngoi vic s dng i sng hng ngy, cõy c cũn dc s dng tr bnh Dng thi vi tỏc dng cú li L nhng tỏc dng bõl li cho Cun ngi nh gõy rụi lon chc nng c th, gõy c v cú th gõy t vong Thụng tin v tỏc dng bt li dó c ghi y vón c, nhớmô chự yu l c tớnh cap nhu ụ õu, mó tiờn hoc kớch ng nh bn h, nam tinh Hn nay, trn th gi vic s dng cy c thnh nhng chờ phm (ihuc, thc phm chc nng) phc v i sng ngi ngỏy cng gia tõng Thụng thng cỏc nh sn xuớ quan tõm nhiu den tỏc dng cú i (tr bnh, iu hũa c th) m ớt quan tõm n tỏc dng bt li cho ngi, s dng cho cng ng mt cỏch an ton v hiu qu, cỏc nh nghiờn cu nhiu quc gia trộn th eii nghiờn cu tỏc dng bal li nhm khuyn cỏo ml s thng tin cn cnh giỏc oi vi nh sn xut v ngi tiờu dựng Thc t Vit Nam, hai thp niờtt gn y, khong 400 ch phm thuc v hng trõm thc phm chc nng cú ngun gc cõy c DANH MC CC BNG xut hin trờn th trng, Tu liu mang lớnh h Ihong v an ton ca thuc cy cũ cũn quỏ ớt v ri rc nờn cỏc ch phm cũn thiu thụng tn v tỏc dng bt li iu ú tim n nhiu nguy c cho ngi bnh V vy, chng ti thc hin ti Gp phn tỡm hiu tỏc dng khụng mong mn cựa mt s cõy thuc cú ớhnh phn hũa hc chớnh l saponin v anthranoid nham mc ớch: Thu thp cỏc thụng tin v tỏc (lng bẫ li ca ml s cõy thuc cỳ LhiH thnh phin chớnh l saponin v anthranoi 6 H thng húa cỏc thụng D tra cu s dng mt cỏch d dng.CHNG TNG QUAN 1.1 Tỏc dng khụng mong mun cựa ớhue ỡ I.nh ngha Theo nh Rghii ca WHO, thuc l sn phm dc phm, c s ng hoc trn c th ngi d phũng bớnh, chn oan hay cha bnh, hoc lm thỏy di mt chc nng sinh lý Khi v c nh, mt thuục cú th gõy nhiu tỏc dng nhung hng ch c mt vi tỏc dng c dTig vi mc ớch ieu tr v c gi l tỏc dng chớnh, tỏc dng cú li Phn ]ún cỏc tỏc dng khỏc dc gi l tỏc dng khng mong muon, tc dne ph hoc phn ng bt ij cua ihuc [118] Theo nh Iigha ca T chc Y l Th gii (2002), phằ ng bt li ca thuc (Adverse drug reaction - ADR) l mt phn ng c hi, khụng dc dnh trc v xuõt hin liờu thng dựng cho ngi ộ phũng bnh, chõn oỏn, cha bnh hoc lm thay i mt chc nõng sinh lý 1118] Nh vy ADR l ten gi chung cho mi tỏc ng khụng mong mun xy dựng thuc dỳng liu nh ngha ny khúna bao gm nhng phn ỳng dựng sai thuc, dựng sai liu, dựmằ liu cao cú chự nh hoc v tỡnh Nguy c xut hin ADR l hu qu khụng th trỏnh khúi dựng thuc 1'rong nhng ihp ky va qua, nliớcu nghiờn cu cho thy t l mc bnh v t vong thuc l mt d y t ln cn c s quan tõm ca c cng ng / ,2 Cỏc quan im v tỏc ng khụng mong mun ..2 L Theo V hc hin i Phn ng bat li ca ihuoc ADR (i-c chia lm loi l; > Phn ne dng A: 7 + L cỏc phn n cú th tiờn lng dc + Cú liờn quan n dc tớnh dirc lý cựa thuc: l túc dng dc lý quỏ mc hoc l biộu hin cựa tỏc dng dc lý mt v trớ khỏc + Thng ph thuc vo liờu dựng > Phn ng dng 3; + Thng khúne tiờn lng c + Khụng liờn quan ộn lỏc dng dc lý ó bict ca thuc + Khụng ph thuc rừ rng vo liu dựng + Thng cú liờn quan ti cỏc yu t di truyn hoc dch, d ng, u bu, cỏc yu t gõy quỏi thai Cú nhiu trng hp tai bin phỏt sinh trung quỏ irỡnh diu tr m nguyờn nhn chua c xỏc nh Nguyờn nhõn Irony trng hp ny khụng chi thuục gõy mó cú th cỏc yu t khỏc nhu s tin trớen nng fhm cựa bnh hoc mt bnh khc phỏt sinh Nhns trng hp nh vy gi l bin c bt li ca thuc (adverse drug experience / ad verse drug event - BE) Rờn cnh cỏc phn ng ht li ADR, cỏc liờn quan n an ton dựng thuc cũn bao gm c ]m dng thuc, s dng sai, quỏ liu, ng c, tht bi iu tr v chat ln; thuc [118] 1.2.2 Theo y hc c truyn Tỏc dng khụng mong mun ca thuc xy dựng cỏc vj thuc c tớnh dc, tớnh kớch nn, hoc kt hp vi thuc khỏc gõy tng c tớnh [2] LI.3 Mt s nguyờn nhõn góy tỏc dng khụtig mong muon ca cõy thuoc v thuc c truvn [2], + Thnh phn húa hc cõy gõy tỏc dng khụng mong mun Vớ d nhm cõy thuc cha saponin thne eõy kớch ng niờm mc, ht hi, d mat, liu cao gy nụn ma, i liig, 8 + Ch bin Che bin thuc c truyn nhm mc ớch thay i tnh v, tng tỏc ng cựa thuc v gim hcrt dc tớnh, tỏc dng bt li Vớ d mó tin cci dc linh mnh strychnin cn rỏn V du thc vt gim c tớnh Neu quỏ trỡiih ch bin khụiE, tt, c tớnh ca thuc cha c loi trir dựng cú th gõv tỏc dn^ c hi Nhiu v rtluc d M,õ ng dc, nụn mua nờu bóo chờ khụng k nh bn h thờ, ph l ^hờ + Tng t ỏc Hai v thuc gi l Lna phn vi dựng phi hp chỳng gay tng c tớnh cho c th Vớ d dựng phoi hp te tõn vi Lờ lụ s Q,õy mự mỏt cho no,iri bnh Tiren g tỏc gia cy t v thuc lõn dc: Klii dựng trch t cựng vi nhựng loi thuc l tiu tõy y khỏc Iih Spironolacton cú th dn ti tng kali huyt + Yeu to khỏc: Thuc c truvốn cú húa cht bo v thc vt t t, nc b nhim cha Hg, As ene gõv dc tớnh dựng Dựng qu liu, thi gian di uú thờ gõy nhng ton hi cho c th- Vi d mc thụng l v thuc li tiu, dng vi liu cao kộo di cú the gõy nờn suy thn 1.2 Vic nghiờn cu dc tớnh v tóc dng khng mong mun cựa cỏy thuc .2, Treiù f t g'iiri Vic S dng thuc cụ ngun gc t nhiờn ngy cng trũ nờn bin trn th gii, Cỏc nh khoa hc nhiu quc gia dó trung vo nghiờn cu cỏc de liờn quan ộn an ton ca Ihuc Lhỏo dirc nh dc Linh, cỏu tỏc dng ph cú hi Lrn dng vt vỏ ngi c tớnh thng c nghiờn cu cỏc trng hp c cp tớnh, bỏn trimg din, trng din, bt thng [117J Cỏc ch ý khuyờn cỏo v chng th nh, phn ng cú hi dó c nghiờn cu, thng k khỏ h thng Cỏc phn ng cú hi ch yu c nthicn cu trờn cc i tng dc hit 9 nh ph n cú thai, cho bỳ, tr em, ngi gi v trờn cỏc tng ph cựa c th nh gan, thn, tim, phoi, d y trờn cỏc ri lon chc nn nih trờn chuyn húa mỏu, d ng, da Dc bit cỏc phn ng cú h liờn quan ốn ung th, i bin 1.2.1 Vit Nam Vic sn xut v s dne, thuc c truvn Vit Nam l rt ph bien nhng vic nghiờn cu v thong k v an ton cõy thuc cn ri rc cha h thong, dn ti nguy c lim Trng Di ht Dt I Ni B mụn Dc hc c truyn Trng i hc Dc H Ni (2002), Dc hc c truyn, NXB Y hoc, H Ni B T t, Chng trỡnh hp tỏc y t VN -Thy in, Hong Bo Chõu, Thuc c rỡỡyn ( 997), Tc ng khng niúng muon ó kc, Nh xỡlt bn hC' B Y l (2005), Dnnh mc Ihuc TTY ln th V theo quvt dnh cựa R Y tộ s 17/2005/Q-BYT ngy 0L thỏng nm 2005 Tt Li (2005), Nhng cõy thuc v v thuc Vit Nam, NXB Y hc H Ni, 6- Vin Dc liu: n Huy ỡớch, Dng Quang Chung, Bựi Xuõn Chng v cng s (2004), Cõy thuc v ng vt m thuc Vit Nam, NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni Nguyn Ngc Xuõn (2004), Nghiờn cu tỏc dng h ng huyt ca Tho pmc linh Smiiax Glabra trờn sỳc vt thc nghim LA Tiộn S Y hc, Trỡmiớ di hc Y H Ni, H Ni TING ANH American Society of Hospital Pharmacists (1990), American hospital formulary service, Bethesda, MD Argote-Espinosa RM, Flores-Huertn s, Hemandez-Montes H (1992), Plasma clcarancc of ethanol and its excretion in the milk of rural women who consume pulque, Rev Invest Clin, 44(1), pp.31-36 10 Aronson JK et al (2009), Meyler's side effects of herbal medicines, Elsevier, Amsterdam 11 Awang DV (1991), Maternal use of ginseng and neonatal androgenization, JAMA 266, pp 363 12 Backstrand JR, Goodman AH, Allen, LH, et al (2004), Pulque intake during pregnancy and lactation in rural Mexico; alcohol and child growth from to 57 months, EurJ Clin Nutr, 58(12), pp 1626-1634 13 Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD (2005), Herbal, Pharmaceutical Press, London 14 Barrett ML (2004) The handbook of clinically tested herbal remedies, Ilaworth Herbal Press: Pharmaceutical Products Press; Haworth Medical Press, New York, 15 BenĐky D, Clavey Đ, Stoger E (2004), Chime- herbal miicim : maimo 16 17 18 19 medica (3rd edition), Eastland Press, Seaiile, WA Bensky, D and Gamble (1986J, Chinese herbal Medicine, Eastland Press, Seattle Bcucrs U, Spcnglcr U, Pape GR (1991), 'Hepatitis after chronic abuse of senna, Lancet 337, pp 472 Bilbao 1, Aguirre A, Zabala R, Goitzalez R, Raton J, Diaz Perez JL.(1995), Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella as.iatica extract, Contact Dermatitis, 33(6), pp 435-6 Blumenthal, M.,ed.;S.Klein,trans.( 1993), Therapeutic Monographs on Medicinal Plants for Human Use of the Commission E Special Expert Committee, Federal Health Agency, Germany, American botanical council Austin, 20 21 22 23 Boikova VV Korkhov VV Paseshnichenko VA (1990), Contraceptive activity of deltonin isolated from DtoscoreaDcltoida wall, Rastitel'nye Resursy 26 pp.85-88 Borup LH} JJ Meehan, JM Severson, et al (2003), Terminal spine of agave plant extracted from patient's spinal cord, AIR Am J Roentgenol, 181(4) pp.l 155-1156 Bown D (1995), Encyclopaedia of Herbs and their Uses, Dorling Kinders ley, London, Bradley P.R., ed (1992), British Herbal Compendium, vol 1, British Herbal Mcdicinc Association, Dorest 24 Bradley P.R., ed (1992), British herbal compendium: a handbook of scientific information on widely used plant drugs, British Herbal Medicine Association, Dorest 25 Brazzelli V, Romano E, Balduzzi A, et al.(1995), Acute irritant contact dermatitis from Agave americana L, Contact Dermatitis, 33(1),pp 60-61 Brenner S Landau M, Goldberg 1.(1998), Contact dermatitis with systemic symptoms firom Agave Americana, Dermatology, 196(4), pp.40Đ411 Blinker F (2000), The Toxicology of Botanical Medicines, Fcleetic Medical Publications Sandy OR Chan LY, Chiu PY, Lau T (2003), An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rbl- induccd tcratogenieity using a whole rat embryo culture model, Hum Reprod 18, pp 2166-2168 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Chan TY, Chan AY, Critchley JA.(1992), Hospital admissions due to adverse reactions to Chinese herbal medicines, J Trap Med Hyg, 95(4), pp 296-8 Chang HM But PPH, eds (1987), Pharmacology and applications of Chinese materia medica, Vol World Scientific Publishing Singapore Chang, 1LM and P.P.H But, (1986), Pharmacology and applications of Chinese Materia Medica, World Scientific, Philadenphia Chcarskul S.Kooptiwut S,Chatchavvalvanit S,Onreabroi S,ChurintrapunM, Saralamp P, Soonthomcharconnon N (2004), Morinda citrifolia has very weak estrogenic activity in vivo, Thai J Physiol Set, 17(1), pp 22-9 Cherpelis BS, Fenske NA.(2000), Purpuric irritant contact dermatitis induced by Agave americana, Cutis, 66(4), pp.287288 Cleland IB (193^, Plants, including fungi, poisonous or otherwise injurious toman in Australia Series III, Med J^wi/2,pp.775-778 Cos P Hermans N, De OruytiO T, et al (2002), Further evaluation of Rwandan medicinal plant extracts for their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, J Ethnopharmacol 79, pp.l 55-163 Crabbe P (1979} Mexican plants and human fertility, UNESCO Cour 7, pp.3334 Danese P, Camevali C., Bertazzoni MG (1994), Allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica extract Contact dermatitis 31, 38 pp 201 Dega H, Laporte JL, Frances C, Herson S, Chosidow O (1996), Ginseng as a cause for Stevens-Johnsoil syndrome?, Lancet 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 347, pp 1344 Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN and Ray C (1968), Screening of Indian plants for biological activity Indian J Exp Biol 6, pp 232 DR Danielson, KJ Reinhard (1998) Human dental microwear caused by calcium oxalate phytulilhs in prehistoric diet of the lower POCOS region, Texas, Am J Phys Anthropol, 107(3), pp.297-304 Duke JA, ct al (2002), Handbook of medicinal herbs, CRC Press Boca Raton Eng PA, Yman L, Maaninen E, Wuthrich B.(1996), Inhalant allergy to fresh asparagus, Clin Exp Allergy, 26(3), pp.330-4 Escribano MM, Munoz-Bellido FJ, Serrano P, de la Calle A, Conde J (1998), Acutc urticaria after ingestion of asparagus, Allergy, 53(6), pp,622-3 Eun IIC, Lee AY (1985), Contact dermatitis due to madecassol, Contact Dermatitis, 13(5), pp 310-313 Farnsworth NR Ringel AS, Cordell GA, Crane FA, Fong HH (1975), Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents II, J PharmSci 64, pp 717-753 Feller, H.W and J.U.Lloyd (1898), King's American Dispensatory, The Ohio Valley Co, Cincinati Foster, S and Tyler, V.E (1999), Tyler's honest herbal: a sensible guide to the use of herbs and related remedies, 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Haworth Herbal Press, New York, pp.353- 354 Golan H, Landau M, Goldberg I, et aJ (2000), Dermatitis from contact with Agave americana* Hwefiiah, 139(7-8), 276-8, 326, Greenspan EM.(1983), Ginseng and vaginal bleeding, JAMA 249, pp 2018 Gruenwald J, el al (2004), PDR for Herbal Medicines 2rd ed Medical Economics, Montvalc, NJ Hammoủcl TG, Whitworth JA (19Đ 1), Adverse reactions to ginseng, Med J Aust 1, pp 492 Han ST, Lin CC (2003) Cardiac toxicity causcd by Achyranthcs aspera Vet Hum Toxicol, 45(4), pp.212-213 Hansel R, Keller K? Rimpler H Schneider G (Ed) (1992,1, Hagers Hundhuch Her Pharmazeutivchen Praxis, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg New York Hausen BM, Wolf C.(1996), 1,2,3-Trithianc-5-carboxylic acid, a first contact allergen from Asparagus officinalis, AmJ Contact Dermal,7(1), pp.41-6 Herr S M., Ernst E, Young V S L (2005), Herb-drug interaction handbook Church Street Books, Castleton, NY High WA (2003), Agave contact dermatitis, Am J Contact Dermat, 14(4), pp.213-214 Hopkins MP, Androff L, Bcnninghoff AS.(1988), Ginseng face cream and unexplained vaginal bleeding, Am J Obstet Gynecol 58 159, pp 1121*1122 Horowitz RS, Feldhaus K, Dart RC, et al (1996), The clinical spectrum of jin bu huan toxicity, Arch Intern Med, 156(8),pp.899-903 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Huang, K C (1993), The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL Iwu MM, Okunji CO, Ohiaeri GO et al (1990), Hypoglycaemie activity of dioscorctinc from tubers of Dioscorea dumetorum in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits, Planta Med 56, pp.264-267 tzu R ct al.(1992), Allergie contact dermatitis from a cream containing Centella asiatica extract, Contact dermatitis 26, pp.192-193 Jin LQ, Zheng ZJ, Peng Y, Li WX, Chen XM, Lu JX.(2007), Opposite effects on tumor growth depending ondose of Achyranthes bidenlala polysaccharides in C57BL/6 mice, Int Immunopharmacol, 7(5), pp.568-77 Johnson IT et al.(l986), Influence of saponins on gut permeability and active nutrient transport in vitro, J Nutr 116,pp 2270-2277 Jorge OA, Jorge AD {2005}, Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella ọsiọticọ, Revistọ Espọnửfọ deEnfermedọdesDigesifvas, 97(2), pp.I Id124 Kern JR* CardelJina JH (1983), Native American medicinal plants Anemonin from the horse stimulant Clematis hirsutisshna, J Ethnopharmacol 8, pp 121123 Kcmer J, Mitchell J, Maibach HI.(1973), Irritant contact dermatitis from Agave americana L Incorrect use of sap as "hair restorer", Arch Dermatol, 108(1)ằ pp 102-103 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 Kingsbury ,J.M (1964), Poisonous Plants of United states and Canada Prentice Hall, Lnglewood Cliffs, NJ Koh H L, Chua T K, Tan C H (2009), A guide to medicinal plants : an illustrated, scientific and medicinal approach, World Scientific Pub, Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ Koren Cf, Randor S, Martin S, Danneinan D (1990), Maternal use of ginseng and neonatal androgenizalion, JAMA 264, pp 2866 Kraft K Hobbs C (2004), Pocket guide to herbal medicine,Thieme, Stuttgart New York Kuhn M A, Winston D (2008), Winston & Kuhn's herbal therapy & supplements: a scientific [...]... thụnp tin - X lý thừng tớn + Lp c s d liu + X lý liu theo phng phỏp thng kờ thụng thng CHNG 3 KẫT QU - Thụng tin v tỏc ôlng khụng mong mun ca mt s cõv thuc c thnh phn ha hc chớnh Lự saponin 3.1 Thụng tớn v tỏc dng khụng tting mutt ca mt s cõy thuc cú thnh phn húa hc chnh t saponin tritcrpenoid 3.1 B KT Tờn khoa hc Gleditschia ausrais Herns., h u (Fabcaố), B phn dựng: qu, ht, gai Tèini phn hoa hc... phn dựng: R c Thnh phn búa hc chớnh: saponin triterpenod (gingsenosi -R.b| 2, Rd, Re, Rgi2, i-h|; gypenosid XVII; notoginsenosid K 2,34 0, Fa) aJcaloid, prtid, saccarid, lipid, Tinh du, cỏc acid arnin t d, caroten v calci [1], [5] I> an ton: Nhúm 2b: khụng dựng trong thi k cú ihai [78] c tớnh: + Cp tớnh: LD5cớia saponin i 1246mg/kg ớt chut nht ng tiờm di da LDj0 ca saponin l 628mg/kg tt chut nhỏt ng... Thnh phn húa hc chớnh; saponin triterpenoid (gingsenosid-Rai 2,3 Rbl23, Rc, Rd, Rc, Rf, Rgi 23, Rh, Rs, Ro), tinh du, vit B|, Bz, phytosterol, glycan [1], [5], [6], [114]. an ton; - Nhm 2d: Khụng dựng trons trirũna hp tng huyt ỏp [23J, [41], [55], [78] c tớnh: + Cp tinh: LDso ca dch chit l 3 00-7U0mg/kg tt chut liht Irng [6] LDsnCa r l 2g/kg tt chut nht theo ng ung LDSU ca hn hp saponin l 500-900mg/kg... THễNG TIN i tng nghiờn cu 2.1 Nhng cõv Lhuc ^ Cú thnh phn húa hc chớnh l saponin v aLithranoid {theo phõn loi cựa cỏc nh dc liu) + Thuc danh mc thuc thit vu hoc thng c s dng trong y hc Danh mc thuc thict yu ln th V theo quyt nh ca B Y t sỏ 17'2005/Q- BYT ngõy 01 thỏng 7 nm 2005 =# Nghin cu 23 cy thuc (Bng 1.1, Mng 1.2), Hõi cy thuốc (nhli, lờ hi) thne dirc s dng, 23 cõy thuc cũn li thuc anh mc TTY 2.2... x húa va phi Giõm liu thi ci thin kt qu xột nghim gan, khi dựng li thỡ vim gan tỏi phỏt [113) - khụng nờn dựng ko di [78] - D dy: I Dch chil c saponin (acid polygahc, senegin) kớch Ihch niờm mc d dy rut v gõy ra phn x tit niờm dch trong tiu ph qun [13],[41] Saponin t do ng tiờu ha c th tng tỏc vi cỏc t bo mng nhyằ lm tõng nh tớnh thm cựa rut non vi cỏc cht tan gian ming ng v c ch s hp thu cht dinh... bun nụn, nụn, tiờu chy, i ma do ri lon tiờu húa [6], [41], [47], [50], [100], [115] mt vi cỏ nhõn nhy cm ri lon tiờu húa cú th xy ra ngay liu iu tr [1L5] Mỏu: I Dch chit cha saponin cú khõ nng gõy tan mỏu, Ch s phỏ huyt cựa saponin l 2500-4500 gõy c vi ne vt c vỳ khi tiờm tnh mch, c thp khi ung vi khụng lip thu qua nim mc tiờu húa [ 13JJ41 j,|63 + Gõy thiu mỏu i hne cu, gni sỏc hng cu [55J Chin kó...11 11 iri terpenoid Saponin steroid STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 Nhõn sõm Rau mỏ Panax gins ling C-.A Mey Cenrela asiatica Urb 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 Tam Lhõt Tỏo nhõn Vin chi Da m Mch mụn Mớa d Thicn mụn Th phc linh... chit l 3 00-7U0mg/kg tt chut liht Irng [6] LDsnCa r l 2g/kg tt chut nht theo ng ung LDSU ca hn hp saponin l 500-900mg/kg tt v 367 mg/kg tt chut ng tiờm mng bng v dng tiờm tnh mch [411 C th LD5O cua s saponin gingsenosid (tim rang bng cua chui nhi) l Rb,: lllOmg/kg; Rb2: 305; Rc: 410; Rd: 324; Re: 405; Rf: 1340; Rg: 1250mg/lcg tt [6], [13], + Trng din: Dựng lia ln kộo di gõy hi chng lm dnÊ nhõn sõm... trong trng hp tõng huyt ỏp [23], [41], [55], [78], Thn kin ft: Nghiún cu 133 nei s dng nhõn sõm trong thi gian ] thỏng, hu ht cú tỏc dng kớch thớch TKTW, tnh thc; 14 nguụi cú hi chng GAS (THA, khú ng, cóne thng, phỏt han da, tiờu chy) vi liu trung hỡnh ngy l 3 g re; 5 ngui b phự n; 4 ngi b mt ý thc, nhm ln liu 15g v xut hin tram cõm ... thc gây nhiẻu tác dụng nhung hường cỏ vải tác dụng dÙTig với mục đích đieu trị gọi tác dụng chính, tác dụng có lợi Phần ]ón tác dụng khác dược gọi tác dụng khổng mong muon, tấc dụne phụ phấn... sống hàng ngày, cỏ dược sử dụng để trị bệnh Dồng thời với tác dụng có lợi Là tác dụng bâl lụi cho Cun người gây rơi loạn chức thể, gây độc gây tủ vong Thơng tin tác dụng bất lợi dã ghi y vãn cổ,... hòa thể) mà quan tâm đển tác dụng bắt lợi cho người, Đẻ sử dụng cho cộng đồng cách an tồn vả hiệu quả, nhà nghiên cứu nhiều quốc gia trén eiới đà nghiên cứu tác dụng bal lợi nhầm khuyến cáo mộl