Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Part A: INTRODUCTION Statement of the topic Each language has its own character, developed by the countless generations who have used it In spoken English, phrasal verbs are the most common verb forms, they have the importance that lies in the fact that they form a key part of everyday English Phrasal verbs are frequently used by native speakers, especially in casual, laid-back spoken English The importance of multiword expression to gain fluency in language learning has been asserted by many researchers In fact, phrasal verbs are often a particular problem for learners of English Many students generally find great differences between their English with native speakers When using unfamiliar phrasal verbs, a lot of students of English, struggle with finding the right preposition Unfortunately, preposition usage does not follow the set rules so everything must be memorized Moreover, the meanings of a phrasal verb often have no relation to the meaning of either verb or preposition which is used with it and its meaning is often unpredictable In the process of learning English at Dong Do University, my studying provides me with very basic and vital knowledge Nevertheless, phrasal verbs are paid little attention Thus, the thesis paper is focus on the usage of phrasal verbs and the way to study them effectively Especially, I would like to present the analysis of verb – particle combination regarding to the structure of both verb and particle As a student, I have little experience on in – depth studies in grammatical field My knowledge is just what I obtained from the lessons in class, my teachers, books as well as any information on the Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Internet Hope that this is also helpful to the students who would like to share ideas with other fellow students of the same interest Reason for choosing the topic As a big part of the English vocabulary is made up of phrasal verbs, if students of English can learn and use common phrasal verbs, their vocabulary will be bigger, their listening and reading comprehension will improve, and their spoken English will be more fluent and native-like But "There are so many phrasal verbs in English, and they all look so confusing How should I go about learning phrasal verbs?" This is a common question of the learners But phrasal verbs are a specific kind of verbs Their meanings are mostly conceptual or even completely idiomatic, there are no shortcuts to phrasal verbs Learners have to memorize them and try to use them as much as they can The addition of this difficulty is having to remember which particles must be used in combination with certain verbs and their using of the wrong particles can distort meanings and mark writing as non – native Darwin and Gray (1999) noted that the students prefer using a single to a multiword verb; consequently, they tend to avoid phrasal verbs The reason is simply that it takes time to store so many verb – particle constructions without any definite rules Moreover, the teachers also put off teaching phrasal verbs until the students are at highly advanced level However, no one can deny the crucial role of phrasal verbs in the English language Exploring phrasal verbs in English is one of the main factors which denote a true, colloquial speaker of English Therefore, this thesis is to help students face with the challenge and enable them to take the most advantage of it This makes a small contribution, especially with regard to the usages and types of phrasal verbs In fact, not worry about phrasal verbs, call them whatever you want The most important Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English thing is that you should understand as many phrasal verbs as possible and be able to use them For meanings or equivalent ‘normal’ verbs, you will need to buy a good dictionary or a phrasal verb grammar book Hopefully, this thesis works well to everyone Aims of study It is obvious that foreign learners have many difficulties in understanding and using phrasal verbs in English With my understanding, I would like to give some information about this matter The specific aims of study are to: • Bring the most basic information on phrasal verbs in English • Help learners understand types of phrasal verbs • Guide them to use phrasl verbs effectiverly and provide them some tips on learning phrasal verbs In short, I hope my graduation paper will provide more useful information for all people who want to expand their knowledge about phrasal verbs, especially English learners Methods of study To finish this thesis, I have based on three main methods: synthetic, list, analysis Firstly is Synthetic method This means collecting informations about phrasal verbs from many reliable book such as: “Oxford phrasal verbs” of Oxford University Press, “Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English”… and on the internet then gathered together Secondly, it is listing method I have listed many examples that I took from books, internet and from my knowledges in university in this thesis Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Lastly, analysis method After collecting and listing the informations and examples, they are all analyzed for readers easy to undertand Outline of the paper The paper consists of three main parts: Part A – INTRODUCTION, it deals with the statement of the topic, the reason for choosing topic and the outline of the paper Part B – DEVELOPMENT, it mentions to overview of phrasal verbs, types of phrasal verbs and guides to use phrasal verbs Part C – CONCLUSION, it gives summary of the thesis, remarks and suggestions APPENDIX is added at the end of this paper to supply some exercises about phrasal verbs, key to exercises and references Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Part B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF THE PHRASAL VERBS I What are the phrasal verbs? Definition In English, there is one particular aspect of the grammar and vocabulary: combinations of two (sometimes three) parts; verbs with an adverbial or prepositional particles It can be a core verb plus one or two particles They are extremely common in English and these combinations are generally called phrasal verbs Some phrasal verbs are easy to understand E.g Tom asked Melanie to come in The man in front turned round and stared at me The meanings are clear if you know the words come, turn and round But many Phrasal verbs are considered as idioms because phrasal verbs don't always make sense from the words used in the phrase E.g Fortunately, the plan came off (= succeeded) Why did you turn down such a good offer? (= refuse) I can’t make out if it’s a man or women over there (= see clearly) Sometimes a phrasal verb has the same meaning as a one-word verb as these examples: Find out = Discover Go back = Return Leave out = Omit Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Sentences may contain direct and indirect objects in addition to the phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are particularly frequent in the English language Like many other verbs, a few phrasal verbs have many meanings, especially it often has a meaning which is different from the original verb Look at make up in these examples: Make up a list = Make a plan Make up more than 50% = Account, amount The meaning of some phrasal verbs is pretty apparent, but for many verbs, the meaning is not what it seems For example, the phrasal verb "wake up" does not mean "rise from sleep at a higher point" as would be evident from wake (rise from sleep) and up (at a higher point) Identifying phrasal verbs A phrasal verb is formed by a verb with a preposition, a verb with an adverb, or a verb with both an adverb and a preposition (verb + preposition, verb + adverb or verb + preposition + adverb), any of which are part of the syntax of the sentence, and so are a complete semantic unit • Verb + adverb: Take off = Leave quickly, fly away Look up = Find words in dictionary Run off = Escape Find out = Learn, get information about • Verb + preposition: Come across = Find by chance Set up = Establish Step in = Interfere Get up = Wake up Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English • Verb + adverb + preposition Look down on = Think little and scorn Put up with = Tolerate Come up with = Devise Look up to = Respect II Difficulties in learning phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are often a particular problem for learners of English There are several reasons for this Difficult to understand meanings In many cases, even though both the verb and the particles in the phrasal verb may be familiar, students may not understand the meaning of the combination, since it can differ from the meanings of the two words used independently For example: Make = Produce something, often using a paticular material Put = Move something or someone to the stated place Out = Used to show movement away from inside of a Off = Away from a place or position place The words above are all very common words which students encounter in their first weeks of learning English, and yet these following combinations are not transparent: Make out = Perceive, imply Put off = Postpone, deter Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Among other meanings of these phrasal verbs, these meaning are unrelated to the meanings of the individual words in the combinations The fact that phrasal verbs often have a number of different meanings adds to their complexity Grammatical problems There are some particular grammatical problems associated with phrasal verbs For example, there are restrictions on the positions in which an adverb can be placed in relation to the object of a verb Some particles, such as about, over, round and through can be used as both adverbs and prepositions in particular phrasal verbs combinations, although in other combinations they are used either adverbially or prepositionally Some phrasal verbs are not normally used with pronouns as objects, others are normally only used with pronouns as objects Phrasal verbs tend to be informal It is often said that phrasal verbs tend to be rather ‘colloquial’ of ‘informal’ and more appropriate to spoken English than written, and even that it is better to avoid them and choose single-word equivalents or synonyms instead Here are examples of some informal phrasal verbs and their synonyms: Go down = Decline, decrease Fall down = Collapse, decrease Grow up = Develop, rise Yet in many cases phrasal verbs and their synonyms have different ranges of use, meaning, or collocation E.g Our lawyers will draw up a new contract (= write) Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Can I ring you back in half an hour? (= phone again) If we are spending too much money, we’ll have to cut back (= spend less) In these above sentences, the words write, phone again and spend less are synonyms of the phrasal verbs draw up, ring back and cut back but they cannot be substituted appropriately for a phrasal verb III Phrasal verb misunderstanding Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called "multi-word verbs" Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English A multi-word verb is a verb like "pick up", "turn on" or "get on with" For convenience, many people refer to all multiword verbs as phrasal verbs These verbs consist of: 1.1 a basic verb + another word or words The other word(s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs The two or three words that make up multi-word verbs form a short "phrase" - which is why these verbs are often all called "phrasal verbs" The important thing to remember is that a multi-word verb is still a verb "Get" is a verb "Get up", is also a verb, a different verb "Get" and "Get up" are two different verbs They not have the same meaning So you should treat each multi-word verb as a separate verb, and learn it like any other verb 1.2 Verb + preposition phrase combinations Many verb + preposition phrase combinations are idiomatic Such combinations function semantically as a unit that can often be replaced by a single lexical verb, as in the following sentences: E.g I also have to bear in mind the interests of my wife and family Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English (= remember) The triumph came as a surprise to many (= surprise) You have to take into account where the younger shoots are dominant (= consider) 1.3 Verb + verb combinations A second idiomatic category involves verb + verb combinations, such as: E.g Patients had to make with quiche or ham salad He was ‘very reluctant’ to let him go I think it is time to let it be 1.4 Verb + noun phrase combinations There are a few verbs such as: take, make, have and that can be used for many meanings These verbs cam combine with noun phrases to form idiomatic verbal expressions In many cases, the combination also includes a following preposition For example: E.g But you know how you make fun of me sometimes Let’s have a look at this Do you want me to your hair? Yes, I’ll take care of it Phrasal verbs and idioms Most commonly, literal phrasal verbs are verbs + directional prepositions, such as “sit down” and “stand up” But many phrasal verbs have idiom meanings, they are called idiomatic phrasal verbs That is, the meaning of the whole verb is not related to the meaning of the parts of the verb So we always misunderstand and think that all the phrasal verbs are idioms Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 10 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper • Phrasal Verbs in English If you hit back, you criticize or attack someone who has criticized or attacked you E.g Jack is constantly criticizing his sons – I’m sure they’ll hit back eventually • If you run down someone or something, or run someone or something down, you criticize that person or thing, often unfairly E.g Pam’s big sister is always running her down even though Pam is far cleverer than her • If you take out something on someone or take something out on someone, you treat someone badly because you are upset or angry, even though they have done nothing wrong E.g Of course Mary is upset at losing her job but she shouldn’t take it out on her family • If you rub something in (informal), you talk to someone about something which they want to forget because they feel bad about it E.g I know it was my fault I just wish everyone would stop rubbing it in! III Effective methods in study phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are commonly used in spoken and colloquial English However, they are idiomatic so to learn phrasal verbs effectively we must have special method Here are some tips to learn phrasal verb: Understand the main meanings of important particles The set of English phrasal verbs is constantly growing and changing New combinations appear and spread Yet these new combinations are rarely made on a random basis, but form patterns which can to some extent be anticipated Particles often have particular meanings which they contribute to a variety of combinations, and which are productive: that is, these fixed meanings are Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 34 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English used in order to create new combinations By this way, we can easy to remember the meanings of phrasal verbs, and we can see the relationship in meaning of these examples: cool off, ease off, wear off, hook up, join up, link up In addition, there are cases of combinations with two particles, such as out of and in with Organizing phrasal verbs When we record the verbs there are ways of organizing them that may make them easier to remember 2.1 Organizing by particles The particles used in phrasal verbs often have particular meanings which can help us to understand the meaning of the whole verb We can record verbs under these meaning like this example: Investigate = look into, dig into, delve into Persuade = talk into, pull into, draw into Change = grow into, turn into, make into Enter = break into, get into, check into 2.2 Organizing by topics Sometimes it can help us to remember verbs if we record them in groups according to the topic they relate to This is because these verbs often appear together in the same context Computers = log on, boot up, mouse over Feeling = get carried away, fall out Travel = take off, check in, touch down Crime = break into, track down 2.3 Organizing by synomyms and antonyms Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 35 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Synonyms are words which mean almost the same as each other, and antonyms are words which mean the opposite So we should study phrasal verbs with their synonyms and antonyms There are very few cases where two words or expressions mean exactly the same as each other, but you should be able to substitute the synonyms which we give in most contexts, without greatly changing the meaning Learn by phrasal verbs in contexts Phrasal verbs have to be learned because many of them are idiomatic, in other words we cannot deduce their meaning Take the common phrasal verb “put” and its different meanings as an example: I decided to put on my best clothes (I got dressed) My mother put on a lot of weight over Christmas (She increased in weight) I want to go out for a walk but the weather put me off (It discouraged me) John put off going on holiday for another month (He postponed it) We have put aside some money for Christmas (We have saved it) There are still other phrases such as put out, put through, put up, put up with meaning extinguish, connect, give accommodation and tolerate, respectly And rather difficult to understand when the verb “to put” means simply to “to move or place something” E.g I put my glass on the table The last thing we must to remember that is always learn phrasal verbs in context It is useless to memorize lists of phrasal verbs and their definitions out of context - We will definitely forget about them in a short time Students need to pay special attention to phrasal verbs if they wish to speak the language fluently Part C: CONCLUSION Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 36 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English The summary of the topic The English language has become more and more dominant and very popular all over the world, over the years It is far and widely spoken by people in many countries It is the most important language of the world With the growing influence of the English language, phrasal verbs are becoming increasingly important Phrasal verbs are very common in spoken and written English so we need them to understand and speak English naturally Having a rich phrasal verb vocabulary enables us to speak English effortlessly In order to understand, speak, read and write English well, we need to be skilled in them Since the start of learning English, grammar has become a povotal part with a lot of difficulties facing all learners One of the most challenges is phrasal verbs which differ from normal verbs in which they are constituted by two or three elements instead of just one My study aims to present the phrasal verbs in English What it is? How to use and learn it effectively? Phrasal verb is a common verb form that both native English-speaking and foreign language students must learn to fully and completely use both spoken and written English Phrasal verbs may be either intransitive or transitive The main purpose of this thesis is to analyzing the structure of Phrasal verbs, types of Phrasal verbs as well as the importance of using phrasal verbs, the factual state of students in this kind of verbs Remarks and suggestions We can see from reality, phrasal verb still leaves problems for a lot of students, as well as others Stop communicating to students how difficult phrasal verbs are, my message should be that phrasal verbs are just more than words, that they are not that difficult to learn, and that students have already acquired quite a few without realizing it Vocabulary learning is often thought of as picking up one word at a time Yet learning a language is very much a Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 37 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English matter of learning how words taken together than the sum of their individual meanings Accordingly, it is beneficial to learn both literal and idiomatic meaning of each phrasal verb Using phrasal verbs in speech, stress is very important But it is really difficult to remember all of the stress rules so that don’t try to learn by heart all the rules of stress Just pay attention to the context and sentences we use phrasal verbs so we can naturally remember it and use it as native speakers Personally, I think trying to learn verbs from a list is boring and quite difficult It’s better to learn them from different situations, then there’s more chance that we can remember them Don’t think of them as a special subject that has to be learnt, even easier is to treat them as we treat any other vocabulary we learn Moreover, learning language requires a long time of making friend and practice so learners should keep drilling in and improving it day by day Talking about “Phrasal verbs in English”, it is difficult for me to deeply study because of its diversification in using and the differences between Vietnam and British’s culture, language and the far distance as well How can the users learn phrasal verbs in a funny, motivating way when many study materials out there are dry and difficult to work with? I also hope my thesis can help to answer this question! Due to the time constraint and my limited knowledge of English especially of phrasal verbs in English, I still have a lot of difficulties in using English fluently and correctly So mistakes and errors are unavoidable Therefore, I would like to receive all valuable comments and advice that help me better this thesis as well as improve my English and study in the future Once again, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of my lecturers, family, dear friends and especially, my supervisor for their supports Without their helps I cannot complete this graduation paper successfully Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 38 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English APPENDIX SOME EXERCISES ABOUT PHRASAL VERBS Underline twelve phrasal verbs in these sentences and match them with their meanings from the box below a Cause h Post b Inconvenience i Cancel c Deal with j Write d Stop working k Postpone e Find l Not work properly f Invite home m Mention g Arrive I sent off the order last week but the goods haven’t turned up yet I came across an interesting book in the library I took down the title Here it is We ask some friends around to watch a film, but the video was playing up and it eventually broken down I brought up this problem at the last meeting It’s really time to sort out the problem I wish he’d stop messing us about! He’s put the meeting off three times and now he wants to call it off altogether Replace the underline verbs in these sentences with phrasal verbs made using the verbs and particles from the boxes below If necessary, use dictionary Verbs: Make Chase Brush Leave Particles: Up For Out Aside They just ignored my complaints; it made me very angry Fall Out I believed his story about having lost all his money How stupid I was! I couldn’t understand what he was saying with all the noise Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 39 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Could you pursue Janet’s report? She promised it last week but I haven’t seen it yet If you are phoning from outside the country, omit the first zero in the city code Put the words in the correct order to make sentences to / you / for / make room / Can / move / over / your sister? finished / she / over / Harry / it / to read / When / her / essay, / asked / Jill his house / tomorrow / Jim / back / me / has visited / to when he / Paul / his driving test / his parents / he’d failed / only having / was / told them / on tomorrow? / What / you / on / / have the light / in her bedroom, / was / she / at home / Sue / had / I knew / on / so Complete the following table If a noun form does not exist, write ‘none’ in the table Use a dictionary if necessary Decide whether the noun is written with a hyphen or as one word Phrasal verb Verb + particle noun Show off Show-off Warm up Hold on Hide out Turn over Tear down Match the different meaning a-f of take in with the appropriate sentences 16 below a) make smaller b) allow in through a hole c) deceive Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 40 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English d) give a bed to e) include f) understand the meaning or importance Because so many passengers were stranded at the airport, some local families offered to take them in overnight The news is so shocking – I still can’t take it in The excursion will take in two of the most beautiful castles in the region Marie has lost weight – she’s going to have to take in a lot of her clothes Rob was totally dishonest but he was so charming that I was taken by him We’d better return to the shore at once – the boat seems to be taking in water Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 41 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English KEY TO EXERCISES 1 Sent off = posted / turned up = arrived Came across = found / took down = wrote Ask around = invite home / broken down = stopped working Brought up = mentioned / sort out = deal with Messing about = causing inconvenience / put off = postponed / call off = cancel Brushed aside Fell for Make out Chase up Leave out Can you move over to make room for your sister? When Jill finished her essay, she asked Harry to read it over Jim has invited me back to his house tomorrow Paul was only having his parents on when he told them he’d failed his driving tests What you have on tomorrow? Sue had the light on in her bedroom, so I knew she was at home Or Sue had on the light in her bedroom, so I knew she was at home Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 42 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Phrasal verb Verb + particle noun Show off Show-off Warm up warm-up Hold on none Hide out hideout Turn over turnover Tear down none 1d 2f 3e 4a 5c 6b REFERENCES Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 43 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Biber, D., Conrad, S & Leech, G (2002) Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English Essex: Pearson Education Limited Celce-Murcia, M & Larsen-Freeman, D (1999) The grammar book Boston: Heinle & Heinle Cobuild, C (1990) Dictionary of phrasal verbs Collins publishers & the university of Birmingham Darwin, C & Gray, L (1999) Going after the phrasal verb: an alternative approach to clasification.TESTOL Quarterly Vol.33, No.1, Spring 1999 Eastwood, J (2006) Oxford Practice Grammar Oxford University Press McCarthy, M & O’Dell, F English phrasal verbs in use McInstosh, C (2001), Oxford phrasal verbs Oxford University Press http://www.ccas.ru/olenev/english/phverbs.html http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-phrasal-verbs_3.htm 10.http://www.macmillandictionaries.com/MEDMagazine/October2005/34-Phrasal-Verbs-Pron.htm 11.http://www.phrasalverbdemon.com/ 12.http://www.phrasalverbsinbritain.com Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 44 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the completion of this graduation paper, I am sincerely grateful to many teachers who have helped, encouraged and supported me during years in the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Dong Do University First of all, I would like to express my great thanks to all my teachers in the Faculty of Foreign Languages of Dong Do University for their interesting and useful lectures which gave me background knowledge of English In addition, I owe a sincere thank to my Supervisor, Ms Vu Thi Thuong who has helped me to shape the ideas and guided me in different matters related to the topic Her continual encouragement and patient guidance made my work easier Last but not least, my heartfelt thanks are to my family and all my dear friends who have given me love, support and encouragement for the completion of this graduation paper Without the help and support of these people, my graduation paper could not have been done Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Part A: INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of the topic .1 Reason for choosing the topic Aims of study Methods of study .3 Outline of the paper Part B: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF THE PHRASAL VERBS I What are the phrasal verbs? Definition Identifying phrasal verbs II Difficulties in learning phrasal verbs Difficult to understand meanings .7 Grammatical problems Phrasal verbs tend to be informal III Phrasal verb misunderstanding Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs .9 1.1 a basic verb + another word or words 1.2 Verb + preposition phrase combinations 1.3 Verb + verb combinations .10 1.4 Verb + noun phrase combinations 10 Phrasal verbs and idioms .10 Chapter 2: TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS 13 Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English I Dividing by semantic 13 Literal phrasal verbs .13 Aspectual phrasal verbs 13 Idiomatic phrasal verbs 13 Polysemous phrasal verbs 14 II Dividing by structure 14 I Intransitive phrasal verbs 14 II Transitive phrasal verbs .16 Inseparable transitive phrasal verbs 16 Optionally separable transitive phrasal verbs 17 Obligatorily separable transitive phrasal verbs 19 Three-word phrasal Verbs (Transitive) 20 Chapter 3: GUIDES TO USE PHRASAL VERBS 21 I Parts of phrasal verbs 21 Verbs and particles 21 1.1 Verbs .21 1.2 Particles 21 Nouns and adjectives based on phrasal verbs .23 2.1 Nouns made from verb + particle 23 2.2 Nouns made from particle + verb 23 2.3 Adjectives 24 Pronunciation patterns of Phrasal verbs 24 3.1 Phrasal verbs with one stress 24 3.2 Phrasal verbs with two stresses 25 3.3 Exception 26 3.4 Nouns and adjectives formed from phrasal verbs: rules for stress 27 II Use of phrasal verbs 29 Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English Phrasal verbs in work, study and finance .29 1.1 Study .29 1.2 Work .30 1.3 Business 30 Phrasal verbs in personal life 30 2.1 Relationships 31 2.2 Feeling .31 2.3 Homes and daily routines .32 2.4 Health .32 2.5 Food and drink 33 2.6 Criticizing 33 III Effective methods in study phrasal verbs 34 Understand the main meanings of important particles 34 Organizing phrasal verbs 35 2.1 Organizing by particles 35 2.2 Organizing by topics 35 2.3 Organizing by synomyms and antonyms 35 Learn by phrasal verbs in contexts 36 Part C: CONCLUSION 36 The summary of the topic 37 Remarks and suggestions .37 APPENDIX 39 SOME EXERCISES ABOUT PHRASAL VERBS 39 KEY TO EXERCISES 42 REFERENCES 43 Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University [...]... like to get up cease to function He was late because his car broke down Postpone We will have to put off the meeting They turned down my offer turn down Refuse Chapter 3: GUIDES TO USE PHRASAL VERBS I Parts of phrasal verbs 1 Verbs and particles A phrasal verb often has a verb and a particle or two Sometimes a phrasal verb can create a noun or an adjective 1.1 Verbs Verb is a main part of a phrasal verb. .. Aspectual phrasal verbs Aspectual phrasal verbs, as defined by Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freemen (1999), are phrasal verbs whose meaning is not as transparent as literal phrasal verbs, but the meaning is not idiomatic either E.g Get over = Go to a place Flame out = Fail Look after = Take care of Call on = Visit someone for a short time 3 Idiomatic phrasal verbs Idiomatic phrasal verbs are phrasal verbs whose... patterns of Phrasal verbs The main pronunciation question with phrasal verbs concerns the placement and distribution of stress on the verb, the particle and the other words in the sentence Here some guidelines to help you With a few exceptions, phrasal verbs have either one stress or two stresses 3.1 Phrasal verbs with one stress In phrasal verbs with one stress, the main stress is often on the verb, and no... delve into Persuade = talk into, pull into, draw into Change = grow into, turn into, make into Enter = break into, get into, check into 2.2 Organizing by topics Sometimes it can help us to remember verbs if we record them in groups according to the topic they relate to This is because these verbs often appear together in the same context Computers = log on, boot up, mouse over Feeling = get carried... Three-word phrasal Verbs (Transitive) • Structure: Verb + Adverb + Preposition This types of phrasal verbs are also called phrasal- prepositional verbs This type of phrasal verb consists of a lexical verb combined with both an adverbial particle and a preposition For example, look forward to has the lexical verb look, the adverbial particle forward, and the preposition to: I’m looking forward to the weekend... One verb can combine with different particles to create phrasal verbs with different meanings Look at these examples of phrasal verbs created by the verb put: Put aside = Place something to one side Put down = Come down to the ground (plane) Put on = Wear clothes Put about = Change direction (ship) Put out = Move out to sea from a port There are many verbs in English to create phrasal verbs but some verbs. .. of and in with 2 Organizing phrasal verbs When we record the verbs there are ways of organizing them that may make them easier to remember 2.1 Organizing by particles The particles used in phrasal verbs often have particular meanings which can help us to understand the meaning of the whole verb We can record verbs under these meaning like this example: Investigate = look into, dig into, delve into... paper Phrasal Verbs in English something to the other, or from the beginning to Back About = the end of something Conveys the idea of returning to the place where = you were before or to an earlier time Is often used to show the connection between the verb and its object 2 Nouns and adjectives based on phrasal verbs 2.1 Nouns made from verb + particle In English we often create nouns from verbs, e.g to. .. able to come up with a thousand-dollar donation We tried to cut down on the money we were spending on entertainment This table incldues some examples of transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs: phrasal verbs Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan Examples Meaning direct object 20 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English intransitive get up phrasal break verbs down transitive phrasal verbs. .. verb to put” means simply to to move or place something” E.g I put my glass on the table The last thing we must to remember that is always learn phrasal verbs in context It is useless to memorize lists of phrasal verbs and their definitions out of context - We will definitely forget about them in a short time Students need to pay special attention to phrasal verbs if they wish to speak the language fluently ... completion of this graduation paper Without the help and support of these people, my graduation paper could not have been done Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal... 10.http://www.macmillandictionaries.com/MEDMagazine/October2005/ 34- Phrasal-Verbs-Pron.htm 11.http://www.phrasalverbdemon.com/ 12.http://www.phrasalverbsinbritain.com Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 44 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal... supports Without their helps I cannot complete this graduation paper successfully Nguyen Thi Thuong Lan 38 N14A2- Dong Do University Graduation paper Phrasal Verbs in English APPENDIX SOME EXERCISES