SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT VĂN QUÁN BÁO CÁO CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC TÊN CHUYÊN ĐỀ : ĐẢO NGỮ Tác giả : Nghiêm Thị Thủy Chức vụ : Giáo viên Đơn vị : THPT Văn Quán Đối tượng bồi dưỡng : Lớp 12 Dự kiến số tiết bồi dưỡng : 08 Kiến thức: Dùng cho ôn thi Đại học, cao đẳng Dạng tập : Trắc nghiệm khách quan tự luận LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Đảo ngữ (Inversion) tiếng anh dạng tập mà học sinh thường gặp nhiều khó khăn làm tập Đây dạng tương đối rắc rối với nhiều cấu trúc đảo khác Hơn nữa, câu hỏi đảo ngữ thường xuyên có mặt đề thi Đại học, Cao đẳng hàng năm Bộ Tài liệu phần giúp em học sinh hiểu rõ dạng tập MỤC LỤC Nội dung Trang Đảo ngữ : Khái niệm, Phân loại 4-7 Bài tập 8-11 Đáp án 12 Kết luận 13 ĐẢO NGỮ I Khái niệm Cấu trúc thông thường câu : chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ, ta thấy có trường hợp ngược lại : động từ đứng trước chủ ngữ Trong trường hợp ta gọi đảo ngữ Như vậy, đảo ngữ tiếng anh hình thức đem động từ trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm để nhấn mạnh II Phân loại Có loại đảo ngữ - Đảo ngữ chủ ngữ - động từ (subject – verb inversion) : đưa động từ trước chủ ngữ Ví dụ : Her father stood in the doorway => In the doorway stood her father - Đảo ngữ chủ ngữ - trợ động từ (subject – auxiliary inversion) : đưa trợ động từ trước chủ ngữ) Ví dụ : He had rarely seen such a sunset => Rarely had he seen such a sunset Đối với loại đảo ngữ thứ 2, có trường hợp đảo ngữ cụ thể sau: Đảo ngữ với NO NOT No + N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N + auxiliary + S + verb(inf) Ví dụ : No money shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on Đảo ngữ với trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever, : mà Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V Ví dụ : Never in mid-summer does it snow Hardly ever does he speak in the public Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar Đảo ngữ với ONLY Only one: Only later: Chỉ cách này/ Only in this way: Only in that way: Ví dụ : Only in this way could the problem be solved Only one did I meet her Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V Only after+ N: Chỉ sau làm Ví dụ : Only after all guest had gone home could we relax Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ cách làm Ví dụ : Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently Only when+ clause: Chỉ làm Ví dụ : Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known Ví dụ : Only when I understand her did I like her Only with+ N: Chỉ với Ví dụ : Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car Only if + clause Only in + adv of time/ place Đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No At no time: Khơng Ví dụ : The result of the match was never in doubt => At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt On no condition On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù lý khơng Ví dụ : On no account must this switch be touched On no account should you be late for the exam Under/ In no circumstances: Dù hồn cảnh khơng Ví dụ : Under no circumstances should you lend him the money For no reason In no way: Không Ví dụ : In no way could I agree with you By no means: Hồn tồn khơng Ví dụ : By no means does he intend to criticize your idea No sooner than : Vừa Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely When/ before Ví dụ : Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang (= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.) Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep (= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.) Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack (= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.) No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt (= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.) No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt (= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.) Đảo ngữ với Not only but also : khơng những…….mà cịn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but also Ví dụ : Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly Not only does he study well, but also he sings well Đảo ngữ với SO So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause Ví dụ : So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc sau: Such + to be + Danh từ +… Ví dụ : Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật giấc mơ vô nghĩa) Lưu ý: Thường gặp “so great, so much + Noun” ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such” Ví dụ : The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it => Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money => Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V Ví dụ : I won't come home till 10 o'clock => Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home => Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key 10 Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V Ví dụ : No where in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country No where I feel as comfortable as I at home 11 Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện a, Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S+V (Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói khả xảy chắn hơn) Ví dụ : Should she come late she wil miss the train Should he lend me some money I will buy that house b, Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S (Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói khả xảy chắn hơn) Ví dụ : If I were you I would work harder =Were I you, I would work harder If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party c, Câu điều kiện loại : If clause = Had+S+V3/ed Ví dụ : If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam => Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam BÀI TẬP I Chọn phương án hoàn thành câu sau đây: , you would have succeeded in your business A If you listened to my advice B Were you to listen to my advice C Had you listened to my advice D As long as you listened to my advice She doesn’t like classical music and _ A I don’t, too B I don’t, either C neither I D B and C are correct Little what he has caused to others A does he know B he knows C he can know D he will know had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home A Hardly B Scarcely C No sooner D Not only a week goes by without some road accidents A Hardly B Seldom C Never D Infrequently II Chọn phương án gạch chân cần phải sửa lại câu sau đây: We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers Nor we can stop the disappearance of plants and animals Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his parents Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer 10 Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me III Chọn phương án A, B, C, D có nghĩa tương đương với câu cho sẵn: 11 I write to her almost every day A Not a day goes by unless my writing to her B Hardly does a day go by without my writing to her C No day go by without my writing to her D Almost every day goes by without my writing for her 12 The noise next door didn’t stop until midnight A It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped B Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped C Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped D Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight 13 He started computer programming as soon as he left school A No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school B Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school C No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming D After he left school, he had started computer programming 14 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me A As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all B Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all C Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me D Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well 15 She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him A She used to feel relaxed working for him a few months B A few months ago, she didn’t find it relaxed working for him C Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed D It was not until a few months working for him did she feel relaxed 16 Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill A No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill B No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill C Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill D Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill 17 Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another A Scarcely had I solved one problem when I was faced with another B Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another C No sooner had I solved one problem than I was faced with another D All are correct 18 A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent A Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous B Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous C Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous D It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous 19 I only recognized him when he came into the light A Only when I recognized him, he came into the light B It wasn’t until he came into the light that I recognized him C Not until he came into the light I did recognize him D I did not recognize him even when he came into the light 20 We couldn’t relax until all the guests had left A Not until all the guests had left could we relax B It wasn’t until all the guests had left that we could relax C It wasn’t until all the guests had left could we relax D A and B are correct 21 The phone stopped ringing the moment I got downstairs A No sooner had the phone stopped ringing than I got downstairs B After the phone had stopped ringing, I got downstairs C Hardly had the phone stopped ringing when I got downstairs D No sooner had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing 22 The light failed the moment they began work A But for the light failed, they would have begun work B Hardly did they begin work when the light failed C Hardly had they begun work when the light failed D As soon as the light failed, they began work 23 She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy A The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear B Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically C So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear D Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy IV Chọn phương án A, B, C, D để hoàn thành câu sau đây: 24 It was not until she had arrived home _ her appointment with the doctor A when she remembered B that she remembered C and she remembered D did she remember 25 Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and _ A Mexico doesn’t, too B so does Mexico C Mexico doesn’t, either D neither is Mexico 26 , he would have been able to pass the exam A If he studied harder last year B Provided he studied hard last year C Studying harder last year D Had he studied harder last year 27 _ will Mr Dennis be able to regain control of the company A With hard work B Despite his hard work C Only if he works hardly D Only by working hard 28 had I arrived home than it began to rain A No sooner B Hardly C Scarcely D Rarely 29 My father paid my fees _that, I wouldn’t be here now A If there were not B But for C Had it not been for D B and C are correct 30 Only after food has been dried or canned A it should be stored for future use B that it should be stored for future use C should it be stored for future use D should it store for future use 10 V Viết lại câu sau sử dụng từ gợi ý: You mustn't press this red button under any circumstances ->Under no circumstances She'd only just stubbed out one cigarette when she lit another ->Hardly We didn't see a soul all day -> Not As soon as I put the phone down, it rang again! -> No sooner He spoke so quietly that I didn't hear a thing he said ->So They didn't win a game all season -> Not Life is like that -> Such She didn't realise who he was until she'd been speaking to him for ten minutes -> Only after Kate not only spilled wine on the carpet but she also broke six glasses -> Not only 10 I'd never seen such a gigantic fish before! -> Never 11 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted -> So great 12 He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk -> No sooner 13 She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her -> Hardly 14 I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later -> Only when 15 You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John ->Nowhere 16 The outcome of the election was never in doubt –> At no time 17 He forgot about the gun until he got home -> Not until 18 The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday -> Only by 19 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property -> In no way 11 20 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony -> No sooner ĐÁP ÁN I C D A C D II We can forgot did he get married has 10 but also he III 11 12.A 13 14.D 15 16.D 17.D 18 19 20.D 21.D 22 C 23.D B C C C B IV 24 B 25 C 26 D 27 D 28 A 29 C 30 C V Under no circumstances must you press this red button Hardly had she stubbed out one cigarette when she lit another Not a soul did we see all day No sooner did/had I put the phone down than it rang again So quietly did he speak that I didn't hear a thing he said Not a (single) game did they win all season Such is life Only after she'd been speaking to him for ten minutes did she realise who he was Not only did Kate spill wine on the carpet, but she also broke six glasses 10 Never (before) had I seen such a gigantic fish! 11 So great was her grief that she almost fainted 12 No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter 13 Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her 14 Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed 15 Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John 12 16 At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt 17 Not until he got home did he remember about the gun 18 Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete 19 In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property 20 No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony KẾT LUẬN Việc nắm cấu trúc đảo ngữ khác tương đối khó Để làm việc này, học sinh cần nhớ phân biệt cấu trúc, hiểu ví dụ vận dụng vào làm tập Việc làm dạng tập trắc nghiệm khác ban đầu giúp học sinh làm quen hiểu, sau đó, việc làm tập tự luận viết lại câu giúp học sinh hiểu biết sâu thành thạo làm dạng tập đảo ngữ Với kinh nghiệm nghề cịn non trẻ mình, hi vọng tài liệu tài liệu bổ ích tơi triển khai vào ơn tập cho học sinh ôn thi đại học, cao đẳng tới Tài liệu tài liệu cá nhân, có tham khảo, q trình viết cịn nhiều thiếu sót chủ quan Rất mong nhận đóng góp quý báu từ phía người đọc để hồn thiện hơn! Văn Qn ngày 06/3/2014 Ngày 07/3/2014 Người viết Xác nhận TTCM Nghiêm Thị Thủy Nguyễn Văn Mạnh 13 ... mặt đề thi Đại học, Cao đẳng hàng năm Bộ Tài liệu phần giúp em học sinh hiểu rõ dạng tập MỤC LỤC Nội dung Trang Đảo ngữ : Khái niệm, Phân loại 4-7 Bài tập 8-11 Đáp án 12 Kết luận 13 ĐẢO NGỮ I... câu giúp học sinh hiểu biết sâu thành thạo làm dạng tập đảo ngữ Với kinh nghiệm nghề cịn non trẻ mình, hi vọng tài liệu tài liệu bổ ích tơi triển khai vào ơn tập cho học sinh ôn thi đại học, cao... Khái niệm Cấu trúc thông thường câu : chủ ngữ đứng trước động từ, ta thấy có trường hợp ngược lại : động từ đứng trước chủ ngữ Trong trường hợp ta gọi đảo ngữ Như vậy, đảo ngữ tiếng anh hình thức