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Tài liệu hiếm, được tổng hợp rất kĩ và thích hợp cho những ai đang học IELTS. Ngắn gọn, dễ hiểu, tổng hợp khái quát tất cả những kiến thức cơ bản phải nhớ cho kĩ năng writing cùng bộ từ vựng academic và người mới có thể áp dụng ngay để làm
Writing Từ vựng I, Từ dùng để nối - For, and, nor, or, yet, so, but Although, though, as, because, if, until, after, before, so that, that, despite, inspite of, when, in order to, so as to, so that Therefore, thus, as a result, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, meanwhile And therefore, and thus, and as a result, and hence II, Nghĩa câu 1, Positive meaning - Cement: thắt chặt Cultivate: thúc đẩy Better: làm cho tốt Enhance: củng cố Strengthen (relation): làm vững mạnh To be conducive to something: dẫn đến Provide someone the chance/opportunity to something, give someone favorable condition to something: tạo điều kiện cho làm Equip somebody with something: trang bị cho Bestow something on somebody: mang lại cho Provide somebody easier access to something: mang lại tiếp cận dễ dàng với Enable somebody to something: tạo điều kiện cho làm Acumulate (knowledge, skill, experience): tích lũy Gain, achieve, obtain: đạt Enhance: nâng cao Nurture, sharpen, foster, cultivate: ni dưỡng, phát triển 2, Negative meaning - Cause, lead to, result in, trigger, pose something: gây ra, dẫn đến Be responsible for something: chịu trách nhiệm cho Be conducive to something: dẫn đến - Be a culpit of: thủ phảm Be contributor to: nhân tố dẫn tới Be the cause of: nguyên nhân Be the reason for: lý cho Be a catalyst for something: thủ phảm gây Put something at risk/in danger/in jeopardy: đặt tình trạng nguy hiểm Endanger/jeopardize/risk/worse/threaten/intimidate something: làm cho nguy hiểm Writing Ngữ pháp I Cấu trúc cần học Câu ghép: Nhiều mệnh đề nối với dấu “;”, “:” hoac “, and/but” - However/hence/thus/therefore She is in love with him; however, he only loves his video games - Yet She is in love with him, yet, he only loves his video games Mệnh đề quan hệ: - Who, which Feeling tired, she decided to stop working After - After Ving After graduating, he stopped coming back Các câu thể quan hệ nguyên nhân – kết quả: - With … Ving With governments engaging in arms races, people’s lives are put in jeppardy - Which Parents coddle their children, which makes children become spoiled - On account of/by dint of/thanks to Thanks to the development of computers, we can now enjoy several means of communication Các cách thể mâu thuẫn: - In spite of/despite In spite of feminism’s rapid development, people still consider women inferior - While/although Although feminism has seen rapid development, people still consider women inferior Advanced structure: - Not only… but also… Not only did he manage to impress the judge, he also won the prince’s heart - Never/seldom/rarely… Seldom the governments engage in internecine wars - No sooner… than… No sooner had he heard the news than he rushed to my house - Hardly… when… Hardly had the train left when I arrived at the station II Từ đồng nghĩa Gây (neutral) - Engender/account for/be a catalyst for/contribute to Gây ảnh hưởng tốt - Better: cement/cultivate/enhance/nurture/foster/bolster/ameliorate - Giúp người khác có hội: bestow st on sb/provide sb with st/provide st for sb/enable sb to st - Be advantageous to/put sb at a distinct advantage/serve an important function in Gây hậu xấu - Be responsible for/be conducive to/be a culprit of - Put st in jeopardy/put st at risk/jeopardize st - Adversely affect/impinge on/afflict - Forestall/thwart Cảm xúc - Làm tức giận: aggravate/infuriate/exasperate - Mệt mỏi: fatigued/exhausted Khác - Vui: blissful/delighted/gratified - Buồn: dejected/despondent/doleful - Sợ hãi: frightened/alarmed/spooked - Gain = accumulate/obtain/achieve (knowledge, skills, experience, capital) - In order to V/so as to V/with a view to Ving/for the sake of Ving - As a result/as a consequence/consequently/accordingly/hence/thus/therefore - Next/after that/then - Essential/indispensable/crucial : cần thiết - Suppress/circumscribe/stifle/smother/hamper/fetter: kìm hãm - Relish in/wallow in: like - Devote oneself to/apply oneself to: tập trung hoàn toàn vào - Outstanding/projecting/conspicuous: phi thường - Persecute/condemn/denounce : punish/torment - It is imperative that/it is incumbent upon (sb) that: important - Heed/pay heed to/pay attention to - Alleviate/reduce/diminish: decrease - Undergo a radical change/witness a fundamental change - Proficient at/adept at/excellent at - Cast aspersions on/defame/excoriate - Be misguided by/be clouded by/be obscured by Writing task I, Các từ miêu tả xu hướng 1, Tăng - Verb: rise, increase, grow,… Noun: a rise, an increase, a growth,… 2, Giảm - Verb: decrease, fall, drop,… Noun: a decrease, a fall, a drop,… 3, Không thay đổi - Verb: stay, remain, keep + stable/constant/steady,… Noun: no change, a leveling of, (show) a stability,… 4, Dao động - Verb: fluctuate/vary around/from…to Noun: show some flutuations (variations) around/from…to 5, Miêu tả điểm cao nhất, điểm thấp - To reach a peak of Peak at To hit the lowest point of To reach the highest point of II Miêu tả mức độ thay đổi 1, Nhiều Adj Dramatic Sharp Enormous Considerable Significant Adv Dramatically Sharply Enormously Considerably Significantly 2, Ít Adj Slight Gentle Minimal Adv Slightly Gently Minimally 3, Trung bình Adj Moderate Adv Moderately 4, Dần dần Adj Steady Gradual Adv Steadily Gradually 5, Nhanh Adj Quick Rapid Adv Quickly Rapidly 6, Đột ngột Adj Sudden Adv Suddenly III, Các câu trúc miêu tả thường dùng - There + Be + Article + Adjective + Noun + in “what” Time + Experience/witness/see/suffer/reveal/show + Adjective + Noun + in “what” Subject + Verb + Adverb IV, Giới từ kèm 1, Giới từ thời gian - In For During Between…and… From…to… In the period from…to… (between…and…) - In the first/last months of the year Over the period…to… Over a ten-year period Over the next years/decades/quarter of a century Throughout the 19th century From that time on/onwards After that Then In the 1980s 2, Giới từ kèm động từ - From… to (từ đến bao nhiêu) At (tại điểm) By (dùng cho verb) (khoảng bao nhiêu) Of (dùng cho noun) (khoảng bao nhiêu) V, Cấu trúc so sánh 1, Miêu tả đối tượng - The most popular car color is white The percentage of white cars is highest Most people choose white cars 2, So sánh hai đối tượng - The percentage of red cars is higher than that of blue ones More people choose red cars than blue ones 3, So sánh gấp nhiều lần - White is twice/three times/four times as popular as red White is twice more popular than red 4, So sánh - White car color is as popular as red one = white and red cars are equally popular The percentage of people who choose white cars is as high as that of red ones = the percentage of people who choose white and red cars are the same Note: Popular = common = favorite = attractive 5, So sánh câu - In contrast, by contrast However, on the other hand In comparison, by comparison 6, So sánh câu - While Whereas Although But Compared with/to In/by comparison with VI, Cách diễn đạt số lượng - The amount of: dùng cho danh từ không đếm The number of: dùng cho danh từ đếm The quatity of: dùng cho danh từ đếm không đếm The proportion/percentage of: phần trăm tổng số Figure/figures: dùng để thay cho đại lượng nhắc đến VII, Cách mô tả số liệu - There + be + số Clase, at + số/ with + số (+ Ving/Ved) The amount/number/percentage + be + số Số + be + the amount/number/percentage of something Sử dụng động từ thường: to account for/constitute/amount to/occupy Sử dụng diễn đạt số liệu thay như: the figure for/the data of VIII, Mở 1, Diễn đạt tên biểu đồ - Graph = line graph Chart = bar chart/pie chart/table/flow chart The diagram = the figure The map = the diagram The charts = the bar/line/pie charts The charts = the first bar/line/pie charts… the second… 2, Diễn đạt động từ - Show = illustrate = compare - Give information about Show data about Compare…in term of… 3, Diễn đạt đơn vị - The number of = the figure for The proportion of = the percentage of = the rate of = the figure for 4, Diễn đạt nước - In three countries = in name the countries = in three different countries = in three countries namely… 5, Diễn đạt thời gian - From 1999 to 2009 = between 1999 and 2009 = over a period of 10 years = over a 10 year-period In 1999 = in the year 1999 In 1980 and 2000 = over two separate years = figures are given for 1980 and 2000 = in two different years 6, Dạng process • Q trình nhân tạo - The figure illustrates the process used by…to… - The flow chart provides information on how… - The flow chart illustrates the process of… - The diagram explains how something is made - The illustration shows the process by which something something - The diagram illustrate the steps in the process of doing something • Q trình tự nhiên - The picture illustrates the way in which… - The figure illustrates the natural process of… - The diagram illustrates the various stage… IX, Overview - - Nhìn vào biểu đồ, cố gắng tìm hai điểm chung đáng ý hình Viết từ câu tóm tắt đặc điểm chung bật (số liệu tăng, giảm, số liệu cao số liệu nào, số liệu tăng nhanh nhất, chậm over the period shown/in almost all periods) Không đưa số liệu cụ thể vào phần overview Absorb Choose Select Chọn lựa Adopt Give opinion about Comment on Bình luận Live Reside Cư trú Pay for sth Afford Chi trả cho Believe Perceive Tin tưởng Make up for Compensate Bồi thường Buy Purchase Mua Move to Transfer Chuyển Say Argue Nói Believe Maintain Claim Suggest Recommend Gợi ý Pose Control Regulate Điều khiển Move toward Approach Đến gần Combine, match Coordinate Kết hợp Aggregate Think Assume Nghĩ Take advantage, be useful Benefit Lợi ích Communicate Interact Giao tiếp Have sth Possess Sở hữu Limit, control Constrain Giới hạn, điều khiển Be able to use sth Have access to sth Tiếp cận Write Correspond Viết Make up of sth Consist of sth Khăng khăng Capitalize on sth Emphasize Làm bật Highlight Make up Constitute Bổ sung Involve Comprise Make sure Ensure Chắn chắn Explain Justify Giải thích Fill Occupy Chiếm Obsess Test Assess Đánh giá Depend on Rely on Phụ thuộc vào Set up Establish Thành lập Found No have in sth Exclude Xóa bỏ Remove Help with money Finance Giúp đỡ tài Provide financial support Make better Improve Cải thiện Promote Have sth in sth Contain Bao hàm Say before it happens Predict Dự đoán Forecast Find the place Locate Nằm Change to fit Adjust Điều chỉnh Modify Print Publish Xuất Worsen Compound Hòa trộn Exacerbate Write your name in classes Register Điểm danh Enroll Talk to sb Consult Trao đổi Make able Enable Có khả Change gradually Evolve Thay đổi từ từ Make larger Expand Mở rộng Leave open to, no to protect Expose Phơi bày, vạch trần Make sth (electricity,etc) Generate Tạo (điện,…) Manufacture Make easy Facilitate Tạo điều kiện thuận lợi Become familiar with Orientate Làm quen với Follow Pursue Theo đuổi Say no Reject Từ chối, bác bỏ, phủ nhận Refute Keep on Continue Tiếp tục Sustain Replace Substitute Thay Thank sb Acknowledge Cảm ơn Give example Cite Cho ví dụ Illustrate Connect, join Attach Kết nối, gia nhập, gắn bó Say before Mention Đề cập Aforementioned Grow Enhance Tăng, nâng cao Increase Rise Not give attention to Ignore Phớt lờ Tell sb how to sth Instruct Hướng dẫn Slow down sth Inhibit Tránh, giảm Prevent Go forward Advance Đề xuất, đề bạt, thúc đẩy Get rid of, escape Dispose of Vứt bỏ, bác bỏ Introduce new ideas Innovate Đổi mới, cách tân Delete, cross out Eliminate Xóa bỏ Forbid Prohibit Cấm Illegal Add sth to sth Insert Chèn, thêm Stay alive Survive Sống sót Separate Isolate Cơ lập, tách biệt Go with sb Accompany Đi theo, hộ tống Pile up Accumulate Tích lũy Value Appreciate Đánh giá, tăng giá trị Make clear Clarify Làm cho sáng sủa, dễ hiểu Obey Conform to Vâng lời Discover Detect Khám phá Show publicly Exhibit Trưng bày Make less Reduce Giảm Minimize Give room Accommodate Cung cấp Make certain Assure Làm chắn Stop Cease Dừng Act against, not obey Violate Chống lại Continue to exist Persist Bền bỉ, dai dẳng Face Encounter Đối mặt Confront Dig Quarry Tìm tịi, nghiên cứu Use wrongly Misuse Lạm dụng, sử dụng sai cách Abuse Do business Commerce Buôn bán Buy and sell Trade Trao đổi buôn bán Use sth a lot Overuse Lạm dụng Put in order Prioritize Ưu tiên Say formally Announce Thông báo Express Encourage to grow Stimulate Khuyến khích phát triển Connect in mind Associate Liên kết, kết nối Copy Imitate Sao chép Replicate Solve Tackle Giải Handle Approach the problem Gather sth Compile Accumulate Collect Tập hợp lại Rule of behavior/social rule Social custom Quy tắc ứng xử Social norm New country Adopted country Đất nước Rule Law Luật Obey the law Observe the law Chấp hành luật pháp Therefore Thus Cho nên Example Instance Ví dụ Allow Permit Cho phép Own Possess Sở hữu Social Societal Thuộc xã hội In summary In conclusion Kết luận To conclude By way of conclusion Last Past Trước (quá khứ) Wealth Prosperity Sự thịnh vượng, phát đạt Country Nation Đất nước Travel Tourism Du lịch Holidaymarking Actually In fact Thực tế Bring, cause problems Create difficulties Tạo khó khăn Create wealth Bring economic prosperity Tạo thịnh vượng Many Numerous Nhiều Countless Problem Difficulty Vấn đề Challenge Involved with Associated with Liên quan Rich Wealthy Giàu có, phồn vinh Affluent Overseas Abroad Nước Visit Holiday in Tham quan Poorer country Developing country Đất nước phát triển Flood Influx Sự chảy vào Mostly Mainly Hầu hết And As well as Và, Not likely Highly unlikely Khơng xảy Sign Symbol Biểu tượng Power Domination Sức mạnh, quyền lực Lack of moral standards Moral decadence Sự suy đồi đạo đức Worrying Disturbing Nhiễu loạn Damage Degradation Sự giảm giá trị, giảm sút Especially Particularly Đặc biệt Good example Salient example Ví dụ tốt Large Vast Rộng Slowly Gradually Dần dần Area Section Khu vực Famous World renowned Nổi tiếng Complicated Complex Phức tạp Certainly not By no mean Chắc chắn không Impossible to overcome Insurmountable Không thể vượt qua View, position Perspective Quan điểm Man Male Nam giới Woman Female Nữ giới Job Occupation Nghề nghiệp Traditional Conservative Truyền thống Conventional Well Effectively Ảnh hưởng, tốt Argue Contend Tranh luận, cho Sex Gender Giới tính Give Provide Cung cấp Chance Opportunity Cơ hội Often Frequently Thường xuyên Instead of Rather than Thay See View Nhìn Want Desire Mong muốn Affect, effect Influence Ảnh hưởng Impact Impact upon Consequence Improve Revolutionize Nâng cao Talk to Relate to Nói với Family and friends Loved ones Gia đình bạn bè Other countries Faraway places Đất nước khác International business Global trade Kinh doanh quốc tế In the past In earlier times Trong khứ Involve Entail Đòi hỏi Of course Admittedly Đương nhiên Be available Can be accessed Có sẵn Much of A vast amount of Nhiều Still Nevertheless Vẫn Nonetheless Question Issue Câu hỏi Try Attempt Cố gắng Save Protect Bảo vệ, bảo tồn Preserve Controversial Contentious Kiện, tranh chấp Die out, disappear Become extinct Tuyệt chủng Before In the past Trước Upset, disturb Disrupt Buồn Come back Return Trở lại Destroy Ruin Phá hủy Multiply Reproduce Tái sinh, tái sản xuất Out of control Unchecked Khơng bị cản trở Because Since Bởi Given that Danger Risk Nguy hiểm Maybe Perhaps Có thể Natural living environment Habitat Môi trường sống Cause Be responsible for Gây Result in Too much To excess Quá nhiều Illness Ailment Bệnh tật Serious health problem Major health problem Vấn đề nghiêm trọng sức khỏe When we get older In later life Khi già Cheap Affordable Rẻ Eat Consume Ăn, tiêu thụ In addition to this Further and even more Thêm vào importantly Today These days Ngày The country Rural area Nông thôn The city Urban area Thành phố Poorer Less affluent Nghèo Feel, believe Be convinced Cảm thấy, tin tưởng Attractive Appealing Hấp dẫn Move Relocate Chuyển Fall Decline Giảm Smack or cane Discipline Phạt Punish In my view From my perspective Theo ý kiến Important subject Core subject Vấn đề quan trọng Like Such as Như 138 linking words for IELTS I, Starting your opinion In my opinion, In my view, From my point of view It seems to me that From my perspective It appears that I realize I imagine According to me, To me, I think I believe To my way of thinking I suppose I understand I feel II, Giving examples For example, Such as As That is To illustrate For instance, In other words, Like Namely To paraphrase III, Comparing Similar to In common Either…or Neither…nor Just as As…as Also In the same way, At the same time Resemble IV, Contrasting However, On the contrary, Differ from Although Otherwise Alternatively, But On the other hand, Nevertheless Though Instead Even though V, Generalizing Generally, Overall, In general, It seems to me that All in all, Essentially, All things considered Generally speaking, On the whole, By and large, I believe Basically, As a rule, For the most part VI, Expressing certainly Certainly, Doubtless, Definitely, Undoubtedly, No doubt, Of course, VII, Expressing partial agreement More or less, To some extent, Up to a point, In a way, Almost, So to speak, VIII, Showing cause Due to Because of Because Owing to IX, Showing effect Therefore, Consequently, Thus, Thereby Hence, As a result, For this reason, So, Eventually, The reason why X, Making time First, Second, Third, Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, During To begin with Simultaneously Since Afterwards When Last Lastly, Then, First of all, Before After While At the same time After this/that Meanwhile Following this As soon as XI, Adding information Furthermore Also In addition And Moreover Likewise Besides Similarly As well as Too XII, Expressing condition Even If In case Provided that What’s more Whether Unless So that XIII, Concluding To summarize Lastly, To conclude with, In conclusion Finally, In short, ... From 19 99 to 20 09 = between 19 99 and 20 09 = over a period of 10 years = over a 10 year-period In 19 99 = in the year 19 99 In 19 80 and 20 00 = over two separate years = figures are given for 19 80... Topic sentence Supporting idea 1: làm rõ cho câu chủ đề Supporting idea 2: làm rõ cho câu chủ đề Supporting idea 3: làm rõ cho câu chủ đề 2, Cách Cách bố cục dùng trường hợp bạn có lý để support cho... in your supporting parapraphs using different words III, Cách viết đoạn thân writing task 1, Cách Cách bố cục dùng trường hợp bạn đến lý (hay hiểu đơn giản đến luận điểm) để support cho ý kiến