WORD FORMS Choose the appropriate form of the word. Be certain to use the correct verb tense, singular or plural form of the noun, and the passive voice where necessary 1. ability, able, to enable, ably a. The technology ________users with one telephone number to gain access to their desktop phone, cellular phone, fax and pager. b. She was _______ assisted by her team of researchers. c. The health centre serves all patients, regardless of their _______ to pay. d. I'd like to more gardening, but I never seem _______ to find the time. 2. achieve, achievement a. His great _______ is to make all the players into a united team. b. The reason I _______ good results is because I work hard -- and so could you. 3. accuracy, accurate, accurately a. It's impossible to predict the weather _______. b. There have been questions about the _______ of the report. c. The evidence she gave to the court was not strictly _______. 4. act, action, actor, active, actively a. Leonardo DiCaprio is my favourite ________ -- he's so good-looking! b. Carol was _______involved in the local sports club. c. The government must take _______ now to stop the rise in violent crime. d. The UN must _______ now to restore democracy. e. My father always led a very _______ life. 5. adapt, adaptation, adaptable a. The catfish is _______ to a wide range of water conditions. b. The children are finding it hard to _______ to the new school. c. She was responsible for the _______ of the book "The Witches of Eastwick" into a stage play. 6. add, addition, additional, additionally a. _______ information can be obtained from the centre. b. Despite the ________ of fertilizer, flowers are still unable to grow in the soil. c. A new contract is in place. ________, staff will be offered a bonus scheme. d. Beat together the egg and sugar, then ______ the flour. 7. admire, admiration, admirer, admirable, admirably a. McEnroe played _______, defeating another U.S. upstart, 16-year-old Michael Chang. b. Rollins _________ for her poetry, but she also writes fiction. c. His passion for work was insatiable, an ________ quality in a man. d. A crowd of ___________ had gathered outside Dunham's door. e. Carlos has earned our respect and _________. 8. apply, application, applicant, applicable a. We receive hundreds of job _________each year. b. She _______ for a job with the local newspaper three weeks ago. c. No single method, however, is ever going to be universally ________. d. __________ for teacher-training courses need to have at least one year's experience. 9. appreciate, appreciation, appreciative a. It helps children to develop an __________ of poetry and literature. b. He wrote a warm, ____________ letter, thanking her for everything she had done. c. He did not fully _________ the significance of signing the contract. 10. architecture, architect, architectural, architecturally a. Lahore boasts a wealth of ___________ significant buildings. b. St Paul's Cathedral was designed by the famous _________, Sir Christopher Wren. c. He studied ___________ at university. d. This mosque is one of the Mughal Empire’s most remarkable __________ achievements. 11. argue, argument, arguable, arguably a. Senna was _________ the greatest racing driver of all time. b. Gallacher continued _________ with the referee throughout the game. c. Some items are frankly fakes; others are of ________ value. d. I broke the vase during an __________ with my husband. 12. attract, attraction, attractive, attractively a. Women seem to find him __________. b. Disney World ________ millions of tourists each year. c. Graceland, Elvis Presley's former home, is now a tourist ____________ that draws more than 600,000 visitors every year. d. Women and girls wore their hair long and took care that it was always combed and arranged ________. 13. beauty, beautician, beautify, beautiful, beautifully a. ________ is in the eye of the beholder. b. Florence is such a ________ city. c. Locals welcome any efforts to __________ the neighbourhood. d. She was working double hours as a ________. e. Sea slugs are often __________ coloured. 14. believe, belief, believer, believable, unbelievable, unbelievably a. The plot is _________, but the characters aren't very interesting. b. I find it _________ that Mr. Carvey has no memory of that day. c. It is my ___________ that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years. d. You shouldn't ________ everything you read. e. She was a strong ________ in women's participation in public affairs. f. The power of the atomic bomb is ___________ great. 15. care, careful, careless, carelessness, carefully, carelessly a. Deforestation, over-development, and pollution from human-made chemicals are just a few of the consequences of human activity and _____________. b. You need to think very ___________ about which course you want to do. c. Be __________ - there's broken glass on the floor! d. I'm very lucky to have a husband, family and friends who __________ about me. e. I made a few __________ mistakes. f. If one part of the ecosystem is _________ destroyed, the whole environment suffers. 16. celebrate, celebration, celebrity, celebratory a. How you usually _________ New Year? b. New Year __________ in Scotland go on for three days. c. The ___________ event will mark the 75th anniversary of the university. d. I get to have fun and meet lots of __________ and get my picture taken. 17. character, characterise, characteristic, characteristically a. Each species of bird has its own ____________ song. b. Natural law thinking ______________ by two major problems. c. In the story, the main _____________ has left his girlfriend and baby. d. In local environments, dominant species of trees are _______________ associated with certain shrubs and herbs. 18. chemistry, chemist, chemical, chemically a. Hales is best known as a physiologist, ___________, and inventor. b. ___________, the substances are similar. c. Edison was his hero; _________ and electricity were his passions. d. More than a score of nations now seeks or possesses ____________ weapons. 19. collect, collection, collector, collective, collectively a. The decision to launch nuclear weapons must be _____________. b. The company ___________ information about consumer trends. c. Rain, snow and hail are ___________ known as precipitation. d. The painting was bought by a private ___________. e. Have you seen Alvin's stamp __________? 20. comfort, comfortable, comfortably a. The bed wasn't particularly __________. b. Alan was very reluctant to leave the warmth and __________ of the fire. c. He tried to _________ her by telling her that everything would be all right. d. The hotel is modern and ___________ furnished. 21. commerce, commercial, commercially a. Nintendo has been _____________ successful. b. It is renowned as a business and ____________ centre. c. This restriction creates a barrier for global electronic ____________. 22. compare, comparison, comparable, comparably a. In ____________ to other recent video games, this one isn't very exciting. b. A car of ____________ size would cost far more abroad. c. If you ___________ rents in London with those in New York, you'll find they are about the same. d. Earnings have risen _________ in the computer industry. 23. compete, competition, competitor, competitive, competitively a. Last year they sold twice as many computers as their _____________. b. There is fierce ____________ between the three leading soap manufacturers. c. Some US industries are not as ___________ as they have been in the past. d. Snowboarding is performed both recreationally and ___________. e. The stores have to ____________ for customers in the Christmas season. 24. compute, computer, computation a. I can't get the program to work on my ___________. b. Final results had not yet been ___________. c. Even today, children spend 90 percent of their math time on these ____________. 25. consider, consideration, considerate, considerable, considerably a. It was very _____________ of you to let us know you were going to be late. b. We've saved a ___________ amount of money. c. Cost should not be your main _____________. d. Conditions have improved ______________ over the past few years. e. Before buying a car you should ______________ the cost of insuring it. 26. construct, construction, constructor, constructive, constructively a. ______________ of Highway 85 will begin soon. b. We welcome any _____________ criticism. c. There are plans to ____________ a new road bridge across the river. d. Unable to deal ____________ with the opposition, he became heavy-handed in his rule. e. All this is wonderful testament to the life's designers and __________. 27. consume, consumption, consumer, consumable a. _____________ will soon be paying higher air fares. b. International relief supplied more than 5,000 tonnes of drugs and ___________ medical supplies, syringes, needles and other equipment. c. In order to survive human beings need to ___________ food and water. d. The ____________ of alcohol on the premises is forbidden. 28. contribute, contributor, contribution a. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his ____________ to Quantum Theory. b. The volunteers ____________ their own time to the project. c. Dr Win was a major ____________ to the research. 29. control, controller, controllable a. I wish he'd learn to ____________ his temper. b. Babies are born with very little _____________ over their movements. c. Wayne, the treasurer and ___________, exercised power to successfully establish an offshore trading company. d. Diabetes is a serious but __________ disease. 30. create, creator, creation, creative, creatively a. Children should be allowed to develop their ____________ abilities. b. Some people believe the universe ___________ by a big explosion. c. The plan should result in the ____________ of 2000 new jobs. d. Diaghilev is considered by many to be the ___________ of the first modern dance company. e. All students improve when they are taught to think analytically, ____________ and practically about the material they learn. 31. criticise, critic, criticism, critical, critically a. 10 people died and 30 were ____________ injured in a rail crash yesterday. b. After the University of Montpellier he worked first as a film _______, then as a reporter in Paris. c. He made some highly _________ remarks. d. The decision has been strongly ___________ by teachers. e. Despite strong ____________, the new system is still in place. 32. danger, endanger, dangerous, dangerously a. The virus is probably not ___________ to humans. b. Smoking during pregnancy ___________ your baby's life. c. The __________ of a fire in the home increases during the holidays. d. People who drive ____________ should receive harsher punishments. 33. die, death, dead, deadly a. Police are trying to contact the family of the ___________ man. b. Arsenic, a ____________ poison, exceeded the safe limit by seven times. c. Cancer is the leading cause of ___________ in women. d. He ____________ in 1985 at the age of 76. 34. decide, decision, decisive, decisively a. Yet again, we have failed to act __________. b. People have a right to __________ how to spend their own money. c. Women can play a __________ role in the debate over cloning. d. Do you ever wonder if you made the right __________? 35. decorate, decoration, decorator, decorative a. My uncle Bill's been a painter and ___________ all his life. b. Many of the nature books are purely ___________, but a few are very informative. c. The bathroom _____________ in green and yellow. d. The only ______________ in the room was a picture above the fireplace. 36. depend, dependence, dependent, independent, independence, independently a. She had elderly parents who could no longer live __________. b. Norway's economy is heavily ___________ on natural resources. c. Nigeria gained ____________ from Britain in 1960. d. ____________ on alcohol can have a serious effect on your relationships and career. e. 'How long are you staying?' 'I don't know; it ________.' f. Robert aimed to be _____________ of his parents by the time he was twenty. 37. destroy, destruction, destructive a. The floods brought death and ____________ to the area. b. At this rate, the forest will be completely ____________ within the next 30 years. c. Alcoholics often tend to have stormy and ___________ relationships. 38. develop, development, developer, developing a. Average birth rates for women in ___________ countries have fallen from six per woman to three in the past three decades. b. Chicago _____________ into a big city in the late 1800s. c. A 63-year-old property _____________ who does not want to be named, Tom is one of the wealthiest men on the island. d. ____________ in radar and engine designs have changed the shape of the plane. 39. differ, difference, different, differently a. The main ___________ between the groups was age. b. I didn't expect to be treated ____________ from anyone else. c. People ___________ from one another in their ability to handle stress. d. Our sons are very __________ from each other. 40. direct, direction, director, directive, directly a. Have you met the new finance _____________? b. In some instances, our recommendations are highly ____________. c. The new property tax law won't ____________ affect us. d. The girls pointed in the opposite __________. e. I want to __________ my efforts more towards my own projects. 41. discover, discovery, discoverer a. the Tasman Sea was named after its ___________, the Dutch explorer and navigator Abel Tasman. b. The Hubble Telescope has allowed astronomers to make significant __________ about our galaxy. c. Her body __________ in a field yesterday. 42. distribute, distribution, distributor a. The cost of packaging and _____________ ranges from $3 to $4 per videotape. b. Wisdom is also exclusive ___________ for Triple Gem Press. c. Milk ___________ to the local shops by Herald's Dairies. 43. donate, donor, donation a. Would you like to make a ____________ to our charity appeal? b. Last year he ___________ $1,000 to cancer research. c. An anonymous ___________ has given £500 towards the restoration fund. 44. economy, economist, economise, economic, economical, economically a. _________ reform is needed. b. Higher taxes encourage people to ___________ on fuel. c. A small car is more ___________ to run. d. Cherry went to work as a home __________. e. ____________, capitalism has transformed societies. f. This increase in export earnings will stimulate the domestic ___________. 45. edit, edition, editor, editorial a. A limited ____________ of 2000 copies has been published. b. Sharon is an ___________ assistant in the sports department. c. Arch Ward became sports _________ of the Chicago Tribune. d. The newspaper _________ letters before printing them. 46. electricity, electrician, electrify, electrical, electrically a. The fire was caused by an ____________ fault. b. He trained as an ____________. c. Mackenzie ____________ the Toronto streetcar system. d. The farm was very isolated, but it had ____________. e. By 1904 about one-third of all the cars in New York City were ____________ powered. 47. election, elector, elect, elective a. It has been estimated that there are approximately million __________ offices to be filled. b. I think we should start by ________ a new chairman. c. Over 36% of ___________ did not vote at all. d. The next presidential _______ is due in two years. 48. employment, employer, employee, employ, employable a. My previous ___________ gave us four weeks of vacation after 10 years. b. She's highly __________, so she shouldn't have any trouble finding work. c. I ___________ as a night-watchman by the local hospital. d. Mexican law prohibits the _____________ of children under 14. e. The company laid off about 90 of its 170 __________. 49. encouragement, encourage, encouraging, encouragingly a. His condition after the surgery looks very _____________. b. Cooder ______________ to begin playing the guitar by his father. c. Children need lots of ______________ when they're learning new things. d. ______________, major chain stores across the United States reported sharp September sales increases this year over last year. 50. energy, energise, energetic, energetically a. The charity hopes the campaign will __________ its volunteers. b. He fought __________ against apartheid. c. She was full of ___________ after her vacation. d. We need to be more __________ in promoting ourselves abroad. 51. enjoy, enjoyment, enjoyable a. Young children __________ helping around the house. b. A really good wine will add to your __________ of the meal. c. We spent an __________ evening playing cards. 52. environment, environmentalist, environmental a. An oil spill of that size will cause a lot of _________ damage. b. Some of these chemicals are very damaging to the ___________. c. The change has been sharply criticized by _________________. d. Earth Day organizers ask consumers to avoid buying ________________ harmful products. 53. explore, exploration, explorer, exploratory a. Maps were created by different ___________ who each brought in their own small bit. b. The air bag landing scheme had never been used in space ___________. c. The operations had been mainly ____________. d. Venice is a wonderful city to __________. 54. fame, famous, famously a. Streisand won __________ as a singer before she became an actress. b. The Eiffel Tower is a __________ landmark c. Dorothy and Amelia got on _________. 55. familiarity, familiarise, familiar, familiarly a. The voice on the phone sounded ________. b. The FBI is looking for Tom Charles, _________ known as Charlie the Kid. c. In fact his ____________ with the Bronx was pretty limited. d. Employees must ___________ themselves with the health and safety manual. 56. finance, financier, financial, financially a. He was an expert in _____________ and advised people where to invest their money. b. The concerts ___________ by the Arts Council. c. He was successful and _____________ secure. d. _____________, merchants and bankers, such as the Rothschilds and the Barings, remained the most distinctive group. e. It was a wonderful film, but not exactly a __________ success. 57. found, founder, foundation a. Eton College _____________ by Henry VI in 1440. b. The earthquake shook the ______________ of the house. c. The shop is still run by the ____________ and his two sons. 58. free, freedom a. Admission is ________ for children under 9. b. She _____________ from prison last week. c. People here like their __________ and privacy. 59. graduate, graduation a. At one point, he hired a young college _________ to help. b. Kate _____________ from medical school last year. c. We're going to Sarah's ___________ on Sunday. 60. generalisation, generalise, general, generally a. ____________, part-timers work in low-status, low-wage occupations. b. You can't make __________________ about what men and women are like. c. I have a ___________ idea of what I want to express. d. It is difficult to ___________ about the kind of people who come on these courses. 61. grow, grower, growth a. We've seen an enormous ____________ in the number of businesses using the Web. b. Can ______________ be persuaded to change their minds? c. Sales of new cars ____________ by 10% last year. 62. health, healthy a. I've always been perfectly ____________ until now. b. Smoking can seriously damage your __________. 63. high, height, heighten, highly a. Increased levels of fat in the diet could ____________ the risk of cancer. b. My brother and I are nearly the same ______________. c. Tom's mother was __________ critical of the school's approach. d. The camp was surrounded by a ___________ fence. 64. help, helper, helpful a. She was coming to __________ clean the machines. b. Do you want any _________ with the washing-up? c. It is _________ to discuss your problems with your friends. d. Ella works at the hospital once a week as a voluntary ___________. 65. history, historian, historical, historically a. This is what a recent ____________, S. D. Gothein, has suggested. b. Was King Arthur a real ___________ figure? c. Throughout __________, the achievements of women have been largely ignored. d. How __________ significant is this discovery? 66. increase, increasing, increasingly a. Cases of tuberculosis are on the _________. b. European leaders watched events unfold with __________ alarm. c. Marketing techniques are becoming __________ sophisticated. d. The population _____________ dramatically in the first half of the century. 67. inform, information, informant, informative a. We regret to ____________ you that your application has been rejected. b. Jim found the library staff friendly and __________. c. The guide will provide you with ____________ about the area. d. Working as an ___________, Johnson provided the FBI with details on the Mafia's criminal activities. 68. injure, injury, injurious a. Angus __________ his leg playing rugby yesterday. b. She was taken to hospital with serious head __________. c. Smoking is __________ to health. 69. innovate, innovation, innovator, innovative a. Dolphy was an extraordinary improviser and _______ who expanded jazz beyond the developments of bebop. b. The company has successfully _________ new products and services. c. ___________ and hard work are the cornerstones of this company. d. The city has introduced an __________ system of traffic control. 70. intend, intention, intentional, intentionally a. The jury has to decide whether the killing was an ___________ act. b. Police believe the fire was started ___________. 10 c. I have no ____________ of retiring just yet. d. I didn't _____________ her to see the painting until it was finished. KEY Choose the appropriate form of the word. Be certain to use the correct verb tense, singular or plural form of the noun, and the passive voice where necessary 71. ability, able, to enable, ably a. The technology enables users with one telephone number to gain access to their desktop phone, cellular phone, fax and pager. b. She was ably assisted by her team of researchers. c. The health centre serves all patients, regardless of their ability to pay. d. I'd like to more gardening, but I never seem able to find the time. 72. achieve, achievement a. His great achievement is to make all the players into a united team. b. The reason I achieve good results is because I work hard -- and so could you. 73. accuracy, accurate, accurately a. It's impossible to predict the weather accurately. b. There have been questions about the accuracy of the report. c. The evidence she gave to the court was not strictly accurate. 74. act, action, actor, active, actively a. Leonardo DiCaprio is my favourite actor -- he's so good-looking! 11 b. Carol was actively involved in the local sports club. c. The government must take action now to stop the rise in violent crime. d. The UN must act now to restore democracy. e. My father always led a very active life. 75. adapt, adaptation, adaptable a. The catfish is adaptable to a wide range of water conditions. b. The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. c. She was responsible for the adaptation of the book "The Witches of Eastwick" into a stage play. 76. add, addition, additional, additionally a. Additional information can be obtained from the centre. b. Despite the addition of fertilizer, flowers are still unable to grow in the soil. c. A new contract is in place. Additionally, staff will be offered a bonus scheme. d. Beat together the egg and sugar, then add the flour. 77. admire, admiration, admirer, admirable, admirably a. McEnroe played admirably, defeating another U.S. upstart, 16-year-old Michael Chang. b. Rollins is admired for her poetry, but she also writes fiction. c. His passion for work was insatiable, an admirable quality in a man. d. A crowd of admirers had gathered outside Dunham's door. e. Carlos has earned our respect and admiration. 78. apply, application, applicant, applicable a. We receive hundreds of job applications each year. b. She applied for a job with the local newspaper three weeks ago. c. No single method, however, is ever going to be universally applicable. d. Applicants for teacher-training courses need to have at least one year's experience. 79. appreciate, appreciation, appreciative a. It helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature. b. He wrote a warm, appreciative letter, thanking her for everything she had done. c. He did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract. 80. architecture, architect, architectural, architecturally a. Lahore boasts a wealth of architecturally significant buildings. b. St Paul's Cathedral was designed by the famous architect, Sir Christopher Wren. c. He studied architecture at university. d. This mosque is one of the Mughal Empire’s most remarkable architectural achievements. 81. argue, argument, arguable, arguably a. Senna was arguably the greatest racing driver of all time. b. Gallacher continued to argue with the referee throughout the game. 12 c. Some items are frankly fakes; others are of arguable value. d. I broke the vase during an argument with my husband. 82. attract, attraction, attractive, attractively a. Women seem to find him attractive. b. Disney World attracts millions of tourists each year. c. Graceland, Elvis Presley's former home, is now a tourist attraction that draws more than 600,000 visitors every year. d. Women and girls wore their hair long and took care that it was always combed and arranged attractively. 83. beauty, beautician, beautify, beautiful, beautifully a. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. b. Florence is such a beautiful city. c. Locals welcome any efforts to beautify the neighbourhood. d. She was working double hours as a beautician. e. Sea slugs are often beautifully coloured. 84. believe, belief, believer, believable, unbelievable, unbelievably a. The plot is believable, but the characters aren't very interesting. b. I find it unbelievable that Mr. Carvey has no memory of that day. c. It is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years. d. You shouldn't believe everything you read. e. She was a strong believer in women's participation in public affairs. f. The power of the atomic bomb is unbelievably great. 85. care, careful, careless, carelessness, carefully, carelessly a. Deforestation, over-development, and pollution from human-made chemicals are just a few of the consequences of human activity and carelessness. b. You need to think very carefully about which course you want to do. c. Be careful - there's broken glass on the floor! d. I'm very lucky to have a husband, family and friends who care about me. e. I made a few careless mistakes. f. If one part of the ecosystem is carelessly destroyed, the whole environment suffers. 86. celebrate, celebration, celebrity, celebratory a. How you usually celebrate New Year? b. New Year celebrations in Scotland go on for three days. c. The celebratory event will mark the 75th anniversary of the university. d. I get to have fun and meet lots of celebrities and get my picture taken. 87. character, characterise, characteristic, characteristically a. Each species of bird has its own characteristic song. b. Natural law thinking is characterized by two major problems. c. In the story, the main character has left his girlfriend and baby. 13 d. In local environments, dominant species of trees are characteristically associated with certain shrubs and herbs. 88. chemistry, chemist, chemical, chemically a. Hales is best known as a physiologist, chemist, and inventor. b. Chemically, the substances are similar. c. Edison was his hero; chemistry and electricity were his passions. d. More than a score of nations now seeks or possesses chemical weapons. 89. collect, collection, collector, collective, collectively a. The decision to launch nuclear weapons must be collective. b. The company collects information about consumer trends. c. Rain, snow and hail are collectively known as precipitation. d. The painting was bought by a private collector. e. Have you seen Alvin's stamp collection? 90. comfort, comfortable, comfortably a. The bed wasn't particularly comfortable. b. Alan was very reluctant to leave the warmth and comfort of the fire. c. He tried to comfort her by telling her that everything would be all right. d. The hotel is modern and comfortably furnished . 91. commerce, commercial, commercially a. Nintendo has been commercially successful. b. It is renowned as a business and commercial centre. c. This restriction creates a barrier for global electronic commerce. 92. compare, comparison, comparable, comparably a. In comparison to other recent video games, this one isn't very exciting. b. A car of comparable size would cost far more abroad. c. If you compare rents in London with those in New York, you'll find they are about the same. d. Earnings have risen comparably in the computer industry. 93. compete, competition, competitor, competitive, competitively a. Last year they sold twice as many computers as their competitors. b. There is fierce competition between the three leading soap manufacturers. c. Some US industries are not as competitive as they have been in the past. d. Snowboarding is performed both recreationally and competitively. e. The stores have to compete for customers in the Christmas season. 94. compute, computer, computation a. I can't get the program to work on my computer. b. Final results had not yet been computed. c. Even today, children spend 90 percent of their math time on these computations. 95. consider, consideration, considerate, considerable, considerably 14 a. It was very considerate of you to let us know you were going to be late. b. We've saved a considerable amount of money. c. Cost should not be your main consideration. d. Conditions have improved considerably over the past few years. e. Before buying a car you should consider the cost of insuring it. 96. construct, construction, constructor, constructive, constructively a. Construction of Highway 85 will begin soon. b. We welcome any constructive criticism. c. There are plans to construct a new road bridge across the river. d. Unable to deal constructively with the opposition, he became heavy-handed in his rule. e. All this is wonderful testament to the life's designers and constructors. 97. consume, consumption, consumer, consumable a. Consumers will soon be paying higher air fares. b. International relief supplied more than 5,000 tonnes of drugs and consumable medical supplies, syringes, needles and other equipment. c. In order to survive human beings need to consume food and water. d. The consumption of alcohol on the premises is forbidden. 98. contribute, contributor, contribution a. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory. b. The volunteers contribute their own time to the project. c. Dr Win was a major contributor to the research. 99. control, controller, controllable a. I wish he'd learn to control his temper. b. Babies are born with very little control over their movements. c. Wayne, the treasurer and controller, exercised power to successfully establish an offshore trading company. d. Diabetes is a serious but controllable disease. 100. create, creator, creation, creative, creatively a. Children should be allowed to develop their creative abilities. b. Some people believe the universe was created by a big explosion. c. The plan should result in the creation of 2000 new jobs. d. Diaghilev is considered by many to be the creator of the first modern dance company. e. All students improve when they are taught to think analytically, creatively and practically about the material they learn. 101. criticise, critic, criticism, critical, critically a. 10 people died and 30 were critically injured in a rail crash yesterday. b. After the University of Montpellier he worked first as a film critic, then as a reporter in Paris. 15 c. He made some highly critical remarks. d. The decision has been strongly criticised by teachers. e. Despite strong criticism, the new system is still in place. 102. danger, endanger, dangerous, dangerously a. The virus is probably not dangerous to humans. b. Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby's life. c. The danger of a fire in the home increases during the holidays. d. People who drive dangerously should receive harsher punishments. 103. die, death, dead, deadly a. Police are trying to contact the family of the dead man. b. Arsenic, a deadly poison, exceeded the safe limit by seven times. c. Cancer is the leading cause of death in women. d. He died in 1985 at the age of 76. 104. decide, decision, decisive, decisively a. Yet again, we have failed to act decisively. b. People have a right to decide how to spend their own money. c. Women can play a decisive role in the debate over cloning. d. Do you ever wonder if you made the right decision? 105. decorate, decoration, decorator, decorative a. My uncle Bill's been a painter and decorator all his life. b. Many of the nature books are purely decorative, but a few are very informative. c. The bathroom is decorated in green and yellow. d. The only decoration in the room was a picture above the fireplace. 106. depend, dependence, dependent, independent, independence, independently a. She had elderly parents who could no longer live independently. b. Norway's economy is heavily dependent on natural resources. c. Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960. d. Dependence on alcohol can have a serious effect on your relationships and career. e. 'How long are you staying?' 'I don't know; it depends.' f. 107. Robert aimed to be independent of his parents by the time he was twenty. destroy, destruction, destructive a. The floods brought death and destruction to the area. b. At this rate, the forest will be completely destroyed within the next 30 years. c. Alcoholics often tend to have stormy and destructive relationships. 108. develop, development, developer, developing a. Average birth rates for women in developing countries have fallen from six per woman to three in the past three decades. b. Chicago developed into a big city in the late 1800s. 16 c. A 63-year-old property developer who does not want to be named, Tom is one of the wealthiest men on the island. d. Developments in radar and engine designs have changed the shape of the plane. 109. differ, difference, different, differently a. The main difference between the groups was age. b. I didn't expect to be treated differently from anyone else. c. People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress. d. Our sons are very different from each other. 110. direct, direction, director, directive, directly a. Have you met the new finance director? b. In some instances, our recommendations are highly directive. c. The new property tax law won't directly affect us. d. The girls pointed in the opposite direction. e. I want to direct my efforts more towards my own projects. 111. discover, discovery, discoverer a. the Tasman Sea was named after its discoverer, the Dutch explorer and navigator Abel Tasman. b. The Hubble Telescope has allowed astronomers to make significant discoveries about our galaxy. c. Her body was discovered in a field yesterday. 112. distribute, distribution, distributor a. The cost of packaging and distribution ranges from $3 to $4 per videotape. b. Wisdom is also exclusive distributor for Triple Gem Press. c. Milk is distributed to the local shops by Herald's Dairies. 113. donate, donor, donation a. Would you like to make a donation to our charity appeal? b. Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research. c. An anonymous donor has given £500 towards the restoration fund. 114. economy, economist, economise, economic, economical, economically a. Economic reform is needed. b. Higher taxes encourage people to economise on fuel. c. A small car is more economical to run. d. Cherry went to work as a home economist. e. Economically, capitalism has transformed societies. f. 115. This increase in export earnings will stimulate the domestic economy. edit, edition, editor, editorial a. A limited edition of 2000 copies has been published. b. Sharon is an editorial assistant in the sports department. c. Arch Ward became sports editor of the Chicago Tribune. 17 d. The newspaper edits letters before printing them. 116. electricity, electrician, electrify, electrical, electrically a. The fire was caused by an electrical fault . b. He trained as an electrician. c. Mackenzie electrified the Toronto streetcar system. d. The farm was very isolated, but it had electricity. e. By 1904 about one-third of all the cars in New York City were electrically powered. 117. election, elector, elect, elective a. It has been estimated that there are approximately million elective offices to be filled. b. I think we should start by electing a new chairman. c. Over 36% of electors did not vote at all. d. The next presidential election is due in two years. 118. employment, employer, employee, employ, employable a. My previous employer gave us four weeks of vacation after 10 years. b. She's highly employable, so she shouldn't have any trouble finding work. c. I was employed as a night-watchman by the local hospital. d. Mexican law prohibits the employment of children under 14. e. The company laid off about 90 of its 170 employees. 119. encouragement, encourage, encouraging, encouragingly a. His condition after the surgery looks very encouraging. b. Cooder was encouraged to begin playing the guitar by his father. c. Children need lots of encouragement when they're learning new things. d. Encouragingly, major chain stores across the United States reported sharp September sales increases this year over last year. 120. energy, energise, energetic, energetically a. The charity hopes the campaign will energise its volunteers. b. He fought energetically against apartheid. c. She was full of energy after her vacation. d. We need to be more energetic in promoting ourselves abroad. 121. enjoy, enjoyment, enjoyable a. Young children enjoy helping around the house. b. A really good wine will add to your enjoyment of the meal. c. We spent an enjoyable evening playing cards. 122. environment, environmentalist, environmental a. An oil spill of that size will cause a lot of environmental damage. b. Some of these chemicals are very damaging to the environment. c. The change has been sharply criticized by environmentalists. d. Earth Day organizers ask consumers to avoid buying environmentally harmful products. 18 123. explore, exploration, explorer, exploratory a. Maps were created by different explorers who each brought in their own small bit. b. The air bag landing scheme had never been used in space exploration. c. The operations had been mainly exploratory. d. Venice is a wonderful city to explore. 124. fame, famous, famously a. Streisand won fame as a singer before she became an actress. b. The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark c. Dorothy and Amelia got on famously. 125. familiarity, familiarise, familiar, familiarly a. The voice on the phone sounded familiar. b. The FBI is looking for Tom Charles, familiarly known as Charlie the Kid. c. In fact his familiarity with the Bronx was pretty limited. d. Employees must familiarize themselves with the health and safety manual. 126. finance, financier, financial, financially a. He was an expert in finance and advised people where to invest their money. b. The concerts are financed by the Arts Council. c. He was successful and financially secure . d. Financiers, merchants and bankers, such as the Rothschilds and the Barings, remained the most distinctive group. e. It was a wonderful film, but not exactly a financial success. 127. found, founder, foundation a. Eton College was founded by Henry VI in 1440. b. The earthquake shook the foundations of the house. c. The shop is still run by the founder and his two sons. 128. free, freedom a. Admission is free for children under 9. b. She was freed from prison last week. c. People here like their freedom and privacy. 129. graduate, graduation a. At one point, he hired a young college graduate to help. b. Kate graduated from medical school last year. c. We're going to Sarah's graduation on Sunday. 130. generalisation, generalise, general, generally a. Generally, part-timers work in low-status, low-wage occupations. b. You can't make generalisations about what men and women are like. c. I have a general idea of what I want to express. d. It is difficult to generalise about the kind of people who come on these courses. 19 131. grow, grower, growth a. We've seen an enormous growth in the number of businesses using the Web. b. Can growers be persuaded to change their minds? c. Sales of new cars grew by 10% last year. 132. health, healthy a. I've always been perfectly healthy until now. b. Smoking can seriously damage your health. 133. high, height, heighten, highly a. Increased levels of fat in the diet could heighten the risk of cancer. b. My brother and I are nearly the same height. c. Tom's mother was highly critical of the school's approach. d. The camp was surrounded by a high fence. 134. help, helper, helpful a. She was coming to help clean the machines. b. Do you want any help with the washing-up? c. It is helpful to discuss your problems with your friends. d. Ella works at the hospital once a week as a voluntary helper. 135. history, historian, historical, historically a. This is what a recent historian, S. D. Gothein, has suggested. b. Was King Arthur a real historical figure? c. Throughout history, the achievements of women have been largely ignored. d. How historically significant is this discovery? 136. increase, increasing, increasingly a. Cases of tuberculosis are on the increase. b. European leaders watched events unfold with increasing alarm. c. Marketing techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated. d. The population increased dramatically in the first half of the century. 137. inform, information, informant, informative a. We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. b. Jim found the library staff friendly and informative. c. The guide will provide you with information about the area. d. Working as an informant, Johnson provided the FBI with details on the Mafia's criminal activities. 138. injure, injury, injurious a. Angus injured his leg playing rugby yesterday. b. She was taken to hospital with serious head injuries. c. Smoking is injurious to health. 139. innovate, innovation, innovator, innovative 20 a. Dolphy was an extraordinary improviser and innovator who expanded jazz beyond the developments of bebop. b. The company has successfully innovated new products and services. c. Innovation and hard work are the cornerstones of this company. d. The city has introduced an innovative system of traffic control. 140. intend, intention, intentional, intentionally a. The jury has to decide whether the killing was an intentional act. b. Police believe the fire was started intentionally. c. I have no intention of retiring just yet. d. I didn't intend her to see the painting until it was finished. 21 [...]... d The population increased dramatically in the first half of the century 137 inform, information, informant, informative a We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected b Jim found the library staff friendly and informative c The guide will provide you with information about the area d Working as an informant, Johnson provided the FBI with details on the Mafia's criminal activities...c I have no of retiring just yet d I didn't _ her to see the painting until it was finished KEY Choose the appropriate form of the word Be certain to use the correct verb tense, singular or plural form of the noun, and the passive voice where necessary 71 ability, able, to enable, ably a The technology enables users with one telephone number to gain access... towards the restoration fund 114 economy, economist, economise, economic, economical, economically a Economic reform is needed b Higher taxes encourage people to economise on fuel c A small car is more economical to run d Cherry went to work as a home economist e Economically, capitalism has transformed societies f 115 This increase in export earnings will stimulate the domestic economy edit, edition, editor,... score of nations now seeks or possesses chemical weapons 89 collect, collection, collector, collective, collectively a The decision to launch nuclear weapons must be collective b The company collects information about consumer trends c Rain, snow and hail are collectively known as precipitation d The painting was bought by a private collector e Have you seen Alvin's stamp collection? 90 comfort, comfortable,... computers as their competitors b There is fierce competition between the three leading soap manufacturers c Some US industries are not as competitive as they have been in the past d Snowboarding is performed both recreationally and competitively e The stores have to compete for customers in the Christmas season 94 compute, computer, computation a I can't get the program to work on my computer b Final... made the right decision? 105 decorate, decoration, decorator, decorative a My uncle Bill's been a painter and decorator all his life b Many of the nature books are purely decorative, but a few are very informative c The bathroom is decorated in green and yellow d The only decoration in the room was a picture above the fireplace 106 depend, dependence, dependent, independent, independence, independently... are finding it hard to adapt to the new school c She was responsible for the adaptation of the book "The Witches of Eastwick" into a stage play 76 add, addition, additional, additionally a Additional information can be obtained from the centre b Despite the addition of fertilizer, flowers are still unable to grow in the soil c A new contract is in place Additionally, staff will be offered a bonus scheme... during an argument with my husband 82 attract, attraction, attractive, attractively a Women seem to find him attractive b Disney World attracts millions of tourists each year c Graceland, Elvis Presley's former home, is now a tourist attraction that draws more than 600,000 visitors every year d Women and girls wore their hair long and took care that it was always combed and arranged attractively 83 beauty, . the century. 137. inform, information, informant, informative a. We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected. b. Jim found the library staff friendly and informative. c. The. WORD FORMS Choose the appropriate form of the word. Be certain to use the correct verb tense, singular or plural form of the noun, and the passive voice. The population _____________ dramatically in the first half of the century. 67. inform, information, informant, informative a. We regret to ____________ you that your application has been rejected. b.