Danh gia thiic trgng mo hinh tang trudng kinh te tinh Quang Nam NGUYEN CHIN jXto hinh tdng trUdng kinh te tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013 dd co nhUng * * * • thdnh cong ve quy md, tdc tdng trUdng vd ndng cao mUc sdng ngudi ddn. Tuy nhiin, md hinh ndy chi van hdnh ehu ydu theo chieu rdng, do viec chuyen ddi md hinh tdng trUdng sang chieu sdu Id cdn thiet. Bdi viet ddnh gid thiic trang md hinh tdng trudng kinh td tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013, tii dUa hdm y chinh sdch ve dinh hudng vd cdc gidi phdp chu ydu di chuyin doi md hinh tdng trUdng kinh tetinh Qudng Nam thdi gian tdi. H di nghi Idn thfl III Ban Cha'p h a n h trung fldng khda XI (2012) da xae dinh: cd cd'u lai n i n kinh te phai gan liln vdi md hinh tdng trfldng theo hfldng nang eao cha't Ifldng, hidu qua vd sflc canh tranh; phai dflde thfle hidn ddng bd td't ca cac nganh, cac linh vfle trdn pham vi ca nfldc va tflng dia phfldng. Cflng vdi ca nfldc, kinh t l Quang Nam da cd tdng trfldng cao lidn tuc sud't thdi gian qua. Cd ca'u kinh t l va cd edu lao dpng tilp ttic chuyen dich theo hfldng cdng nghiep va dich vu. Ddi sd'ng eua dai bd p h a n n h a n dan dflpc nang len. Tuy nhien, Quang Nam vdn cdn la tinh ngheo, k i t cdu tang chfla ddng bd, cha't Ifldng ngudn n h a n Iflc chfla dap flng ydu cdu cdng nghiep hda. N i n kinh t l cd quy md nhd, tang trfldng chfla tfldng xflng vdi tilm nang, cd mat t h i l u ben vflng; mdi trfldng ddu tfl chfla t h a t sfl hd'p ddn; ddng gdp vdo tang trfldng chu y l u vdn la ye'u to vd'n vd lao ddng, yeu to' khoa hoc cdng nghe, nang sudt lao dpng cdn thd'p. Trong bd'i canh tai cd cdu vd chuyen doi md hinh t a n g trfldng nen kinh t l ca nfldc, danh gia thfle trang, lam rd quan diem, dinh hfldng ehuyen doi md hinh tdng trfldng kinh te ciia tinh Quang Nam thdi gian tdi la viec lam cdn t h i l t hien nay. td' san xuat, cac thdnh td' cua chi tieu, cd ehe tao ddng lUc cho tang trfldng va danh gia tac ddng cua tang trudng dd'n eon ngUdi, xa hdi va mdi trfldng sinh thai. Ve gdc dp san xudt, can phan tich tac ddng, hieu qua vide huy ddng vd sfl dung eac ngudn Ifle nhfl vd'n, lao ddng va nang suat eac nhan td' tong hdp cho tang trfldng. Ve gdc dp chi tieu, cdn phdn tich ddng gdp cua cdc to tdng cdu - chi tieu dd'i vdi san Ifldng, bao gdm: tieu dung, dau tu, xua't nhap khau. V l ddng lUe, cdn phdn tich ddng gdp cua the che', sfl vdn hdnh cua thi trfldng, ddng thdi danh gid mfle dp tae ddng cua tang trfldng de'n ngfldi, xa hdi va mdi trfldng sinh thai. Nghien cflu ndy sfl dung phfldng phap dinh Ifldng va tiep cdn gdc dp san xud't va ehi tieu de danh gia md hinh tang trfldng kinh t l tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013. Do sd' heu thong ke cua dia phfldng khdng dfl dfl Hdu dd tinh ty phan thu nhap cua lao ddng, tac gia sfl dung pbudng phdp Ude Ifldng (OLS) bang Eview 5.1 vdi ham san Ifldng thfle te tren mdt lao ddng eho ea nen kinh t l va khu vUe: ndng, lam, thuy san (NLTS), cdng ngbiep-xay dung (CN-XD) va dich vu (DV) vdi 13 quan sat (2001-2013). Gid tri von san xudt eua nen kinh te (K) nam ddu tien dflde tinh vdi gia dinh cd trfldc cac gia tri kha'u bao, ty 1. Dfl l i e u v a phfloTng p h a p n g h i e n clJfu Danh gia md hinh tang trfldng kinh t l phai danh gid ddy du tdc dpng cua cac nhdn Nguyin Chin, TTiS., Dai Phdt - Truydn hinh tinh Quang Nam. 57 Danh gia thuc trang mft hinh p h d n t h u n h d p cua v l n , lao ddng va gia tri TFP. Gia t r i v l n nhflng n a m t i l p theo t i n h theo phfldng p h a p kh§iu hao lien tuc, cd so s a n h mfle kha'u h a o von la 8%/nam v a 6%/nam. Cac kd't qua u6c Ifldng va bach toan t a n g trfldng cd so sanh, dd'i chieu vdi k i t qua cac nghien cflu trfldc doi vdi ca nfldc. V l gdc dp chi tieu, hien n a y n g a n h thd'ng kd eiia cac dia phfldng chi t i n h gia t r i tdng s a n p h a m t r e n dia b a n (GRDP) theo phfldng p h a p s a n xua't ndn k h d n g du so lieu cac t h a n h to tong cdu. Tac gia td'ng hdp va p h a n tich t h e m cac s i lidu xua't nhdp khdu, ddu tfl, ehi n g a n sach n h a nfldc, chi d a m bao xa hdi, cdc chfldng t r i n h mue tieu eiia N h a nfldc . tfl cac cd q u a n cd t h d m quyen. Dua vdo ly t h u y l t vdng t h u nhdp, chi tieu n i n kinh te' md vdi ddng thfle t h u n h a p bang vdi chi tidu (Y=C+G+I+NX) d l t i n h toan cac gia tri ddu tfl h i n h t h a n h t a i san, t h u n h a p k h a dung va tieu dflng ho gia dinh. Do b a n chd' v l so' lieu, chudi thdi gian ngdn, k i t qua cd thd khdng h o a n toan chinh xac nhUng cung du ed sd de nghien cflu xu hfldng ddng gdp cua cac n h a n td' s a n xuat va ehi tieu vdc t a n g trudng kinh te' cua tinh. 2. Thfle t r a n g m o h i n h t a n g trfldfng k i n h te' t i n h Q u a n g N a m g i a i d o a n 1997-2013 2.1. Tong quan tdng trudng kinh te Tinh Q u a n g Nam dUdc t a i lap vao n a m 1997 vdi mdt h a t a n g k i n h te'-xa hdi ra't khd khan. Ty NLTS chiem gdn 48% cd eau tdng s a n p h a m , lao ddng lam viec t r o n g khu vUc chie'm hdn 78%; gia tri t a i s a n cd' dinh toan n g a n h cdng nghiep t r e n dia ban chi cd 148 ty ddng, vdi eac cd sd gia cdng nhd le . Trong giai doan 1997-2013, kinh t l Quang Nam da cd t a n g trfldng cao lien tue, binh quan tdng 10,68%/nam, cao hdn td'c dp tdng trfldng binh q u a n cua khu kinh te 58 t r o n g d i e m m i i n T r u n g va ca nfldc. So vdi n a m 1997, G R D P gia c l dinh 1994 toan t i n h n a m 2013 t a n g h d n 6,2 Idn; khu vii; CN-XD cd td'c dp t a n g cao nhd^t - hdn 15 Idn; k h u vflc DV t a n g gdn Ian. Ty NLTS t r o n g td'ng s a n p h d m da giam tfl 48% xuong cdn 17,2%, CN-XD da t a n g nhanh tiif 19,6% len 42,3%; DV cung t a n g tfl 32,7% l e n 40,5%. Gia tri G R D P b i n h quan ddu ngfldi theo gia thfle te' cung da t a n g dai^ ke: n a m 2013 la 30,7 tridu ddng, gap 14 Ian so vdi n a m 1997. 2.2. Ddnh gid mo hinh tdng trudng kinh tetinh Qudng Nam dudi gdc d6 sdn xudt Ke't qua udc Ifldng eho t h a y ty phdn thu n h a p cua vd'n cho ca giai doan 2001-2013 la r d t cao (a = 0,63), ty p h a n t h u n h a p cua lao dpng la ra't tha'p (p = 0,37). Ty Id ddng gop cua cac n h a n to s a n xua't vao t a n g trfldng dflde t r i n h bay t r e n b a n g va hinh 1. BANG : T y le d o n g g o p c u a ciic nhan to' s a n x u a t v a o t a n g t r f l d n g (%) %TFP %K %L 1997-2000 194,42 11,57 -105,99 2001-2005 147,93 6,45 -54,38 2006-2010 96,62 5,29 -1,91 2011-2013 67,06 5,76 27,18 Ngudn: Tinh todn cua tic gia. Trong suot thdi gian tfl n a m 1997 ddn 2010, vd'n da lan a t t a n g trfldng, ddng gdp eua lao ddng giam n h a n h va T F P khdng c6 tae dung. Tinh h i n h dUdc cai thidn t i t hdn t r o n g giai doan 2011-2013. Ddng gdp cua vd'n da giam cdn 67%, T F P t a n g len dat hdn 27% nhflng ddng gdp eua lao ddng khdn^ dflde cai thidn vd cd gia tri r a t thd'p, chi gdn 5,8%. So s a n h vdi ca nfldc, theo Bao cdo Ndng sud't Viet Nam 2010, ddng gdp cua vd'n tdng trfldng ca nfldc tfl 2001 din 2010 khdng giam va cd gia t r i b i n h qufin 1^ 55,65%, ddng gdp cua lao dpng cung on Nghiin ciiu Kinh iSsd43S - Thing 8/ZOU Binh gli thuc trang md hinh dinh d mfle 25,2%, ddng gdp cua TFP t r o n g ca giai doan d mfle 19,15%. HINH : D o n g g o p c u a c a c n h a n to' s a n x u a t v a o t a n g trflotag t i n h Q u a n g N a m -Gy -p.Gf Ngudn: Tmh toan cua tac gia. Von quye't dinh t a n g trfldng kinh td' cua tinh tdc dp ddu tfl tang eao. Xet ca giai doan 1997-2013, toe dp tang trfldng GRDP cua tinh binh quan la 10,6%/nam nhflng toe dp tang von san xudt vd'n ludn eao hdn nhieu va d mfle 20%/nam. Lfldng von cua n i n kinh t l (gia c l dinh 1994) nam 2013 len hdn hdn 34 nghin ty ding, gdn 18 lan so vdi nam 1997 va gdp 2,8 Idn GRDP. Giai doan 2011-2013 vd'n san xuat chi t a n g hdn 12%/nam nhflng tang trfldng vdn tri nen ddng gdp cua vln giam dan d i n 67%. Td'ng vd'n ddu tU todn xa hdi ed hinh t h d n h tdi san theo gia thUe td' tfl 1997 d i n 2013 la 92 nghin ty dong, tang binh quan mdi nam khoang 24%. Ty le vd'n ddu tfl tren GRDP giai doan 1997-2000 gdn 22%; giai doan 2001-2005 dat 35,6%; giai doan 2006-2010 dat eao nha't, gan 44%; giai doan 2011-2013 da giam dat 34,6%. Ty Id ddng gdp eua lao ddng vao tang trfldng rdt thdp va giam dan. Nguyen nhan cua hien tfldng ndy la ty phdn t h u nhdp ciia lao ddng thdp, td'c dp tang lao ddng va giai q u y l t vide lam hdng nam cdn cham. Td'c tdng lao ddng 1dm viec nen kinh t l binh quan hdng ndm Id 1,9%/nam, giai doan 2011-2013 chi tang 1,7%/nam. Td'c NghUn cuu Kinh tSsd435 - Thing 8/2014 tha'p hdn nhilu so vdi ca nfldc (2,7%/nam). Lao ddng lam viec khu vflc NLTS cdn qua eao vdi khoang 470 nghin ngfldi tUdng flng 54,8% tdng so' lao ddng. Mdt die'm ddng luu y la nang sud't lao ddng khu vflc ngodi nha nfldc rdt thap dfldi mfle binh quan ea tinh, day cung la khu vUc chiem sd Ifldng Idn lao ddng lam viec khu vflc NLTS va cae doanh nghidp vfla va nhd. Nang sudt lao dpng khu vfle NLTS nam 2013 chi dat 16,5 trieu ddng/ngfldi, khu vflc ngoai nhd nfldc dat 20,94 trieu/ngfldi, thdp hdn nhilu so vdi mfle binh quan cua tinh 52,3 trieu ddng/ngfldi. Ty ddng gdp cua nang sua't cac nhdn td' tong hdp vao tang tnidng kinh t l Quang Nam tha'p va cham cai thien thdi gian qua nhflng nguyen nhdn: (1) sfl lan at cua vd'n; (2) cd cau kinh te va ed ca'u lao ddng chuyen dich cham, so lao ddng lam viec khu vflc NLTS cdn eao; (3) ehdt Ifldng va nang suat lao ddng cdn thap; (4) nang lUc flng dung khoa hoc va cdng nghe vao san xuat, quan ly va doi mdi cdng nghe cua nen kinh t l cdn thd'p. Td'c doi mdi cdng nghe cdn chdm, cdng nghe hien dai chilm ty Id chfla eao. Phdn Idn eac doanh nghiep nhd vdn 59 Odnh gia thuc trang mo hinh . cdn sfl dung edng nghe, thiet hi cu hoac qua t a i che, t h i l t hi da chflc nang phfl hdp vdi qui md san xud't nhd; cdng nghidp c h i b i l n chu y l u Id sd chi, gia cdng ldp rap vdn la ehu ye'u. K i t qua nghien cflu cung cho tha'y, k h u vflc CN-XD va DV cd cha't Ifldng tdng trfldng tdt nhd't, ddng gdp cua von giam, ddng gdp cua T F P tang len (hdn 30%), ddng gdp cua lao dpng vdn chfla eao toe dp giai quyet viec lam cua cac khu vUc cdn chdm. 2.3. Ddnh gid mo hinh tdng trudng kinh te tinh Quang Nam dudi goc chi tieu Tieu diing cuoi cung vdn la t r u cot ddng gdp vdo tang trfldng. Ty Id ddng gdp eua tieu dung cud'i cflng trung binh GRDP d mfle 65,42%. Dang chu y la tieu dung cudi cung hd gia dinh trung binh ea giai doan chi c h i l m 52,64% GRDP, thd'p hdn ca nfldc (65% GDP). Trong k h i do, tidu diing cudl cung cua Chinh p h u chilm 12,8% GRDP, cao hdn n h i l u so vdi trung binh ca nudc chi khoang 7% GDP. Ve cd cdu ddu t u thi dau tfl cua Nha midc cd ddng gdp Idn va q u y l t dinh tang trfldng. Tong v l n ddu tfl cua Nha nfldc ca giai doan dat khoang 61 nghin ty ddng, chiem ty Id 68% td'ng dau tfl. Trong v l n ddu t u ngoai n h a nfldc cua doanh nghiep va d a n cu chi dat khoang 20 nghin ty ddng, chi chilm 22% td'ng ddu tfl. Ddu tfl nfl6c ngoai dat ra't tha'p, ehi hdn nghin ty ddng, chid'm khoang 10% tong dau tfl. Didm dang chfl y vdi md hinh tang triidng d Quang N a m la ngdn sach nhd nfldc trS t h d n h dpng Iflc t a n g chinh eua tang trfldng. BANG ; T y Id c h i c u a n g a n s a c h n h a nfldc s o v d i t o n g s a n p h a m (%) Tdng (%) Chiilaiitil(%) Chi thirtmg xuy^n, h6 trgr (%) 1997-2000 24,99 13,57 11,42 2001-2005 34,79 22,46 12,33 2006-2010 42,13 29,89 12,24 2011-2013 42,14 25,90 16.24 Ngudn. Tinh toan cua tac gia. Tdng chi ngan sach n h a nfldc tren dia b a n tang n h a n h ea mat gia tri va ty trpng. Nam 1997 la 796 ty ddng, chie'm hdn 27% GRDP, d i n nam 2013 da tang len 21.543 ty ddng, chilm tren 48% GRDP. Chi tieu chinh phu tang cao ca ve dau tfl h a t a n g kinh te, xa hdi; ehi thfldng xuyen cho bd may h a n h chinh, cac dich vu edng va ehi cac khoan dam bao xa hdi, cae ehUdng trinh mue tieu qud'c gia, cac chfldng trinh xda ddi giam ngheo khac Ve xud't khau, nhd san xua't cdng nghiep tang nhanh nen kim ngach xuat k h a u cung da tang nhanh, da dang san pham va thi trfldng. Td'c dp tang binh quan h a n g ndm la 27%/nam, ty trpng kim ngach xua't khau t r e n GRDP tang tfl 7%/nam 1997 len gdn 28% nam 2013. Tuy nhien, kim ngach xud't k h a u 60 binh q u a n dau ngfldi qua thd'p, ndm 2013 415USD/ngfldi, chi bdng VA binh quan ca nddc (1.657USD/ngfldi). Ddng gdp cua xudt khdu vao san Ifldng cdn thdp, mdi dat 28% GRDP, ty le xuat khau/GDP cua ca nfldc la 88,5%. Hang hda chu y l u la may mac, gia cdng va lap rap. San Ifldng hdng hda NLTS xudt k h a u cdn qua thd'p. Ndm 2013, tong kim ngach xua't k h a u NLTS ehi dat 7%, rieng thuy san dat 3,4% td'ng kim ngach xudt khau, gdn 1% GRDP. 2.4. Ddnh gid tdc dong cua mo hinh tdng trudng ddn xoa ddi gidm ngheo Ve gidm ngheo, nhiing nam qua Quang Nam ciing da thUc hidn ddng thdi nhilu chflih sach an sinh xa hdi, giam ngheo tfl ngan sach nhd nfldc va eac ngudn Iflc qudc t l khac. 1^ H Nghiin aiu Kinh tSs6435 • Thing8/201^ Binh gli thtfc trang mo hinh ho nghdo tren dd giam ddn theo tieu chi tflng giai doan: 1997-2000 giam moi ndm 1,8%; giai doan 2001-2005 giam moi nam 1,4%; giai doan 2006-2010 giam hdn 1,7%/nam; giai doan 20112013 giam mdi ndm khoang 2% hd nghdo. Tuy nhidn, dd dac dilm tfl nhien va ddn tdc, 80 dan song d m i i n nui Idn (khoang 300 nghin ngfldi), vdi huydn m i i n nfli, dd cd huyen nghdo ndn ty Id hp ngheo va can ngheo ciia Quang Nam cdn qua cao. Theo s i heu eua Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Nam, ty Id hd ngheo ndm 2013 la 58.269 hd, chilm 14,91% s i hd todn iinh va hdn 44.000 hd cdn ngheo, chilm 11,27%, cao hdn ca nfldc va khu trpng dilm kinh t l m i i n trung. Nhfl vdy, Quang Nam cdn gdn 250.000 ngfldi ngheo vd hdn 170.000 ngfldi song d mfle can ngheo. Ddy la mot thach thfle Idn eho Quang Nam tfldng iai. Nguydn nhdn chu y l u dUdc xae dinh la: (1) dilm xud't phat n i n kinh t l thdp, phfldng thfle san xua't cdn lac hau, trinh dp van hda va chuyen mdn ky thuat thdp, kha nang ndm thdng tin thi trfldng, iing dung tiln bd khoa hoc cdng nghd, thay dd'i gidng vat nudi, cay trdng cd nang sudt chat lUdng eao cdn nhilu h ^ chi; (2) ddi ngu can bd he thd'ng chinh tri cd sd cdn, mdt bd phan ngfldi dan cdn trdng chd y lai, chfla cd y thfle phat trien kinh t l de tfl vfldn len thoat ngheo; (3) khdng dam bao k l hoach, ngan sach eua dia phfldng thap ndn chfla dam bao nhu eau. 3. Ket l u a n v a h a m y c h i n h s a c h Md hinh tang trudng kinh t l tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013 da cd nhiing cdng v l quy md, td'c dp tang trudng va ndng cao mfle sd'ng ngfldi dan. Tuy nhien, md binh vdn hdnh chu y l u theo chilu rdng vd bde Ip nhiing h^n e h i sau day: (1) tang trfldng phu thude chu ye'u vao vd'n ddu tfl ma chu ye'u la ddu tfl ciia Nhd nfldc, ddng gdp cua vd'n da Idn at lao dpng vd ndng sud't cac nhdn td' td'ng hdp; (2) ndng sud't, chd't Ifldng lao ddng qua thdp, dd, thd't nghiep vd xua't cfl vdn cdn cao, ddng gdp cua lao ddng vao tang trudng khdng dang kl, day la mot diem y l u cua mdt Nfiilin aiu Kinh t4s6435 - Thing 8/2014 tmh cd ngudn lao ddng rdt ddi ddo; (3) ddng gdp cua nang sudt cae nhan t i t o n g hdp chdm dflde cai thidn, cdng nghe san xudi chu yeu Id gia cong, ldp rap; (4) tich luy ndi bd cua n i n kuih t l qua thdp, ddng luc tang trfldng v l gdc dp chi tidu chu y l u phu thude vao chi tieu va ddu tfl cua Chinh phu va ben ngoai; (5) he thong cd chi, chinh sach khuyin khich tang trfldng, nang Iflc canh tranh chfla cd bflde dot pha, nang Iflc canh tranh eua nen kinh t l va hang boa cdn ylu, cd gia tri gia tang th^p; (6) cac cbi sd phat trien ngUdi, mfle sing dan cfl, bao ve mdi trfldng suih thai cdn d mfle thap, cd nguy cd tut hau xa hdn vdi ca nfldc va khu vfle. Nguydn nhdn chu ylu cua nhiing ban c h i tren la: (1) md hinh tdng trfldng kinh t l cua dia phudng la mdt bd phan, chiu tac ddng va phu thude vao md hinh tang trfldng cua ea nude dang van hdnh theo chilu rpng; (2) xud't phdt diem eua n i n kinh t l qud thdp ndn budc phai cd tang trfldng nhanh, chu ylu chfl trpng quy md san xudt, giai quylt vide Idm, chfla chfl trpng eac ylu to' chieu sau; (3) dieu kidn tfl nhien va xa hdi cdn nhilu khd khdn cflng vdi dp Iflc canh tranh gifla cac dia phfldng khu vflc nen da ban e h i k i t qua thu but dau tfl, phat trien ngudn nhan lue; (4) v l chu quan, hd thd'ng chinh sdch, dieu hanh kinh t l dia phfldng chfla ed dot phd Idn; phdn bo ngudn Iflc dau tfl cdn dan trai . Vi vay, chuyen doi md hinh tang trfldng tfl chilu rdng sang chieu sdu la rdt cdn thie't. Trong qud trinh chuyen doi md hinh tang trfldng, Quang Nam ciing se phai tilp tuc phdn da'u de thoat khdi "vdng luan quan": thu nhdp tha'p, tich luy tha'p va ndng suat tha'p. Ndi lUe nen kinh te' cdn ye'u nen tid'p tue phai phu thude vdo dau tfl cua Cbinh phii va ben ngoai. Sflc ep phai giai quye't viec Idm moi nam gan 3% lao ddng tang len (tren 60 nghin) boi canh ap Ifle canh tranh ve thu hut ddu tfl cua cdc dia phfldng gay gdt hdn, dp Iflc phai tang trfldng nhanh diiu kien khan hiem ngudn Iflc de ddn dd'n nhflng quye't dinh cbinh sach ngdn ban lan at eac muc tieu dai ban . Tfl thfle trang cua n i n kinh te'. bdi canh 61 Oanh gid thtfc trang mo hinh , chuyen doi md hinh t a n g trfldng cua ca nfldc, Quang N a m khong t h e c h u y i n d i i md h i n h t a n g trfldng sang chilu sau, m a phai tiep tuc tri t a n g trudng theo chieu rdng thdi gian trfldc mdt va t r u n g b a n (3-5 nam). K i t hdp gifla chieu rpng va c h i l u sdu phai thfle hien "tflng bflde hdp ly" va cd t h e se d i l n chdm hdn vdi ca nfldc vd q u a n triet quan diem "vUa md rpng quy md vfla chfl trpng nang cao chat Ifldng, hidu qua, tinh ben viing". N ^ e n ciiu d l xudt mdt sd' k h u y i n nghi: (i) tinh cdn cd nghi quylt chuydn d l v l dinh hfldng phat tri^n kinh t l xa hdi va chuyen dii md hinh tdng trfldng kinh t l . Xay dflng quy hoach dinh hfldng phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi phfl hdp vdi boi canh quoc t l , ca nfldc va thfle t i l n cua dia phUdng. CJhuyen dii md hinh tang trfldng la qua trinh lau dai vd khd khan nen can phai thong nhat tfl duy, tdm nhin vd phfldng phap t i l p can md hinh tdng trfldng chilu sau, tranh tinh trang de cae muc tidu ngdn han l l n dt cac muc tieu dai ban, phdn tan vd ddn trai dau t u cdc ngudn Iflc. (ii) to chflc thfle hidn ed hidu qua cac cd chi, cbinh sach eua trung fldng ve chuyen doi md hinh tang trfldng, tdi cd cd'u n i n kinh te' dia phUdng phfl hdp vdi diiu kien thfle tien. (iii) trien khai xdy dflng de an hoac chfldng trinh tai cd cdu n i n kinh t l va chuyen ddi md hinh tang trfldng kinh te' cua tinh d cdp tong the d i n cae chUdng trinh, ke' hoach cho tiling khu vflc, nganh va linh vflc. Trong giai doan trfldc mat, nghien eflu d l xuat mdt so'giai phap sau: (1) Ndng cao hieu qud huy ddng vd suf dung vd'n ddu tu Cd giai phap dot pha viec cai thien mdi trfldng va xflc tie'n ddu tfl de thu hut cac ngudn vd'n ddu tu, trpng tdm la eac ngudn vdn ngodi nha nfldc, FDI vd cac ngudn vd'n vien trd phdt trien, cac ngudn lUc cac to chflc quoc te . Xac dinh dflde ngdnh, linh vfle, vflng cd tdng trfldng cao, dp lan tda Idn de ddu tfl. Vfla tap trung thu hflt mdt so' dfl an Idn ed tinh dot pha v l gia tri tong san pham, ddng thdi thu hut cdc 62 nganh cd t h e giai quylt vide lam, phat tri^n ndng thdn. Nang cao hieu qua phan h i , sit dung vcm ddu tfl eua Nhd nfldc. Ddu tfl cho quy hoach phdt trien, cd sd h a tdng giao thdng, h a tdng 1^ thudt, xa hoi t h i l t yeu tai cac thi, cdc khu, cum c d i ^ nghiep, bao d a m cac dieu kien de thu hflt cac i ^ u e n v l n trong, ngoai nfldc vd phat t r i l n ndng nghidp, ndng thdn. Phai kidn quyet khdc phuc tinh trang ddu tfl dan trai vd tdng cfldng cong tac k i l m tra, giam sat quy trinh ddu tfl tfl k h a u quy hoach, r a quylt dinh, thdm dinh, phdn bo va chat lUdng dau tfl. Xay dflng chinh sach va danh i^udn Iifc nhilu hdn de ho trd phat trien doanh nghidp viia va nhd. Nang cao hidu qua boat ddi^ cua hd t h d i ^ to' chflc trd giflp phat triln doanh nghiep. (2) Ndng cao chat lUOng ngudn nhdn lUc Dau t u md rdng san xudt, viia ehu trgng doanh nghiep cd quy md Idn, cdng nghe cao viia chfl cac doanh nghidp quy md vfla va nho d l giai quyet viec lam, ehuyen dich lao ddng tti NLTS sang khu vflc CN-XD va DV, cd nang sudt va thu nhdp cao hdn tao thi trfldng lao ddng canh t r a n h hdn. To chflc phdi hdp hieu qua gifla cac cd quan quan ly, xuc tien ddu tfl, doanh nghidp vd cac ddn vi dao tad de nang eao ehdt Ifldng dao tao va dao tao lao ddng phfl hdp vdi nhu cdu cua nen kinh t l . Da dang hda hinh thfle, long ghep cac chfldng trinh quoc gia va dia phfldng ndn^ cao ehdt Ifldng ddo tao nghi. U u tien tap trung eac nguon Ifle cho he thd'ng giao due thdng va day nghi. Hd trd dao tao, bdi dfldng eho dpi ngu quan tri hd thd'ng doanh nghidp vfla va nhd. Tiep tue dao tao, boi dudng nang cao trach nhiem va nghidp vu cua dpi ngu can bp, cdr^ chflc nha nfldc viec xdy dflng, triln khai, thfle thi chinh sdch, thuc ddy tdng trfldng kinh te' song song vdi day manh cai each hdnh ehinh va cai thien mdi trfldng ddu tfl. Phdn loai, xdy dflng ndi dung, chfldng trinh boi dfldi^ ki6i thfle v l kinh te' thi trfldng, v l hoi nhap kinh te qudc t l theo chflc nang, nhiem vu ciia ti!mg lo^i can bd: lanh dao chien Ifldc, tfl vdn, xdy di?ng Nghiin aiu Kinh (ds6435 • Thing 8/201* Binh gid thtfc trang md hinh , chinh sach, thtia hdnh d ca'p tinh, cdp huydn, nhdt Id cfCp cd sd . (3) Ndng au) gid tri ddng gdp cua ndng suc^ cdc nhdn td'tdng hOp Muon ndng cao ty phdn ddng gdp cua nang suit cac nhdn to t o r ^ hdp phai thfle hidn tong hdp cdc giai phap: nang cao nang Iflc t l chflc, quan tri; ttng dung cac t i l n bd khoa hpc va cdng nghe; ehdt lUdng lao dpng; chuyen dich ed cdu ddu tfl, cd cdu lao ddng sang cac khu vflc cd hieu qua cao hdn; md rpng phat t r i l n thi trfldng de nang san Ifldng . khoa hpc va edng nghd Id nhdn t l quan trpng ndng cao ehdt lUdng t a i ^ trudng va ehuyen tfl tang trfldng kinh t l theo chieu rpng sang chieu sau. V I gdc dp ehinh sach, cdn tap trung cac giai phap sau: Cdn xay dflng k l hoach, chfldng trinh khoa hpc va cdng nghd gdn vdi tdi cd cdu n i n kinh t l cho tijfng nganh, tiing linh vUe theo hfldng nang cao nang sudt va hieu qua; ddng thdi ndng cao nhdn thfle v l vai trd cua khoa hpc vd cdng nghe tdng trfldng. Cd chfldng trinh, bflde di cu the hdn va danh ngudn Iflc nhieu hdn cho vide nghien cflu, trien khai flng dung khoa hpc vd cdng nghd cac ngdnh, linh vd doanh nghidp; Tap trung xay dflng to chflc va dpi ngu quan IJ nha nfldc v l khoa hpc va edng nghd, cd kha ndng xdy dflng chinh sdch, to chflc trien khai vd ddnh gia k i t qua chinh sach; thid't Idp cd sd dfl Ueu vd to chflc td't hd thd'ng thdng tin, flng dung khoa hpc va edng nghe hd trd san xud't va doanh nghidp; Phdt huy Idi t h i ben canh cdc t n m g tdm nghien ciiu Idn b m i i n trung. Cd ehinh sdch huy ddng sfl ddng gdp cua dpi ngu chuyen gia, nha khoa hpc va ngoai nfldc de nghien cflu chie'n Iflde, dfl bao, ddo tao, bdi dfldng ngudn nhan Iflc sat vdi nhu cdu eua n i n kinh tl; tfl vd'n, phan bien, ddng gdp cho sfl phat triln cua tinh. (4) Ndng cao hieu qud chiAfng trinh gidm ngheo ben vUng Trfldc bet cdn thong nhd't nhdn thfle ve quan tJiem giam ngheo ben viing, thodt ngheo phai tfl lao dpng san xud't eua chinh ngfldi dan. Cac chfnh sdch ho tn? la tao diiu kien. phfldng NtihOn aiu Kinh t4sd435 - Thing 8/2014 phap va hidu qua san xudt. Giam nghdo phai di ddi vdi tdn trpng, bao tdn van hda dan tdc, mdi trfldng. Thfle bien tot cdng tae tuyen truyen, nang cao nhdn thfle, trach nhiem cua cpng ddng, cua he thdng chinh tri cae cap ve giam i ^ e o b i n viii^. Khde phuc tdm ly y lai cua ngfldi dan va cbinh quyen cd sd. Thong nhdt ve to chflc dieu phm ebimg cac chfldng trinh giam ngheo. Thfle hien Icng ghep gifla chfldng trinh giam ngheo vdi cac chfldng trinh kinh t l - xa hdi khac; cd trpng dilm, khdng nhat thilt phai binh quan ta't ca cac dia ban, tdt ca cae dm tUdng, tranh chdng cheo, ddn trai. Thfle hien hieu qua cdc ngudn lUe tfl chfldng trinh mue tieu quoc gia. Thay ddi quy trinh xdy diing, td chflc thfle hien chinh sach. Tang cfldng phan cdp, cdng khai ddng thdi vdi kiem tra, giam sat. Mud'n phan cdp hieu qua phai ddo tao dUdc ddi ngu can bd cd sd ed nang Iflc, vdi mdt quy trinh cii the, xuyen sud't, phu hdp vdi trinh dp cdn bd cd sd vd ngfldi ddn./. TAI LIEU THAM K H A O 1. Ban Dan tdc tinh Quang Nam (2013), Bdo cdo ket qud thuc hien cdc chuong irinh chinh sdch vung ddn tdc vd mien nui niia nhiem k)>, Tam Ky. 2. Cue Thdng ke Quang Nam (2012). Kinh te- xa hdi Qudng Nam 15 ndm (1997-2011). 3. Dang COng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Hdi nghi lan thii III Ban Chap hdnh trung uong khda XI, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha N6i. 4. Mankiw (1997), Kinh te vT md. Nxb. Thdng kfi , HN. 1997. 5. Le Thanh Nghiep (2006), Qud trinh phdt trien kinh teViet Nam, Nxb Khoa hpc va ky thuSt, Ha Ndi. 6. Tinh iiy Quang Nam (2013). Kit luan sd 110KUTU, Vi mot so nhiem vu, gidi phdp tiip tuc thuc hien nhiem vu dot phd theo Nghi quyet Dqi hdi Ddng bo tinh lan thi'fXX. 1. Trung tam Nang suat Viet Nam (2011), Bdo cdo Ndng sudt Viet Nam 2010, Ha NOi. 8. Nguydn Ke Tu3h (chu bi^n) (2011), Kmh te Viet Nam ndm 2010 - nhin tgi md hinh tdng trudng giai doan 2001 - 2010 Nxb Dai hpc Kinh l6qu6c dan 9. Uy ban nhan dan linh Quang Nam (2012). Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt trien cong nghiep giai doan 2006-2011. dinh Huang vd gidi phdp phdt triin cdng nghiep giai doan 2072-20/5. Tam Ky. 63 . trudng kinh te' cua tinh. 2. Thfle trang mo hinh tang trfldfng kinh te' tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013 2.1. Tong quan tdng trudng kinh te Tinh Quang Nam dUdc tai lap vao nam. 1997-2013, kinh tl Quang Nam da cd tang trfldng cao lien tue, binh quan tdng 10,68% /nam, cao hdn td'c dp tdng trfldng binh quan cua khu kinh te trong diem miin Trung va ca nfldc. So vdi nam. Danh gia thiic trgng mo hinh tang trudng kinh te tinh Quang Nam NGUYEN CHIN jXto hinh tdng trUdng kinh te tinh Quang Nam trong giai doan 1997-2013 dd co nhUng ***• thdnh