DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY ––––––––––––––– BUI NU HOANG ANH SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN YEN BAI PROVINCE DURING 2012 - 2020 Speciality: Agricultural Economics Code: 62 62 01 15 Ph.D THESIS SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE THAI NGUYEN, 2013 The study was done at: COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Scientific supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Chi Thien The peer review 1: The peer review 2: The peer review 3: The thesis is prevented to the Council held in Thai Nguyen University at the …, … ,2013 Desertation can be found at: - National Library - Learning Resource Center, Thai Nguyen University - Library of College of Economics & Business Administration LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED STUDY 1. Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Land - a resource, an asset to be protected and effective use", Journal of Science - Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Volume 60, Number 12/1 2009, tr. 114-118. 2. Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "The economic situation - Yen Bai province's social and solutions for sustainable growth", Journal of Development Economics, National Economics University, No. 162 of 2010, Tr. 100-108. 3. Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Economic efficiency of some agricultural land use types in Yen Bai province" Journal of Economics & Business Administration, Number 1, May 3/2011, p. 72-78. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Justification How to use agricultural land to ensure food security and sustainable development in the climate change along with the pressure of population growth, the process of industrialization and modernization is becoming a matter of urgent problems in developing countries. Vietnam so far is basically an agricultural country. Agriculture, rural, farmers in Vietnam have been and will be an important position in the economy of the country. From an agricultural economy focused heavily subsidized switch to market economy, our country is facing a series of economic, social and environmental problems. To achieve the goal of sustainable development, Vietnam needs to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use, thereby increase income for local people, improve landscaping, protect environment and ecology. Pressure of the urbanization process and population growth make our country farmland decline rapidly in both quantity and quality. People have been exploited without any reasonable measures to protect this precious resource. In this context, the effects of climate change and sea level rise scenario makes arable land in the coastal plain region increasingly narrow, the potential for soil research, learn some types of agricultural land use, assessing the appropriateness of the type of land use that as a basis to propose solutions appropriate land use, effective in mountainous areas is the problem and strategic and urgent local and national targets to ensure food security, sustainable development. Yen Bai is a mountainous province of northern Vietnam. Land of Yen Bai is very diversity, agricultural land accounts for nearly 80% of the total land area, but most of the area is steep. Despite the relatively large area but complex terrain, mostly hilly, educational level is not high, the exploitation of land resources in general and in particular agricultural land for production is limited. Production underdevelopment, economic efficiency is not high, while main source of income of the people here depend on agriculture. So people's lives in the province is difficult, strenuous. By 2012, income per 2 capita of only 16.6 million, only 53.9% of the average income of the country. Want to improve the living standards of the people, need to implement multiple synchronization solutions, which improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use. To ensure food security, poverty reduction and sustainable development in such a sloping mountainous province of Yen Bai, there is a need for research on agricultural land. From that fact, to assess the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and to propose solutions to improve the efficiency of this land type, "Solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province during 2012 - 2020" has been chosen to study. 2. Objectives - To systematise theoretical and factual basis of improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use; - To analyse the economic efficiency of different agricultural land use types; - To analyse the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai; - To propose some solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province. 3. Study Object and scope 3.1. Object The economic efficiency of different agricultural land use types and related issues. 3.2. Scope 3.2.1. Spatial limitation Study site: Yen Bai province. Field survey were conducted in 3 districts characterized by three regions: The low region: Yen Binh district; The middle region: Van Chan district; 3 The upland region: Mu Cang Chai district. 3.2.2. Time range - Secondary data: collected during the period 2000 - 2011; - Primary data: Surveys were conducted in the period 2008 - 2011; - The solution was studied and proposed up to 2020. 3.2.3. Limits on Content - Evaluating the economic efficiency of some major agricultural land use types; - Basic solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land. 4. Study questions 1. How is the economic efficiency in agricultural land use in Yen Bai province? 2. What factors affect the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai? 3. What solution should be implemented to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai in the future? 5. The new scientific findings 1. A perspective on adherence efficiency of agricultural land use with food security issues and sustainable development in the context of climate change has been further confirmed. New perspective on the role of agriculture in the uplands in ensuring food security, land degradation, water maintenance, climate regulation and mitigation has been strengthened. 2. A concept of "economic efficiency in the agricultural land use" was formulated and used to cater for this study. 4 3. The dissertation is the first study on economic efficiency in the agricultural land use in mountainous Yen Bai Province have a combination of traditional research methods with modern research methods, qualitative with the quantitative approach. 4. The cause of agricultural land use situation has been argued, a fixed-effects model (FEM) has been built to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and system of the comprehensive solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in a mountainous province in the context of agriculture is facing many challenges have been proposed. Chapter 1 SCIENTIFIC BASIS In this chapter, the thesis codified and clarified the theoretical issues of agricultural land (concept, agricultural land classification, role and economic characteristics of agricultural land, and the point of use type of agricultural land use), the effectiveness, economic efficiency and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land to the concept, content, nature, methods of identification, the influencing factors and evaluation criteria of economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land. In practical basis, the authors present the results of research on effective use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam. In Vietnam, the authors analyze and clarify the status of land use efficiency is not high agriculture through specific aspects such as agricultural land, loss of agricultural land, the status efficiency agricultural land before the great challenges of food security, the impact of land policy on the efficiency of agricultural land use. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Situation assessment studies and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam has also been mentioned, and 5 lessons has been summarized. Comments drawn from theoretical studies and practical economic effects of agricultural land use: - Land resources in general, in particular agricultural land is limited and the situation has been shrinking in size, has been declining in quality due to the effects of both natural and human. The pressures of population growth, increased demand for agricultural products along with the process of urbanization, industrialization and the land is very large. To ensure food security, food and sustainable development to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land. - The method to study the effect of agricultural land use is diverse, can apply different approaches in the different study areas. - To propose solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, the study pointed out many factors that affect the effective use of resources, including subjective factors and objective, both natural and social factors that impact both positive and negative. - Economic efficiency in agricultural land use in each country is different, but the search for solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of this resource is essential for all countries, especially that developing countries such as Vietnam. Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1. Study site choosing: 3 areas (lowland and upland areas between) with 3 representatives represent districts based on altitude above sea level (Yen Binh, Van Chan, Mu Cang Chai) have been chosen. Each district selected three society, in every society selected 3 villages/hamlets in each village/hamlet 12 households selected for the survey. After synthesis and processing of data, 270 households to ensure information reliability is used in the study. 3.2. Information collection: The secondary data for this study were collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural Extension Center, GSO, seminars and abroad, the research was published. 6 The primary information collected through household interviews surveys, focus group discussions, consultations of experts. The primary information to be investigated in 4 years (2008-2011). 3.3. Methods of information synthesizing and analysis: The information collected is synthesized by the method of distribution, statistical tables and graphs. After synthesis, the information is analyzed by a combination of traditional research methods with modern methods, qualitative methods with quantitative. That's the method: the sequence of time; extended intervals; SWOT analysis; method "problem tree"; analysis of project cash flow and forecasting methods. Categories and methods of data analysis mixture (data table) is used to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in the province of Yen Bai. 3.4. Participatory approach: This approach to PRA tools were used during the study. We made 6 groups with 60 participants respectively in the selected communes to collect survey information on the status of agricultural land use and the preferred solution to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use mainly. 3.5. The system of research targets and criterias: research indicator system consists of 4 groups: Group targets reflect on the process of agricultural production; indicators reflect the economic results of agricultural land use; Group only This reflects the economic efficiency of agricultural land use; indicators reflect the financial performance of perennial LUT (production cycle). Chapter 4 FINDINGS 4.1. Overview of Yen Bai province 4.1.1. Natural Conditions Mountainous province of Yen Bai is located inland, is one of 13 provinces in the northern mountainous region with steep terrain and most complex divided our country. Average slope 25-300, where the slope is more than 450. The climate is sub-tropical monsoon climate zone 5, the 7 average temperature is 22 - 230C, rainfall 1500-2200 mm / year average humidity 83-87%, facilitating the development of agriculture - forestry. 4.1.2. Social-Economic characteristics There have been 9 administrative units with a total of 180 communes, wards and townships including 70 upland and 62 communes with special difficulties are invested in programs of economic development - social state, have 2 highland district Tram Tau Mu Cang Chai (H'mong minority accounts for over 80%) in 61 poor districts, particularly the country's difficulties. Provincial population in 2010 was people, over 50% are ethnic minorities. Outdated infrastructure, especially infrastructure for production and rural infrastructure. Agricultural production is underdeveloped economic structure slowly shifting. Quality of life is low, large wealth disparity between the low and high areas. Province's biggest advantage is the sparse population density, land mass, abundant flora and fauna, capable of sustainable agricultural development. The major difficulty is the province's complex terrain, poor transportation, low literacy levels, extreme weather, natural disasters occur often seriously affected agricultural production and reduce economic efficiency health in agricultural land use. 4.2. Status of agricultural land use 4.2.1. Overview of agricultural land in Yen Bai province: In 2010, the total land area of the province is 689,949.05 hectares, of which agricultural land accounts for 79.59%. Compared with 2006, agricultural land increased by 26479.59 ha, structural increase 3.71%, but private land 1665.48 hectares agricultural production declined during this period. 4.2.2. Characteristics of agricultural land in the province: Agricultural land in three study areas with steep slopes, steep slopes under 15 0 (grade I and grade II) is favorable for agricultural production accounts for the low rate (3% - 20%), slope above 15 0 is not favorable for agricultural production accounts for a high rate (30% - 48%). Agricultural land of the study area fluctuated with time and fluctuations of the agricultural soils in different regions are not the same. [...]... Yearbook Stat and Yen Bai provinces, we see economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the province of Yen Bai is not high Both animal performance, crop, prices of most agricultural products and income of the farmers of the 17 province of Yen Bai are lower than average in the country and the world To improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, need to specify the factors that affect... in the use of agricultural land in 3 regions of the Yen Bai is not high? Economic efficiency in agricultural land use will lead to lower what consequences? The results shown on the "problem tree" is one of the important bases to propose measures to improve economic efficiency for each region in the province 4.5 SOLUTION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL LAND USE 4.5.1 Grounds of the solutions: ... coefficients in the model are positive, it means that all six factors are studied in the same direction to the economic effects of agricultural land use In other words, if any improvements are factors that increase mixed income per unit area of agricultural land Regarding the impact of these factors, the analysis of the whole 3 in Yen Bai and research shows that economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land. .. conditions of farmers and markets All these factors have affected the same way with more income per hectare of agricultural land The results show that models the impact of these factors is not the same, but if one of these factors improve, or all of these factors are going to improve significantly increase farm income households, increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai 5 The. .. crop yields The conflict between the demands of life and the ecological environment deepened Economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the province is not high Both animal performance, crop, prices of most agricultural products, the coefficient of land use as well as the income of the farmers of the province of Yen Bai are lower than average in the country and the world 3 By combining traditional... products The difference in the rotation formula of the type of land use has exposed its own strength as well as the suitability of each type of livestock, crops in each region 4.2.5 Economic efficiency of some agricultural land use types 4.2.5.1 At the low: As a result, the economic efficiency of some types of agricultural land use in the region is shown in the table below 4:28 The data in the table indicate... the cultivation and shifting cultivation, nomadic 5 Further analysis of the detailed study of economic efficiency of each major crop (technical efficiency, allocative efficiency) to provide more detailed information to producers on agricultural land, contributing to increase economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, increase the income of farmers in Yen Bai province ... evaluating, comparing the effectiveness of each LUT in each study area and comparing the LUT in 3 different research areas Results are presented in the previous section In the mixed model the data, with the goal of identifying the factors that influence and indicate the degree of influence of such factors to the economic effects of agricultural land use To achieve that goal, we have selected the dependent... research on factors that affect the economic efficiency of agricultural land use There are many indicators reflecting the economic effects of agricultural land use, such as: value ratio of the cost of production (GO / IC), rate of value added in the cost (VA / IC ), mixed-income ratio in costs (MI / IC), the value of production rate on labor (GO / LD), NPV, The targets we have been using for the traditional... - In the middle: After 10 years, the structure of plant area has been a big change In 2010, the largest area of tea, then the rice, then the corn Tea is plant growth in the area of fastest growth rate of productivity of the forest trees have the fastest growth rate in 10 years time, then to aquaculture and to 10 corn In fact, it shows the type of use of agricultural land has been under intensive investment . - To analyse the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai; - To propose some solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen. solutions to improve the efficiency of this land type, " ;Solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province during 2012 - 2020& quot; has been chosen to study income of the farmers of the 17 province of Yen Bai are lower than average in the country and the world. To improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, need to specify the