skkn Phương pháp giải bài tập di truyền học quần thể

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skkn Phương pháp giải bài tập di truyền học quần thể

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 E,< 2 2  ‚ E ‚ E z 2  i‚ E mvs312 0P0:'FG !%& ' 9*=Fn,"i‚ E mvs32 r4*%J@Q E-8Q '"i‚ E mvs32v2s€ J@Q b8Q '" 2 i‚ E ‚ E mvs32 2 vs3skvk€ \4567869:;<=;>?LJ3@:; \(EGH;9>aP<Z<9:;R?6EJbc;6>:dN?LJXe;96E8?+ ‚…%/Z(0%#*A  '<--$#d !FD0,<8EE@Y  u3  3  s >?0%B /7%FG !p !@9 :3"3'0"#B %'C,U 8S !(0%#*A %'&,5#%T,(0%#*A "#B %'C@9 ‡:i u mz"i  mzi s mˆv1 t B /7 '<--$#u: 2 i u  u mz2:i u  s m t B /7 '<--$#" 2 i    mz2"i     s m t B /7 '<--$#u2:"i u3  3 m t B /7 '<--$#‰ 2 i s  s m † '<--$#‰%E%&-E%5 /7E@Y    s 3%†%5 /7 '<--$#u>9%B /7E@Y  s %E%&-EE@Y  u >9%FG !%Z%E%&-EE@Y    • + !-6%"#B %'C !FD0,U 8S !(0%#*A 3 !FD0%E;'P/$%%'5*1€ !FD0,< '<--$#‰32|€ !FD0,< '<--$#uJ@Q !FD0,< '<- -$#u>9,cE"#B %'C=<@98E '0[#•0K% '<--$#u,E'G  '<- -$# • GQ;9RS;%E,<  s v 1€ s31= 2:" u   vs32| i u z    z   s mv1   u vs3•3    vs32    '<--$#uv: 2 i u  u mz2:i u  s mvis3•m 2 z2s3•s31vs3}j  '<--$#v" 2 i    mz2"i     s mvis32m 2 z2s32s31vs3s| \*6EGH;9>aP<Z<9:;R?6EJbc;6>:d6>_6f6E8?@g;N>Z<;>3J+ ‚…%@,#/u,<8EE@Y E 1 3E 23  E j  %'Y%'p%Z%60@N '9 %9 E 1 „E 23 „E j >?0%B /7%FG !p !@9:3"35#%T,(0%#*C ,cE"#B %'C;'0,U 8S !@9 : 2 iE 1 E 1 m  z2:"iE 1 E 2 mz2:iE 1 E j m  z" 2 iE 2 E 2 mz2"iE 2 E j mz 2 iE j E j mv1 B /7;0C#'& '1: 2 iE 1 E 1 m  z2:"iE 1 E 2 mz2:iE 1 E j m   B /7;0C#'& '2" 2 iE 2 E 2 mz2"iE 2 E j m B /7;0C#'& 'j 2 iE j E j m †%B /7;0C#'& 'j%E%&-E%B /7E@Y E j 3%†%B /7;0C#'& '2>9%B /7 E@Y E j %&-E%5 /7E@Y E 2 E#=<@5*1%†=0%5 /7E@Y E 2 >9E j E%B /7E@Y E 1  rFG !'`0- O-'+,2s1jt2s1k k  <4566EGH;9>aP<=<>h;@h<6f;>?F; <(iJK;6>L;8?P>V? 70>?0"#B %'A 60:'70,<,'+ @+,=C@)08f-6%;0C#!Y  9=<3%'&%E :'P0g$,=` '@)0,5#%T,(0%#*A "#B %'C/E#;'0,<,'+ @+, • x6%"#B %'C%'Z,>4%%Z%'Š:'5 ,<%J@Q;0C#!Y d%'K'Q@9s3kyuu s3jsuEs32yEE'80K%% !"#$%& ','+ @+, !FD0%E=‹=9%'P0,$,,$ %'C,<;0C#'& '@N R '%'Y@R%'#*K%3%B /7E@Y u>9EdŒ 1 @9• • GQ;9RS;,5#%T,(0%#*C "#B %'C/E#,'+ @+,iEE8`@)08fm s3ky s3ky s3js  + z s3js s3ky s3js  + v1'E*3}uuzs3kuEv1 iumvs3}zs3k{2vs3|~"iEmvs3k{2vs32 <*iJK;6>L;9SJP>V? t#B %'C,'FE,U 8S !=C%&-=Fn,%B /7E@Y %E:'P0g$,=` '@)0,5# %T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'C3/E#=<%R '%B /7E@Y %'Y,. !%'p,i() !3-Š,E12 %E !2m t#B %'C=‹,U 8S ! K#;0C#!Y =_ !'n:@N !U*,'K%%'&%B /7E@Y @N /E#-6%%'K'Q %R '8S !"iEmv 1  + E,<%'C,'p !-0 '  •5#%T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'Cd%'K'Q : 2 uuz2:"uEz" 2 EEv1i=0K#;0Q : 2 " 2 v 2 2 2     ÷   •E#;'0,'+ @+,%E,<,5#%T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'C 'F/E#  2 2 2        ÷ +   z 2 2 2        ÷ +   v1 #*E"iEmv 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 i 2 m 1               = = =  ÷ + + + +   K#;0C#!Y =_ !'n:@N !U*,'K%%'&%B /7E@Y @N /E# %'K'Q%R ' 8S !"iEmv 1  + • +x6%"#B %'C%'Z,>4%,<,5#%T,(0%#*A d%'K'Q 'F/E#s3}kuu zs3j2uEzs3skEEv1% !"#$%& ','+ @+, !FD0%E=‹=9%'P0 'b ! ,$%'C,<;0C#'& '@N &-%B /7E@Y u3E/E#j%'K'Q !a#:'70 • GQ;9RS;$:(Š !,. !%'p, "iEmv 1  + v s32 s312y 1 js32 = + /#*E:iumv1ts312yvs3|•y (R '%B /7E@Y % !%FD !'n:gP*E=6%80K 3gP*E '4:,F.0;'. !%'C $:(Š !=Fn, [ ;'. !%'C'0Q % !=A%90 9* rFG !'`0- O-'+,2s1jt2s1k y  *+4'jk`i- 3IJK;6>L;8?P>V?AIJK;6>L6f6>lmOIJK;6>L9?3dP>V?9K;C E1iJK;6>L<=<WJ6En<R?6EJbc;RY;93o(+"#E @B %Z%'Š@0[ %0K:%'&,5# %T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'C@9 uEv 1 2     ÷   uuv 1 1 2 2    −  ÷   uEv 1 1 2 2    −  ÷   • x6%"#B %'C%'Z,>4%d%'K'Q,<1ss€,$%'C,<;0C#!Y uE&-,5# %T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'Cd%'K'Q%'pj;'0,'"#B %'C%Z%'Š:'5 • • GQ;9RS;uE,^ 8S ! j 1 1 2 |   =  ÷   'F>4*%'Z,!0P-,cEuEv 1 • 1 | | − = -9%'Z,!0P-@)08S !%'Z,%O ! \5*%'Z,%O !,'0E,'2E%O !=A#uu>9EE[ %E,< 1 1 • | 2 1}   − = = =  r4*,5#%T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'Cd%'K'Q%'pj@9 • 1 • 1 1} | 1}   + + = a2. 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6EJbc; b2WJ6En<R?6EJbc;<q3IJK;6>L<=<>h;@h< b21.iJK;6>L<>G3<[;\D;9E:'P0g$,=` '@)0,5#%T,(0%#*A ,cE "#B %'C3/E#=<%Eg$,=` '%B /7E@Y %60>9@N _0,' !a#:'70=C=FE>A%) ! %'$0,U 8S ! • TRl+x6%"#B %'C,U*%_ !,<%'9 ':'B ;0C#!Y @9s3j}uuzs3ykuEz s31EEv1 !"#$%& ','+ @+, !FD0%E=‹=9%'P0 'b !,$%'C,<;0C# !Y @N #E !a#:'70%'9 ':'B ;0C#!Y ,cE"#B %'Cd%'K'Q/E#@9• • GQ;9RS;+FE"#B %'C>A() !/E#,'+ @+,  uuz uEv1'E*s3kuuzs3}uEv1 iumvs3kzs3}{2vs3• iEmv1ts3•vs3j r4*,5#%T,,cE"#B %'CdŒ1@9  2 uuvis3•m 2 vs3kl rFG !'`0- O-'+,2s1jt2s1k |  2:"uEv2s3•sjvs3k2 " 2 EEvis3jm 2 E*s3kluuzs3k2uEzs3slEEv1>98U*!0D"#B %'C=‹,U 8S !%E%&-,5# %T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'Cd%'K'Q %'Y'F? !(a /E#=U*i822m b22:iJK;6>LX|<[;\D;9R?6EJbc;&-,5#%T,(0%#*A ,cE"#B %'Cd %'K'Q%'p 3%E%&-%B /7E@Y i%'Y() !3L,2m/E#=<,' !a#:'70%p,@9%#U %'Y,. !%'p,: 2 uuz2:"uEz" 2 EEv1 • TRl+x6%@90/0 '>4%,<,5#%T,(0%#*A d%'K'Q@9s3kluuzs3k2uE zs3slEEv10K%;0C#!Y EE;'. !/0 '/P 3%&-,5#%T,(0%#*A ,5#%T,(0 %#*A ,cE"#B %'C !a#:'70d%'K'QŒ2 "iEmv sj s31|•y 1 2 13}   = = + :iumv1ts31|•yvs3|12y 5# %T,(0%#*A "#B %'CdŒ2@9is3|12ym 2 uuz2s3|12ys31|•yuEz is31|•ym 2 EEv1E*s3}}uuzs3juEzs3skEEv1 b3.WJ6En<R?6EJbc;IJK;6>L6EGH;9>aP<=*@d<JUX8<@wPC%&- =Fn,%'9 ':'B ;0C#!Y ,cE"#B %'C%E%0K '9 '>?0%† !@,#/0[ !@‘3/E#=< 'U %'9 ':'B ;0C#!Y ,cE'E0@,#/@)0>?0 'E# • TRl+ !-6%"#B %'C!0E:'70%Z(3g…%-6%!Y ,<'E0E@Y u>9E,< %B /7%FG !p !@9s3•>9s3j S-%[ ,N: '0]-/h,%'C%FG !=_ !/71~x6% !Y ;'$,,<'E0E@Y >98,<%B /7%FG !p !@9s3|>9s32% !%FD !'n:-o0 !Y "#*=` '-6%%& '%) !3%& '%) !%60@9%60'9 %9 J@Q,$%'C-E !;0C# '& '%60>A,P'E0%R '%) !=Fn,(Z=$ g#5%'0Q % !"#B %'C/M@9 u•y€ |132y€ y131•€ |•3j}€ • GQ;9RS;+B /7;0C#'& 'iuttmviutmitmvi1’EEmi1t88mv s3l1s3l}vs3|•j} M+%!'4i- t ‚$,=` '%J@Q%60%'. !"#E%J@Q@N v1ss€t€@N t ‚$,/#5%;0C#!Y (`'n:% !/7,$%'C,<%60v2:"{i: 2 z2:"m • TRl+d !FD01!Y %[  '0]-/h,%'C%'FD !,<2E@Y u@Y u"#*=` ' %'#4 %E*%$0x6%"#B %'C !FD0=E !d%) !%'$0,U 8S !(0%#*A ,<}k€/7 !FD0%'#4 %E*:'P0x6% !FD0:'Š b%'#4 %E*%$0;K%'. >?01 !FD0=9 . ! %'#4 %E*:'P0%'#6,"#B %'C 9*‚$,/#5%=C !FD0, =B#@^ !%'#4 %E*:'P0 @9 uj•3y€ ys€ kj3•€ }23y€ • GQ;9RS;+ }Ag$,/#5% !FD0%'#4 %E*%$0mzig$,/#5% !FD0,6 !%E*:'P0mv1 t7 !FD0%'#4 %E*%$0v1ss€t}k€vj}€ t+0"iEm@9%B /7E@Y %'#4 %E*%$0 rFG !'`0- O-'+,2s1jt2s1k l  tiEm@9%B /7E@Y %'#4 %E*:'P0 E,<"iEmv j}€ 3}= 3:iumv1ts3}vs3k!FD0:'Š b%'#4 %E*%$0,<;0C#!Y EE;K%'. >?0 !FD0=9 . !%'#4 %E*:'P0,<;0C#!Y uu'N,uEC/0 ', %'#4 %E*%$0%'& !FD0,'_ !:'P0,<;0C#!Y uE ‚$,  g#5%  !N:  !FD0  ,'_ !  %'#4  %E*  :'P0  ,<  ;0C#  !Y  uE  @9   2 2 2s3ks} s3k| 2 s3}k s3}k    = = + †:'…:@E0iuEgEEmt„Œ1“uuz“EEv„‚$,/#5%/0 ' !FD0, %'#4 %E*%$0@9“ r4*g$,/#5%/0 ',E %'#4 %E*%$0%†,N:>n,'_ !%[ @9 s3k| 1  s3j•y s3}k 2 =  ‚$,/#5%/0 ', %'#4 %E*:'P0v1ts3j•yvs3}2yv}23y€=$:$  .~i• (.s6IJy+'0$:(Š !=A%90 9*%.0 '4 %'5* t+,/0 ''p !%'T'+,'G 3%Z%0 'G 8d0,$,Y-=‹%Z!0P0=Fn,-6%/7890%4: t$,Y-,'`#;'<!0P0=A%'0'G %'. !"#E>0Q,,$,Y-%R,',Z,'f0890 t /7;'P/$%d'E0@?:,G8P @?:12uy O-'+,2s12t2s1j>9@?:12u• O-'+,2s1jt2s1k.0,'+ 'E0@?: 9*8d0>& O-'+,2s12t2s1j%.0()*-6%@?: U !,E12u1>9-6%@?:,G8P 12uy3%& '=6'+,/0 '"#$,'[ '@Q,'3 [  ;'. !%'C:'P $ ','R 'g$,'R '>&>4*%.0,'+ @?:12u• O-'+,2s1jt2s1k =‹$:(Š !=A%90/>?0;K%"#P,cE@?:12uy O-'+,2s12t2s1j,'FE$:(Š !=A %90 •60(# !890%4:x6%"#B %'C,<,5#%T,(0%#*A s3kuEs3}EEK#80K% E@Y u@9%60;'. !'9 %9 />?0E@Y E%'&%J@Q,$%'C-E !;0C#'& '%60,cE "#B %'C <0%[ ;'0=)%%) !%'$0,U 8S !@9 uks€j}€k€1}€ •K%"#Pt@?:12uy,<•{jsY-%Z@9-=Fn, t@?:12u•,<2s{jkY-%Z@9-=Fn, 2.?;>;9>?t7+ }B =` ''F? !,''+,%^!0$%`%0%'p,,cE,'FG !0%#*A '+,"#B %'[ ”3%'0K%%'Z, '5%@9=FE 'b !890%$ ,Š%'C% !,$,=A%'0 tr?0-o0() !(a (h%'+,/0 '%†890(]3%†890'f0>9%P@D0%Z,%0K:=K ,$,890 ;'<3890'f0!0$ %0K: }r?0%† !() !890%4:,B ,''+,/0 '@#*Q %4: '0A#@B  t'0;K%%'T,-o0() !'N,-o0890%$ ,B ,< 'b ! '4 g…%3=$ '!0$>A/Z,7 !h !,cE'+,/0 ' .~% A%90 9*-E !@)0!0$%`5%%'0K%%'Z,,''+,/0 '3'+,/0 ',<%'C%Z'+, =C'0C#/U#'G 36 !'G 3 U !,E;0K %'p,(0%#*A '+,"#B %'C r?085%;• '+, 93 60(# ! 9'+,/0 ',W !,B :'P0:'U () !890 %4:%'&;0K %'p,-?0@!0, rFG !'`0- O-'+,2s1jt2s1k 1s [...]... gen di truyền theo thứ tự trội lặn khác nhau: 4 c xét trường hợp có chọn lọc tự nhiên 5 c1.Quần thể nội phối 5 c2.Quần thể giao phối DẠNG 2: XÁC ĐỊNH CẤU TRÚC DI TRUYỀN QUẦN THỂ a Quần thể nội phối ( quần thể tự thụ và quần thể giao phối gần) 6 a 1 Quần thể có cấu trúc di truyền dạng Aa = 1: 6 a2 Quần thể cấu trúc có dạng tổng quát: xAA + yAx + Zaa =1 6 a 3.Tìm cấu trúc di. .. 3.Tìm cấu trúc di truyền quần thể tự thụ trong trường hợp có xảy ra quá trình chọn lọc qua nhiều thế hệ 7 11 GV: Dương Thị Kim Năm học: 2013-2014 ĐỀ TÀI SKKN: PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI BÀI TẬP DI TRUYỀN HỌC QUẦN THỂ b Quần thể ngẫu phối b1 Quần thể có cấu trúc di truyền xAA +yAa +Zaa=1 b 2 Cấu trúc di truyền của quần thể có chọn lọc b3 Cấu trúc di truyền quần thể trường hợp có...ĐỀ TÀI SKKN: PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI BÀI TẬP DI TRUYỀN HỌC QUẦN THỂ Học sinh có ý thức bảo vệ sự đa dạng vốn gen của quần thể sinh vật, tránh trường hợp số lượng cá thể trong quần thể xuống quá mức tối thiểu, dẫn tới giao phối gần làm tăng kiểu gen đồng hợp, quần thể dễ rơi vào trạng thái di t vong GV thực hiện Dương Thị Kim MỤC LỤC ………………… ……………………... luận III.Các biện pháp thực hiện 1 Phương pháp thực hiện 2 Nội dung thực hiện 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 DẠNG 1: TÌM THÀNH PHẦN KIỂU GEN VÀ TÍNH TẦN SỐ TƯƠNG ĐỐI CỦA CÁC ALEN a Xét một gen có hai alen ( A, a)……………………………… 2 a 1 Gen nằm trên NST thường……………………………… 2 a 2.Gen nằm trên nhiễm sác thể X không có alen tương ứng trên Y 3 b Xét một gen có nhiểu alen 4 b1 Trường hợp các gen di truyền theo kiểu... trúc di truyền xAA +yAa +Zaa=1 b 2 Cấu trúc di truyền của quần thể có chọn lọc b3 Cấu trúc di truyền quần thể trường hợp có hai locus độc lập DẠNG 3: BÀI TẬP VỀ XÁC SUẤT QUẦN THỂ IV Kết quả C KẾT LUẬN 7 7 8 9 9 10 12 GV: Dương Thị Kim Năm học: 2013-2014

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