HO CHI MINH NATIONAL POLITICAL ACADEMY NGUYEN KIM PHUONG THE STATE WITH PROMOTION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY Major: Dialectical materialism & Historical materialism Code: 62 22 80 05 SUMMARY PHD THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY Scientific instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Thanh HA NOI - 2014 The work was completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisor: A.Prof.Dr. Tran Thanh Reviewer 1:…………………………………………………………………………. Reviewer 2:…………………………………………………………………………. Reviewer 3:…………………………………………………………………………. The PhD thesis will be defensed in front of a jury and marked by at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At…: On 2014 The PhD thesis is available in National Library and the Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics 1 FOREWORD 1. Necessity of the subject Stepping into the 21 st century, the world has had rapid, profound and complex changes with great opportunities and challenges towards each country, especially poor and underdeveloped countries. Although the world may have many complicated changes with intermingled cooperation and struggle, the trend of peace, stability and cooperation for continuous development is the main trend in the world governing international relationships as well as development strategy of each country. International integration to expand international cooperative activity in all fields of life has been being the prominent trend of the age. Any nation wanting to build its country and develop its socio-economy must essentially participate in that trend. In that context, Vietnam must integrate internationally and take advantage of every opportunity to develop. To actively integrate into the world, assure rapid and sustainable development, Vietnam must actively and positively promote and use all resources efficiently including both internal and external forces to develop the socio- economy, help the country to advance firmly on the way of socialism. Promoting internal forces and external forces helps us expand international exchange and cooperation, acquiring human civilized achievements, promoting all comparative advantages of the nation, shortening the process of industrialization and modernization to develop. Promoting internal forces and external forces becomes the essential requirement and urgent demand for Vietnam in the trend of integration for development of the country currently. Instrument of the 11 th National Delegate Congress of the Party specified: “Promoting internal forces and national strength is the decisive factor and taking advantage of external forces and strength of the age is the important factor for rapid and sustainable development and construction of an independent and self-control economy”. Under leadership of the Party, in recent years, the State has been continuously perfecting policies, laws, creating favourable environment to promote internal forces, preserve political - social stability, national security, develop the economy, and also actively attract many external forces and exploit and use resources more effectively in development taking the country step by step integrate deeply and widely into the world. That achievement shows the great role of the state towards promoting internal forces and external forces for socio- economic development in our country. However, in managing and operating to promote internal and external forces, roles of the State sometimes are not expressed properly and sufficiently due to diversified and complicated governance of international integration, especially limitations of the State itself such as: unwieldy apparatus, slow adaptation to variations of the world; macro-regulatory and managerial qualification of the State not meeting the requirements of promoting internal and external forces; incomprehensive system of laws and policies; slow innovation in activity of 2 officials; confusion and lack of activeness in organizing and implementing to promote internal forces and external forces, etc. Those limitations of the State place the promotion of internal and external forces in front of many difficulties and challenges without expected efficiency. Particularly: The promotion of internal forces is still under the development ability of the country. The attraction of external forces is more positive but not really active. The exploitation and use of both internal and external forces for socio-economic development of the country is not reasonable and corresponding to potentials and does not promote completely its roles in fostering active international integration in our country. Besides, the promotion of internal and external forces has not really brought about sustainable development for the country. Vietnam economy develops dynamically with good growth rate but the economic efficiency lacks of sustainability, “competitive quality, efficiency and strength is low; structural transition in direction of industrialization and modernization is slow; macro- balance is not firm; distribution regime remains much unreasonableness”. The unreasonable exploitation and use of internal and external forces leads to exhaustion of many natural resources, damage of ecological environment, change of disease model, influence on quality of human resources, etc. On the other hand, the promotion of internal and external forces in the context of international integration with many complicated variations currently places many difficulties and challenges towards the development of the country. The strong impact of external forces from many sides may narrow impact scope of the State causing insecurity to the national economic, financial and security system; making social unfairness become serious; increasing the gap between the rich and the poor among countries in the world; many sources of aid and technological transfer cooperation with political motivation may lead to the risk of incorrect direction; etc. The global economic crisis places all countries with medium and underdeveloped economy in front of the risk of having damage and crisis in resources for development due to the loss and reduction of aid sources and foreign loan, etc. That situation affects greatly the managerial and operational roles of the State towards development resources of the country, places the country in front of new requirements and tasks. These above limitations and challenges are urgent issues which have been becoming a preventive force for the sustainable development of the country requiring to strengthen macro balancing, regulatory and managerial activities in exploiting and using both internal and external forces reasonably. That real state gives out an urgent requirement to renovate, complete, strengthen roles of the State for maximizing positive impacts and minimizing negative impacts in promoting internal and external forces in order to achieve the target of rapid and sustainable development, assure social fairness and also avoid the reduction of the State’s roles and the risk of incorrect direction in the international integration currently. 3 With desire of contributing to clarify some theoretical and practical issues regarding roles of the State for promoting internal forces and external forces in international integration for the rapid and sustainable development, I select the subject: “The State with promotion of internal forces and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently” as the subject for my Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy. 2. Research purposes and tasks of the dissertation 2.1. Purposes On the basis of clarifying roles of the State, real situation and given issues towards roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in internal integration, the dissertation proposes some viewpoints and solutions in order to enhance roles of the State for promotion of internal and external forces assuring sustainable national development in the current context of international integration in our country. 2.2. Tasks The dissertation focuses on solving main tasks below: - Clarifying the necessity of promoting internal and external forces in international integration and roles of the State for that promotion in Vietnam currently. - Evaluating real situation, analyzing some given issues towards roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently. - Proposing some basic viewpoints and solutions for enhancing roles of the State for promotion of internal and external forces assuring sustainable national development in the context of international integration in Vietnam currently. 3. Research object and scope of the dissertation Research object: Roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently. Research scope: The dissertation focuses on researching roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in the context of international integration. 4. Research methodology The dissertation bases on principles of methodology in dialectical materialism and historical materialism such as objective, comprehensive, developed, historical - particular, practical, logical - historical principles, etc. The dissertation also combines different methods such as analysis and synthesis, inductive method and deductive method, statistics, description, comparativeness, etc. 5. New contributions of the dissertation - The dissertation clarifies under philosophical viewpoint roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently. - Evaluating the real situation and proposing some viewpoints and solutions in order to enhance roles of the State towards the promotion of internal and external forces in the context of international integration in our country currently. 4 6. Theoretical and practical significance of the dissertation 6.1. Theoretical significance The dissertation at the first step clarifies theoretically roles of the State towards the promotion of internal and external forces in international integration in our country currently. The dissertation contributes to practical summary through clarifying the real situation and given issues towards roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in our country currently. From that point, this work proposes basic and practical viewpoints and solutions in order to enhance roles of the State towards the promotion of internal and external forces in international integration in our country currently. 6.2. Practical significance Research results of the dissertation may be used as reference for study, theoretical research, teaching activities at universities, academies, etc. 7. Structure of the dissertation In addition to the foreword, Conclusion, list of references, the dissertation is presented in 4 chapters, 10 sections. Chapter 1 OVERALL SITUATION OF RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE SUBJECT 1.1. Research works related to internal forces, external forces and their roles in the country’s development In the world, long time ago, many scholars did thorough research in internal and external forces and overall resources for development of countries. Adam Smith points that main resources of the society in his living period are capital, manpower and land. David Ricardo considers comparative advantage as prosperous origin of foreign trade and the reason promoting economic growth and social development. Karl Marx points out resources for development of the capitalism such as value of commodity, manpower, capital, technical science, etc. In which, he emphasizes and affirms the value of human resources; human is the subject creating development history of humankind. Nowadays, modern economists analyze resources based on their contributions to the economic development including input material factors (capital, machine, equipment, materials, natural resources, manpower, etc.) and some other factors (organization, policy, administration, technology, technological know-how),etc. In Vietnam, there are many research works related to resources such as: Ministry of Science and Technology, subject KX.04.08/06-10, Resources and motivation for rapid and sustainable development of Vietnam economy in period 2011 - 2020; Prof. PhS. Le Du Phong, editor (2006), Resources and motivation of 5 development in socialism-oriented market economy in Vietnam, Political Theory Publishing House; Ho Ba Tham (2004), Motivation and creation of motivation for social development, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; Hoang Ngoc Hoa (2005), “Our Party’s awareness of promoting internal forces, taking advantage of external forces, developing a self-control economy and actively integrating into international economy”, Looking back to the renovation of the Party’s theoretical thinking in period 1986 - 2005, Political Theory Publishing House, etc. These above mentioned research works provided some basic theories and scientific backgrounds drawn from the reality about the necessity of promoting internal forces and external forces towards the socio-economic development of the country through periods. That is the suggestion for the author of this dissertation to research and study deeply. 1.2. Research works related to roles of the State and solutions for enhancing roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in our country currently In ideological history of humankind, there are many scholars and researchers focusing on natures, functions and roles of the State towards development such as: A. Smith, J.M Keynes, Samuelson, Karl Marx, Engels, Lenin, etc. Nowadays, under the impact of globalization and international integration, all resources move freely in global scope out of control of a State, a nation. Scientists continue mention many different viewpoints about roles of the State towards development. Regarding to this subject, there are some typical research works such as: article “Economic globalization and functions of the State” by Professor Lei Da, Magazine for Social and Political Issues, Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy; article “Process of globalization and the State: the new in economic adjustment in developed countries” by Osadchaja I, Magazine for Social Issues, Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy; the book “Market regime and roles of the State in Vietnam economy” by Prof. Dr. Luong Xuan Quy, Statistics Publishing House, Hanoi, 1994, etc. Besides, authors also research deeply solutions for enhancing roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in the context of international integration currently which are presented in each field of the social life. Typical works are: Article “Promoting internal forces, building an independent and self-control Vietnam economy and expanding international cooperation” by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Van Phuc, Economy and Forecast Magazine, issue no. 9 in 2005; the book “Impact of the State in order to transit economic structure in the direction of industrialization, modernization in our country currently” by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Cuc - editor, National Political Publishing House, 1997; Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy “Role in socialism-orientation of the State towards the development of Vietnam economy currently” by Le Thi Hong, Hanoi, 2001; Doctoral dissertation of Philosophy “Roles of the State in building an independent 6 and self-control Vietnam economy in the current international integration” by Tran Thi Thu Huong, Hanoi, 2011, etc. From research works in the country and in the world, it can be realized that the number of research works regarding “roles of the State” is rich and plentiful. Those research works are valuable materials and scientific background for this postgraduate to acquire and research, develop in the research scope of this dissertation. 1.3. Values of researched works and some orientations to be carried out by the dissertation From overall situation of research, it can be seen that these above mentioned research works have scientific contributions with both theoretical and practical value in researching the promotion of internal and external forces for the development and the enhancement of roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces to build and develop the country in international integration currently. Those contributions are expressed on some following basic aspects: Firstly, it clarifies basic theories about globalization and international integration, impacts of this process on roles of the State in particular and development of each country including Vietnam. Secondly, it step by step clarifies concept of resources, internal forces, external forces and their roles in construction and development of each country. Thirdly, it clarifies the necessity of promoting internal and external forces for development in international integration in Vietnam and also evaluates the real situation of exploiting and using those resources and proposes orientations, solutions for using resources efficiently. Fourthly, it clarifies roles of the State, evaluates the real situation and proposes solutions for enhancing roles of the State in socio-economic development and points out impacts of the State on each resource, each aspect, each field of the life. Almost research works point out limitations of the State such as: quality of legal documents, inefficient apparatus, insufficient and poor personnel, etc.; from that point, it proposes solutions to overcome in many aspects from different research viewpoints. With those contributions, research works mentioned above provided basic theoretical foundations and scientific evidences from the reality regarding promotion of internal and external forces, enhancement of roles of the State in promoting resources for development. However, it can be realized that up to now, there has not been any work researching roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in current international integration in Vietnam systematically under philosophical viewpoint. That urges the author of the dissertation to study and research deeply this matter. On the basis of selective inheritance and addition of research results mentioned above, the dissertation will clarify some more contents: - Clarifying opinion on internal forces, external forces, resources for development of the country in integration period and scientific grounds regarding 7 roles of the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently. - Analyzing the real situation and given issues towards the State in promoting internal and external forces in international integration currently. - Proposing some viewpoints and solutions in order to foster roles of the State for promotion of internal and external forces in current international integration. Chapter 2 NECESSITY AND ROLES OF THE STATE IN PROMOTING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY 2.1. Internal forces, external forces and dialectical relationship between internal forces and external forces in international integration in Vietnam 2.1.1. Opinion on internal forces and external forces Based on opinions of some researchers in the past, the dissertation gives out the concept of internal forces and external forces as follows: * Internal forces: Internal forces of our country are the entire internal material and spiritual strength of the nation including core contents such as: strength of the economy, politics, culture - society; strength of manpower in Vietnam; science and technology, natural resources, leadership of the Party and management of the State, etc. To aware properly internal forces, it is needed to agree on some viewpoints below: Firstly, internal force is a wide concept with continuous movement and variation. In fact, many factors have ever been defined as national internal forces, evenly important internal forces but undergoing development, they no longer keep that role and vice versa. Many factors are defined as internal forces in this condition but environment, factor affecting the promotion and internal and external forces in other conditions. Political, economic, cultural and social factors are both considered as national internal forces and environment, condition to promote other internal forces such as technological science and human resources, etc. Secondly, internal forces depend on awareness level of human, especially technological and scientific development level. With increasingly enhanced awareness level, especially technological science level, people have researched and discovered new natural resources to use and also create new materials, new energy to substitute exhaust natural resources. That is the background, condition for each country to research and make the national internal forces become richer and richer. Thirdly, internal forces depend on development requirements of each country. Each country has different development conditions and orientations, accordingly, concept of internal forces is defined with different contents. 8 Therefore, “internal force” is a wide concept which always moves and changes depending on awareness level and development requirements of each country so it is impossible to have a common concept of internal forces for all countries in all circumstances. In the scope of this work, the dissertation has no condition to research and evaluate the entire national internal forces but focuses on clarifying roles of the State in creating conditions, regime, policies, environment for promotion of internal forces through surveying, analysing some internal forces mainly constituting production force in which the first and most important forces are manpower, science - technology resource and capital that we have. These are the most important factors of internal forces currently so that we can develop the country in depth. Political, economic, cultural, social factors, etc. are considered by the dissertation as environment, condition to promote resources. * External forces: External forces are overall external material and spiritual strength of the nation including factors such as capital, technical science, technology, managerial level and skills, etc. Similar to concept of internal forces, concept of external forces is a wide concept which always moves and changes following awareness level, opinion, development requirement and orientation of each country. Under different research viewpoints, in different historical - particular contexts, each scientist may mention different concepts of external forces. Therefore, we cannot have a common concept of external forces for all circumstances, all countries but we must be aware of external forces in movement, development, particular circumstance, and in the relationship with internal forces and other resources. Within scope of the dissertation, this work has no condition to research, evaluate roles and impacts of each external force on development of the country but focuses on clarifying roles of the State in promoting, exploiting, using external forces to build and develop our country currently. * Promotion of internal and external forces With opinion on internal forces and external forces as mentioned above, it is possible to generalize the opinion on “promotion of internal forces”, “promotion of external forces”, “promotion of internal and external forces” as follows: Promotion of internal forces is creating favourable conditions to mobilize, exploit, use and develop resources inside the country in order to build and develop the country. Promotion of external forces is creating favourable conditions to attract, exploit, use and develop external resources of the country to support the construction and development of the country. Promotion of internal and external forces is creating favourable conditions to exploit efficiently material and spiritual values of countries all over the world in connection with strength of material and spiritual conditions inside the country to create a general strength for development. [...]... status of the State' s roles for the development of the internal and external forces of Vietnam in the international integration at the next chapter Chapter 3 ROLES OF THE STATE FOR PROMOTING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION IN VIETNAM: REALITY AND SOME PROBLEMS TO BE ADDRESSED 3.1 Status of the State' s roles for promoting the internal and external forces in international integration. .. factor wards the success of Vietnam in building the country and in active and positive international integration currently Firstly, promoting internal forces and external forces in international integration is to inherit the lesson of “combining strength of the nation and strength of the age” Secondly, promoting internal forces and external forces is the essential requirement of international integration. .. requirements of enhancing the State s roles toward the promotion of the internal and external forces in the international integration and the existing restrictions of the State From such above mentioned contradictions, it shows that the course of promotion of the internal and external forces in the past years result in potential risks that threaten and influence directly the role and range of impact of the State, ... enhance the State' s roles of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in promoting the internal and 13 external forces This is why in this chapter, the author has focused on learning manifestation of the State' s roles in promoting the internal and external forces, that are: the State creates environment and conditions for promoting the internal and external forces; the State establishes and expands the international. .. researched and discussed at different approach aspects During the course of the international integration, promotion of the internal and external forces is requirement for development at our country Thus, in the Chapter 2 of this Dissertation, the author present his perspective on the internal and external forces and their promotion; the necessity of promoting the internal and external forces in the international. .. attractiveness of domestic environment toward sources of the external force, international investors and friends, influence the existing promotion of the internal and external forces 3.1.2 Status of the State' s roles in developing and expanding international relationship for actively attracting external force Firstly, in the current background of international integration, in order to expand international. .. Thirdly, promoting internal forces and external forces helps Vietnam take advantage of opportunity, overcome challenges in integration period to develop 2.3 Main expressions of roles of the State in promoting internal forces and external forces in international integration in Vietnam currently 2.3.1 The State creates environment and condition to promote internal and external forces A stable and developed... leadership, our State has gained many achievements in promoting the internal and external forces, been active and proactive in international integration The State unceasingly realize the Party’s guidelines on promoting the internal and external forces, proactive in international integration by various policies and manners, increasingly developing strength of the internal force; proactively attracting many... cooperation of the Party and State 4.2 Some groups of basic measures to enhance the role of the State for promoting internal and external force in the international integration in current Vietnam 4.2.1 Groups of measures on learning international experience in promoting internal and external force Firstly, learn experience to enhance the role of the State in concentrating in building up the country, promoting... international integration The international integration is a very complicated course with great opportunities and challenges that influence the promotion of the internal and external forces In order to develop benefits and diminish negative impacts of the external force toward the internal forces of the nation in the current trends of globalization and the international integration, it is necessary to enhance the . AND ROLES OF THE STATE IN PROMOTING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES IN INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION IN VIETNAM CURRENTLY 2.1. Internal forces, external forces and dialectical relationship between internal. wards the success of Vietnam in building the country and in active and positive international integration currently. Firstly, promoting internal forces and external forces in international integration. orienting and stimulating promotion of the internal and external forces. 3.2. Some problems to be addressed by the State in promoting the internal and external forces in the current stage of integration From