[...]... was the supply chain leader, the collector was the leader, or the manufacturer was the leader Based on their analysis, they concluded that a retailer-led closed-loop supply chain is superior to a manufacturer-led closed-loop supply chain In addition, they found that in terms of the effectiveness of collecting used products, having a retailer-led closed-loop supply chain, rather than a collector-led... designed to recapture value from used products (e.g., auto parts) and to generate prot It is usually built as an extension of the forward supply chain to reduce investments and transportation costs and improve coordination of recovery activities with production Testing and grading play an important role in maximizing the value recovered from used products Testing is 10 I Sas et al centralized to benet from. .. used to process both Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6 and is implemented in a commercial operation in Delaware (CARE 2014), may also prove to be promising 1.3.3 Reverse Supply Chain of Carpet Acquisition of used carpets from consumers is the rst step in the carpet reverse supply chain This stage determines the volume of carpet that goes to recycling There are several options to collect PCC, including sorting from. .. Establishing drop-off collection centers allows shifting some of the collection costs to the customers However, some kind of motivation for the customers must exist, and it should be convenient for customers to carry their recyclables to the points of collection Customers may be motivated to use drop-off collection points due to environmental consciousness, a ban on disposing the waste at local dumpsters,... industry (de Brito and Dekker 2004) 1.2.5 Types of Reverse Networks Before going into a discussion of typical reverse logistics networks, it is important to distinguish closed-loop recovery systems from opened-loop ones Many authors dene a closed-loop supply chain as a system that includes traditional forward supply chain activities and additional reverse activities (Guide et al 2003) De Brito and Dekker... University, Campus Box 7906, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA â Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 T.-M Choi, T C Edwin Cheng (eds.), Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain Management, Springer Series in Supply Chain Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12703-3_1 3 4 I Sas et al to growing environmental issues created by disposed products Scarcity of landlls, harmful emissions and depletion of nonrenewable resources... used to reduce transportation costs The network usually consists of a small number of levels 1.2.6 Channel Structure, Coordination, and Leadership The structure of the reverse channel for collecting used products from customers, the degree of coordination between supply chain members, and the leadership within the supply chain can have a signicant effect on the protability of closed-loop supply chains... that correspond to different stages of the forward supply chain, namely manufacturing returns, distribution returns, and customer returns (de Brito and Dekker 2004; Kumar and Dao 2006) Surplus of raw materials, rework of products due to low quality, and production leftovers are typical reasons for manufacturing returns At the distribution stage, returns to a manufacturer may occur due to product recalls,... deliveries, stock adjustment, and functional returns (e.g., packaging) Customers may return products to manufacturers due to customers dissatisfaction, the mismatching of products to customers needs, warranty service, and product end of use or end of life Economics and legislation are two main reasons that motivate companies to accept product returns Recovery of valuable parts or materials from used products... and waste-toenergy, in a model may lead to new insights into network structure and protability In addition, all papers considered reverse carpet recycling networks separately from the forward supply chain However, locating collection, preprocessing, and recycling facilities close to/ at existing retail stores, distribution centers, and production plants may reduce the investment required to build such . http://www.springer.com/series/13081 Tsan-Ming Choi • T. C. Edwin Cheng Editors Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain Management From Sourcing to Retailing 2123 Editors Tsan-Ming Choi T. C. Edwin Cheng Institute of Textiles. further research on sustainable fashion supply chain management. To the best of our knowledge, this book is a pioneering book that specifically explores sustainable fashion supply chain management in. Choi, T. C. Edwin Cheng (eds.), Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain Management, Springer Series in Supply Chain Management, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-12703-3_1 4 I. Sas et al. to growing environmental issues