90 QUESTIONS OF GARMENTS WASHING & DYEING TÀI LIỆU: 90 CÂU HỎI CẦN LƯU Ý KHI TÌM HIỂU VỀ NHUỘM VÀ WASH TRONG NGÀNH MAY MẶC THỜI TRANG 90 QUESTIONS OF GARMENTS WASHING & DYEING. 1. DEFINITION OF GARMENT WASHING. The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments is called garment washing. Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done. Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash Grey fabric- Super white wash 2. WRITE THE PURPOSE OF WASHING.  Garment washing is the best touch of a garment.  Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash Like this:  To create wash look appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.  By the washing technique, faded/old, color or tinted affect .  Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, blasting, whickering, permanent wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p spoonzing etc.  To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.  To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and market development.  Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further shrinkage of the wash garments.  Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due to washing. 3. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY PROCESSING.  Hand scrapping  3D whiskering  Broken  Tagging  Wrinkle (Permanent & Overall)  Grinding (Hem,Pocket,Coller,Cuff)  Destroy  PP spray & PP sponging. 4. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WET PROCESSING.  Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash  Pigment wash  Caustic wash  Enzyme wash  Stone wash  Stone enzyme wash  Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip Dyeing)  Super white wash  Bleach wash  Acid wash  Silicon wash 5. WRITE THE MACHINE NAMES WHICH ARE USED IN WASHING PLANT.  Sample washing machine ( horizontal/vertical)  Washing machine  Washing machine  Hydro extractor machine  Dryer machine  Dryer machine  Chemical mixture machine  Industrial oven  Boiler  Submersible pump  Grinding machine  Tagging machine  Steam chamber for crinkle  E.T.P  Generator  Sand blasting gun  Sand blasting chamber  Spray gun and dummy  Screw compressor 6. WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAMES WHICH ARE USED IN WASHING PLANT.  Enzyme  Acetic acid [CH 3 -COOH]  Detergent  Ant staining agent  Bleaching powder [Ca(OCl)CL]  Sodium hyposulfite [Na 2 S 2 O 2 ]  Caustic soda [NAOH]  Soda ash [Na 2 CO 3 ]  Sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO 3 ]  Potassium permanganate [KMnO 4 ]  Cationic/ nonionic flax softener  Micro emulsion silicon  Salt  Buffer  Hydrogen peroxide [H 2 0 2 ]  Stabilizer  Fixing agent  Catanizer  Optical brightner  Resin  Sodium metabisulphite [Na 2 S 2 O 5 ]  Desizing agent. 7. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF NORMAL WASH?  To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments.  To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics.  For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing.  To achieve buyer washing standard. 8. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF HYDRO EXTRACTOR MACHINE? The function of hydro extractor machine removes excess water from the washed garments. 9. DESCRIBE THE 1ST STEP AND 2ND STEP OF NORMAL/GARMENT WASH/RINSE WASH. First step  Lot size…………………70 kg twill/canvas garment  Add water, L:R= 1:8-10…….560-700 liter  Machine running  Add detergent, 0.5 gm/liter………… 280-350gm  Temperature………….sometime cold and sometime 40∙c to 60∙c  Time………………….5 to 10 minutes  Drop the liquor  Cold wash. Second step  Add water, L:R= 1:6…….…….420 liter  Washing machine running  Add Fax softener, 0.6 gm/liter………… 252 gm  Add acetic acid, 0.5gm/liter…………… 210 gm  Time………………….5 to 10 minutes  Drop the liquor  Unload the garments on trolley. 10. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF SILICON WASH?  To give durable softness and elastic handle properties.  To increase anti pilling affects, dimensional stability and tear resistance.  To improve wear and easy care properties. 11. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN NORMAL WASH AND SILICON WASH. Normal wash Silicon wash To remove dust, dirt, oil spot, impurities from the garments. To give durable softness and elastic handle properties. To remove starch presents on the garment fabrics. To increase anti pilling affects and dimensional stability. For soft feeling to wear the garments after purchasing. To increase tear resistance property. To achieve buyer washing standard. To improve wear and easy care properties 12. DESCRIBE THE DESIZING PROCESS OF SILICON WASH.  Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) 60 kg.  Add water @ L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter  Machine Running.  Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre 360 gm.  Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre 300 gm.  Temperature 50°c.  Time 10-20 mts.  Drop the liquor.  Rinse one time 3 minutes. 13. DESCRIBE THE SOFTENING PROCESS OF SILICON WASH.  The softening=DESIZING  Lot weight (Approx 125 pes) 60 kg.  Add water @ L: R = 1: 10 600 Liter  Machine Running.  Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre 360 gm.  Add Detergent @ 0.5 gm / litre 300 gm.  Temperature 50°c.  Time 10-20 mts.  Drop the liquor.  Rinse one time 3 minutes. 14. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR PIGMENT/CAUSTIC WASH PROCESS. 1.Caustic soda 4. Acetic acid 2.Soda ash 5. Flax softener 3.Detergent 6. Silicon 15. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR ENZYME WASH.  Desizing agent  Detergent  Anti back staining agent  Acetic acid  Cationic softener  Chlorine bleach  Soda ash  Sodium hypo sulphite  Sodium bi carbonate  Silicon. 16. WRITE THE DESIZING/ FIRST STEP OF CAUSTIC WASH PROCESS.  Lot size: - 80 kg.  Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 640 Liter  Machine Running.  Add Caustic soda (NAOH) @ 1.60 gm / litre 1024 gm.  Add Detergent @ 0.8 gm / litre 512 gm.  Temperature 50°c to 60°c.  Time (Depend upon the shade) 20 to 60 mts.  Drop the liquor.  Wash cold water for 3 mts. 17. WHAT IS THE STANDARD R.P.M OF WASHING MACHINE?  (28-35) RPM 18. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR SOFTNESS OF GARMENTS.  Cationic softener  Silicon  Enzyme 19. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR GOOD QUALITY HAND FEEL.  Cationic softener  Silicon  Enzyme 20. WHAT CHEMICAL USE IS FOR PROTECT STAINING/BLEEDING ON GARMENTS.  Anti-back staining agent 21. WHAT PROCESS IS DOING FOR REMOVE STARCH/SIZING MATERIALS FROM THE GARMENTS?  Desizing process 22. WHY ACETIC ACID IS USED IN ENZYME BATH?  Acetic acid is used in enzyme bath to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and to control the ph value of the bath.  Then acid enzyme is given in enzyme wash. 23. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN STEAM DRYER & GAS DRYER. Steam dryer Gas dryer Low production rate. High production rate. Generally light garments, white coloured garments are dried Generally heavy garments are used for dry. No risk of yellowish formation. May be form yellowish effect on the garments. 24. DESCRIBE THE DESIZING PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT.  Lot weight (80 pes) 60 kg denim long pant.  Add water @ L : R = 1 : 9 540 Liter  Machine Running.  Temperature 60°c.  Add Desizing agent @ 0.6 gm / litre 324 gm.  Add Detergent @ 0.8 gm / litre 432 gm.  Time 10 20 mts.  Drop the liquor.  Wash 1 time by cold water. 25. DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY ACID ENZYME.  Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 450 Liter  Temperature 45°c.  Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm.  Add Anti back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre 270 gm.  Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre 900 gm.  Time (Depend upon the shade ) 40 60 mts.  Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).  Drain the bath. Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes. 26. DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY NEUTRAL ENZYME.  Add water at, L: R = 1: 8 480Liter  Temperature 45°c.,  Add Acetic Acid at 0.3 gm / liter 135CC  Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter 270 gm.  Add Neutral Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter 900 gm.  Time (Depend upon the shade)….40- 80 min.  Increase temperature to 90°c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).  Drain the bath.  Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes. 27. HOW CAN DO THE KILLING OF ENZYME IN ENZYME BATH?  For killing of enzyme in enzyme bath the temperature is increased to 90 0 c and run for 1 minute. Or,  By using ENZYME KILLER. 28. WHY CHLORINE BLEACH IS USE IN DENIM WET PROCESSING?  Chlorine bleach is use in denim wet processing for the better bleach action on garments. Because we know that chlorine has strong bleaching power. So that it can easily create bleaching effect on garments. 29. WHAT CHEMICALS IS USE FOR NEUTRALIZATION OF CHLORINE BLEACH?  Sodium hypo sulphite (Na 2 S 2 O 2 ) 30. WRITE THE MAIN 5 FUNCTIONS OF ENZYME WASH.  Develop ‘’Bio-polishing’’ affect on denim in echo-friendly way  Enzyme improves the ‘’Anti-pilling’’ properties.  It attacks more the surface of the fabrics and gives a very smooth surface.  It increases the color fastness and rubbing fastness properties.  Achieve high-low abrasion to produce fading effect in sewing area. 31. WHAT IS THE ACTION OF ENZYME ON GARMENTS?  It just hydrolysis the cellulose, first it attacks the projecting fiber then the yarn portion inside fabric and faded affect is produced.  It reduces GSM of the garment.  It produces buyer loving soft feel in use. 32. WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME FOR BLEACHING IN BLEACHING BATH OF DENIM GARMENTS?  (15-25) mts 33. WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME USED IN BANGLADESH?  Acid and neutral Enzymes Acid and neutral Enzymes 34. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN ACID ENZYME & NEUTRAL ENZYME. Acid enzyme Neutral enzyme 1) Acid enzyme colour is slightly brown. 1) Neutral enzyme is slightly white powder form. 2) ph =( 4.5 to 5.5) 2) ph= ( 6 to 7) 3) Temperature: (40-55) 0 C 3) Temperature: (40-60) 0 C 4) Time: 25-50 min 4) Time: 40-70 min 5) More staining 5) Less staining. [...]... loss of strength  Sometime occurs yellowish effect on fabrics so avoided during white coloured garments drying 50 DESCRIBE THE FAULT/PROBLEM OF GARMENTS IF EXCESS LOAD IN THE WASHING MACHINE Washing chemicals will not work properly so desizing/fading/bleaching/softening will not achieve as required level 51 WHAT ARE THE REASONS OF AFTER WASH HOLE?  For improper application of chemical  Defect of washing. .. L:R amount during washing 52 WHAT IS THE STANDARD R.P.M (INNER DRUM) OF INDUSTRIAL DRYER?  RPM= 24 for any volume of garments 53 IF INNER DRUM R.P.M OF WASHING M/C AND DRYER M/C IS TOO HIGH, WHAT TYPES OF EFFECT ON GARMENTS?  If inner drum r.p.m of washing machine is high then the garments attached with inner drum and with one another and their rotation be increase As a result the garments become more... solution for washing machine and temp for dryer machine cannot work properly towards the garments 54 WHAT ARE THE STD L:R FOR DESIZING, ENZYME BATH, SOFTENER BATH L: R for desizing 1:9 L: R for enzyme bath 1:7 L: R for softener bath 1:6 55 WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF STONE ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT          Desizing Hot wash Enzyme wash Bleaching Neutral wash Soft wash Hydro extractor... Delivery 56 WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM (DARK) ENZYME WASH PROCESS  Desizing  Enzyme  Softening  Hydro extractor Machine  Drying  Delivery 57 WRITE THE FLOW CHART OF (MEDIUM) ENZYME WASH OF DENIM READYMADE GARMENTS •DESIZING 2 •ENZYME 3 •BLEACHING 4 •NEUTRALIZING 5 •SOFTENING 6 •HYDRO-EXTRACTOR 7 •GAS DRYER 8 •DELIVERY 58 WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAME OF ACID WASH PROCESS  Desizing... type of fabric 14 Silicone softener Sulfanine MAS Silicone micro emulsion, gives excellent inner softness and silky touch to the all type of fabric 15 Silicone softener Sulfanine DMN Speciality softener, which imparts softness with a wet feel with body 16 Hydrophilic Softener Sulfanine Hydra Non-Yellowing hydrophilic softener with antistatic properties 17 Hydrophilic Softener Sulfanine USIL Non-Yellowing... applied in the following ways: 1 Jigger Dyeing - Batch wise 2 Drum Dyeing - Garments 3 Warp – sheet dyeing - Denim Solfast dyes: Solfast dyes are water-soluble dyes but having no substantivity Hence can be applied by the pigmenting system to allow the dye to fully penetrate the substrate by padding (as in the case of woven fabrics) or by package dyeing (as in the case of yarn) and then reduced at a later... circulation of Liquor in cheese dyeing and overcomes the filtration effect 12 Non- foaming, fastness Sulfaxil SNS improver High chelation, high dispersing agent for water of high hardness Ecofriendly, non-foaming, fastness improver during coloration with good chelating, dispersing action on metal impurities present in the process water 13 Washing off agent Sulfaxil WOF Helps in avoiding tinting of adjacent... fabrics 7 Non-ionic softener in paste form Can be applied on all types of fabrics to achieve soft and full handle can be applied by padding and also by exhaust 8 Silicone softener Sulfanine DM Specialty softener, which imparts softness with a wet feel with body 9 Silicone softener Sulfanine HNY A non-yellowing softener, which imparts antistatic finish with hydrophilicity 10 Nonionic softener Sulfanine... gm/cm3 Then the stone will not float  Alternative of pumic stone: SYNTHETIC STONE  Stone wt /fabric wt = 0.5 to 3 /1  Dia .of stone- 1-7 cm  Moisture content-less than 5%  Surface properties-less than 5% fines  Apparent Density-0. 5-0 .75gm/cm3  Abrasion loss-35%  Large, hard stones last longer and may be suited for heavy weight fabrics only  Smaller, softer stones would be used for light weight fabrics... producing the stonewashing effects, salt-pepper effect etc Traditionally this is done with the use of pumic stones where the abrasion can also damage the garment In contrast cellulase enzymes provide the worn-out look in a more gentle manner Bio-polishing: In the wet processing of garments (denim or non-denim, woven or knits), there is a resultant hairiness on the surface of the fabric Bio-polishing is . 90 QUESTIONS OF GARMENTS WASHING & DYEING TÀI LIỆU: 90 CÂU HỎI CẦN LƯU Ý KHI TÌM HIỂU VỀ NHUỘM VÀ WASH TRONG NGÀNH MAY MẶC THỜI TRANG 90 QUESTIONS OF GARMENTS WASHING & DYEING. . types of washing process can be done. Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash. Pigment wash  Caustic wash  Enzyme wash  Stone wash  Stone enzyme wash  Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing( Dip Dyeing)  Super white wash  Bleach wash  Acid wash  Silicon wash