HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC ( ENGLISH 8 ) I . TOO / ENOUGH : Quá … không thể … *S + Be + TOO + ADJ + ( for +O ) + To + V . * S+ V + TOO +ADV + ( for+ O ) + To + V . *S+ Be +( NOT ) + ENOUGH + ADJ+ ( for + O ) + To + V . Đủ … để *S+ V + (NOT ) + ENOUGH+ ADV + ( for + O ) + To +V. II. So ……That : Such …….That : Quá ……….đến nỗi mà ……. *SO + ADJ / ADV + That + Clause . *SUCH + ( a , an ) + ADJ + N + That Clause . III. REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS : Đại từ phản thân I -> Myself We -> Ourselves You -> Yourself / yourselves They -> Themselves She -> Herself He -> Himself It -> Itself IV . MODAL VERBS : Động từ kiếm khuyết S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) + Vinf without “To ” Can Could Should May Might Must Ought to : nên Had better: nên Would V. USED TO / BE USED TO 1.S + USED TO + V : Đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ 2. S + BE USED TO + VING / N : Quen ( trở nên quen ) làm gì đó GET VI . DEMANDs : CÂU RA LỆNH * V + ( Please ) . * DON’T + V + ( Please ) VII . REPORTED SPEECH : Câu tường thuật 1. Polite requests 1 - “ CAN / COULD / WOULD / WILL + YOU + ( Please ) + Vinf ……? ” - “ V + Please ”. - “ DON’T + V + Please ” ->Reported speech : S + ASKED + O + ( not ) + to + V. TOLD REQUESTED 2. Advice .Lời khuyên “ S + should / ought to / had better (not ) ……… ” ->REPORTED SPEECH _ S + Advised + O + (not ) to V. - S + Said ( to O ) That S (o ) should / ought to / had better VII. So as / In order for purpose . Chỉ mục đích So as ( not ) to V = In order ( not ) to V : Để ( không ) VIII . GERUNDS . Danh động từ S + V + GERUND(Ving). Love Like ( Dislike ) Enjoy Hate Prefer Start( Begin) Stop / Finish Practice Remember : nhớ đã làm gì trong qkhứ Try : thử # Try + to V : cố gắng Mind : phiền lòng IX . Passive voice Câu bị động 1. Present simple Active + S + Vs ,es + O S + Vzero + O - S + do / does not + Vinf + O . ? Wh + do /does + S + Vinf + O Passive Wh+S(o)+is/am/are( not) +VpII 2. Present Conti… Active Passive Wh + S + is (not )+ Ving + O-> Wh + S(o) + is + being + VpII 2 am am are are 3. Present perfect Active Passive Wh + S + have + VpII -> Wh + S(o) + have + been VpII has has 4. Past Simple Active + S + VED + O . - S + didn’t + V inf + O . ? ( Wh) + Did + S + Vinf + O ? Passive Wh +S(O) + was (not)+ VpII were 5. Near future . Active Passive Wh + S + is + going +to V + O am are Wh + S(o) is + going +tobe+VpII am are 6. Modal Verbs Động từ khiếm khuyết S + MODAL VERBS ( not ) +be + VPII Can Could Should May Might Must Ought to : nên Had better: nên Would Will Shall X . Present Perfect. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành 1. Use : + to express an unfinished action ( một hành động dang dở ) +to express an experience . ( một kinh nghiệm ) + to express an action which has just happened in the past but the time is not important. * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : since , for , not….yet , ….yet ? , lately = recently( gần đây ) , so far = since then = up to now ( từ đó đến nay ), just( vừa mới ) , already( rồi) , never , ever , it is the first ( second …) time XI . Do / Would you mind…………….? 3 + Do you mind + Ving ……? -> a polite request . Would you mind + Ving ….? + Do you mind if I + Vzero …… ? -> a polite permission Would you mind if + I + Ved ……? = May / Can I + Vinf ………? XII. Present participle / past participle 1. Present participle ( Ving ) It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( active ) Ex . The tiger killing the hunter is very big 2. Past participle ( VpII ) It is used as an Adj to modify a N ( passive ) Ex. The tiger killed by the hunter is very big . XIII. Present Conti…with always Hiện tại tiếp diễn với always - It is used to express a complaint . Ex . He is always talking in the class ! You are always making noisy when I sleep well! XIV. How to pronounce the ending “ed” and “s” & “es” Phát âm –ed và -s 1. “ed” - / id / : Tận cùng là các âm : / t / & / d / - / t / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / , / f / , / p / , / k / , / tS / , / S / Ex : laughed , washed , watched , danced - / d / : Trường hợp còn lại . Ex : raised , used , studied ……… 2. “s” & “es ” - / iz / : Tận cùng là các âm : / s / ; /S/ ; / z / ; / tS / ; / dz/ Ex : buses ; houses ; places ; couches ; oranges ; boxes…… - / s / : Tận cùng là các âm : / p / ; / k / / t / ; / f / - / z / : Trường hợp còn lại. XV : Reported speech . Câu tường thuật 1 . Direct : Present simple -> Indirect : Past simple + S + Ves, s / Vzero. -> S said S + Ved ……. - S + don’t / doesn’t + Vinf > S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf ? Do / Does + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved…… Wh + do/does + S + Vinf ? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved ………. 4 2 . Direct : Past simple -> Indirect : Past simple + S + Ved . -> S said S + Ved ……. - S + didn’t + Vinf > S said/ told (to O that) S didn’t Vinf ? Did + S + Vinf …? -> S asked + O if / whether S +Ved. Wh + did + S + Vinf ? -> S asked + O Wh + S + Ved . 3. Present Conti…. -> Past Conti… S + is (not )+ Ving + O -> S said S + was ( not )+ Ving . am were are ? is / am / are + S + Ving ? -> S asked +O if /whether S + was/were + Ving . Wh + is / am/are +S + Ving ? -> S + asked O Wh + S + was / were + Ving. 4. Present perfect -> Past Perfect S + have (not ) + VpII . -> S said + S+ had+ VpII. has ? Have / has + S + VpII ? -> S asked O if/ whether S + had + VpII. Wh + have / has + S + VpII ? S asked Wh + S + had + VpII . 5. Will / Shall -> Would 6. Can -> Could 7. Must -> Had to 8. Is / am / are going to -> was / were going to 9.May -> Might Direct -> Indirect today / tonight thatday / thatnight tomorrow the followingday / nextday yesterday the day before/ the previous day 2months ago 2months before this that these those here there C NG ÔN T P H C KÌ IIĐỀ ƯƠ Ậ Ọ 5 English 8 I. Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks: 1. She hasn’t finished the letter _______(already / yet / never ). 2. Lan’s studying hard ______ pass the final exam ( as to / in order to). 3. Do you mind ______ the window ? ( close / closing / to close ). 4. I am happy ______ all the exams. ( to pass / passing / pass ). 5. Finally, we decided _______ to the concert. ( going / go / to go ). 6. The boy ______ next to Hoa is a new comer. ( sits / sitting / to sit ). 7.Would you mind if I_______ you a question. ( asking / to ask / asked ). 8. Ba _____ a shower at 8 o’clock last night. ( is talking / was talking ) 9. He ______ he was aplumber .( says / said / to say ). 10. It is a ___________ contest.(cooking - rice / riced - cooking / rice – cooking ) 11. Which of the following is not a wonder of the world ? ( Angkor Wat / Big Ben / Hanging Gardens of Babylon ). 12. Last week, our school held ______ ( a contest arranging – flower / an arranging – flower contest / a flower – arranging contest ). 13. Would you mind if I _______ off the light. ( turning / turn / turned ). 14. Empty milk bottels are ______ by the milkmen in Britan. (collect / collecting / collected ) 15. Can I get you some madicine ? This sentence is a(n)_______ ( offer / request / promise ). 16. You can only see the ________ nowadays. ( Hangig Gardens of Babylon / Statue of Zues / Piramid of cheops ) 17. We are watching a _______ on TV ( fighting – bull festival / bull – fighting festival / festival bull fighting ). 18. A: Could you call an ambulance, please ? B: ____________ ( all right / yes, please / I’m glad ) 19. The school gate ________ at 5.30 PM every day. ( lock / locks / is locked ) 20.This is a picture os Mount Rushnore where a heads of a four American presidents are ______ into the rock. ( put / carved / cut ) 21. I can see a boy ________ a water buffalo. ( ride / riding / to ride ) 22. It is _________ to travel around Vietnam. ( interesting / interested / interestedly ) 23. Cool the burns immediately so as to ________ tissu damage. ( ease / relieve / minimize ) 24. Milk bottels can be _________ after being cleaned (recycled / thrown away / broken / reused) 25. We are looking for ward to _________ you in May ( seeing / see / to see / be seen ) 26. The Piramid of cheops is one of the seven __________ of the world. ( pyramids / temples / wonders 27. Angkor Wat _______ around 1100 to honor a Hindu God ( is built / was built / has been built ) 6 28. What is a _________ contest ? ( fire – making / fires – making / fire – make ) 29. Do you mind if I __________ here ? ( sitting / to sit / sit ) 30. The boy __________ a book is Ba ( reading / read / to read ) 31. I _______ Cuba in 1990 ( visit / visited / have visited ) 32. Don’t forget to give the vitim a cup of tea when he ( revives / revive / reviving ). 33. It’s _______ to travel around Vienam. ( interesting / interested / interest ). 34. Milions of Christmas cards ________ every year. ( were sent / are sent / send / is sending ). II. Write complete sentences: 1. Sydney Opera House / complete / 1973 2. Nhi asked Nga / she know / My Son 3. You / finish / homework / yet, Ba ? 4. The Le family / sleep / when / the mailman / come. 5. We / delighted / you / instrested / protect / environment 6. While / I / dinner / phone / ring . 7. When / the poem / write ? 8. The celabration / will / hold / tomorrow . 9. They / play / tennis 10.30 yesterday morning. 10. I / have / wonderful time / Sydney. 11. Eiffel Tower / design / Alexandre Gustave Eiffel / 1889. 12. I / like / learn English. 13. She / often / use / it / for reading. 14. Last week / she / buy / English – Vietnamese dictionary. 15. She / always / want / improve her English. III. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first: 1. Do you want to visit Ho Chi Minh City. She asked me 2. The cats has broken many bowls and dishes. Many bowls and 3. Could you send the letter for me ? Would you mind 4. Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem in 1823. The poem 5. “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the children The children said 6. The last time I played tennis was 2003 I haven t ’ 7. She said : “ Can you speak Spanish, Minh ?” She 8. I asked Nam : “Are free toninght ?” I 9. He said to me : “ I don’t know what Lan is doing”. 7 He 10. Ba invited Liz to the rice – cooking festival. Liz IV. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. Last night, I _______ ( walk ) along a country road when suddenly I _______ ( hear ) footsteps behind me . 2. A new supermarket ________ ( build ) next year. 3. They ________ ( hold ) the rice – cooking festival every two years. 4. Nga advised Nhi how ________ ( go ) from My Son to Hoi An 5. The rice – cooking festival _________ ( hold ) every two years . 6. The letter _______ ( post ) a week ago and it _______ ( arrive ) yesterday. 7. My mother ________ ( wait ) for me when I _________ ( come ) home . 8. The light ________ ( go ) out while we ________ ( have ) dinner. 9. “What _______ you __________ ( do ) this time yesterday ?” 10. It suddenly _______( begin ) to rain while Laura _________( sit ) in the garden. 11. It is late, so we decided _______ ( take ) a taxi home. 12. It started _______ ( rain ) when they left home . 13. Don’t forget _______ ( turn off ) the lights before _______( go ) out . 14. I ______ ( have ) to go to the dentist last Sunday. 15. Ann ______ ( do ) her homework at 8 o’clock this morning. 16. Would you mind if I _______ ( open ) the door. 17. Nga told Nhi what ________ ( do ) there during the visit. V. Change the following sentences into passive voice: 1. The performed Christmas songs for people in town. 2. Mr. Thanh didn’t teach me last year. 3. Does Viet Nam export rice to many countries ? 4. They have just built a new church near my house. 5. Somebody must do something for these poor men. 6. People speak English and French in Canada. 7. People say that he is the best doctor. 8. Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 9. They will laugh at you wear that silly hat. 10. Miss. Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards. 11. My grandfather built this house over 40 years ago. VI. Change these sentences into active voice : 1. They will be helped by the kind man 2. French isn’t taught in this school. 3. Was this symphony written by Mozart ? 4. The Christmas trees were decorated and put at the front door. 5. My camera was stolen from my hotel room a few day ago. 6. Most of the question can be answered by Nam. 7. A new supermarket is going to be built next year. 8. How often are these animals fed ? 8 VII.Rewrite these sentences, using reperted speech: 1. He said to us : “You are my best friends” 2. Nam said : “Lan wants to come here but she isn’t very well” 3. He said to friends : “I must go home now” . 4. Lan said : “I don’t know how to do these exercises”. 5. Nien asked Hoa : “Do you have many friends ?” 6. Thanh said to her teacher: “I will finish my execises at home”. 7. Tom said : “ I am student.” 8. Nga to her brother : “I can’t answer this question”. 9. Charles said : “I’m living in London now.” 10. Johnny said to me “I don’t know what Fred is doing.” 11. She said : “I will answer the phone.” 12. July said : “John wants to come here but he isn’t very well.” 13. Susan said : “ My sister is coming to see me next week.” 14. Judy said to me : “I’m going away for a few days. I’ll phone you when I get back.” VIII. Combine each pair of sentences, using in oder ( not ) to or so as ( not ) to : 1. He always drives carefully. He doesn’t want to cause accidents. 2. The boy stood on the benches. They want to get a better wiew. 3. Nam is studying very hard. He wants to keep pace with his classmates. 4. We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity. 5. He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better. 6. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house. 7. Thanh and Na are going to Australia. They want to learn English. 8. We hurried to school. We didn’t want to be late. 9. T went to the college. I wanted to see Professor Taylor. 10. She wore warm clothes. She didn’t want to get cold. IX. Matching column A with column B: A B 1. Petronas Twin Towers 2. Stonehenge 3. Statue of Zeus 4. The temple of Literature 5. The Great Wall of China 6. Eiffel Tower 7. Big Ben 8. The Piramid of Cheops 9. Taj Mahal 10. Hangig Gardens of Babylon 11. Sydney Opera House 12. Angkor Thom 13. The Statue of Liberty 14. Colosseum a. England b. Combodia c. The United State of American d. China e. France f. Malaysia g. Egypt h. India i. Iraq j. Australia k. Italy l. Greece m.Viet Nam 9 15. Angkor Wat 16. Great Barrier Reef X. Combine each pair of sentences, using present participle (V-ing) or past participle (V-ed): 1. The baby is crying for her mother. She is sitting in an armchair. 2. The boy was taken to the hospital. He was injured in the accident. 3. Do you know the man ? The man is talking to Tom. 4. The window has been repaired. It was broken last night. 5. The taxi broke down. It was talking us to the airport. 10 . Canada. 7. People say that he is the best doctor. 8. Bell invented the telephone in 187 6. 9. They will laugh at you wear that silly hat. 10. Miss. Thanh taught me to draw the Christmas cards. 11 order for purpose . Chỉ mục đích So as ( not ) to V = In order ( not ) to V : Để ( không ) VIII . GERUNDS . Danh động từ S + V + GERUND(Ving). Love Like ( Dislike ) Enjoy Hate Prefer . previous day 2months ago 2months before this that these those here there C NG ÔN T P H C KÌ IIĐỀ ƯƠ Ậ Ọ 5 English 8 I. Choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks: 1. She hasn’t