&KѭѫQJ &KѭѫQJ GIӞ, THIӊ8 MATLAB ¾ MөFÿtFKGiúp sinh viên làm quen vӟLSKҫQPӅP0DWODE ¾ NӝLGXQJ  GiӟLWKLӋXWәQJTXDQYӅMatlab  GiӟLWKLӋXPӝWYjLOӋQKFѫEҧQ  7KDRWiFFăQEҧQWURQJ0DWODE  ThӵFKLӋQPӝWYjLYtGөOjPTXHQWUrQ0DWODE 1.1 TәQJTXDQ 1.1.1 GiӟLWKLӋX Matlab là tӯYLӃWWҳWFӫD0DWUL[/DERUDWRU\ Matlab là mӝWQJ{QQJӳOұSWUuQKFҩSFDRGҥQJWK{QJGӏFK1yOjP{LWUѭӡQJWính toán sӕ ÿѭӧFWKLӃWNӃEӣLF{QJW\0DWK:RUNV0DWODEFKRSKpSWKӵFKLӋQFiFSKpSWtQKWRiQVӕPDWUұQ vӁÿӗWKӏKjPVӕKD\ELӇXGLӉQWK{QJWLQGѭӟLGҥQJ'KD\'WKӵFKLӋQFiFWKXұWWRiQYjJLDR tiӃSYӟLFiFFKѭѫQJWUuQKFӫDFiFQJ{QQJӳNKiFPӝWcách dӉGjQJ Phiên bҧQ0DWODEÿѭӧFVӱGөQJP{SKӓQJWURQJWjLOLӋXQj\Oj0DWODE 1.1.2 KhӣLÿӝQJYjFKXҭQEӏWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFWURQJ0DWODE 7UѭӟFNKLNKӣLÿӝQJ0DWODEQJѭӡLGQJSKҧLWҥRPӝWWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFÿӇFKӭDFiFILOH FKѭѫQJWUình cӫDPuQKYtGө D:\ThucHanh_DSP). Matlab sӁWK{QJGӏFKFiFOӋQKÿѭӧFOѭXWURQJILOHFyGҥQJP 6DXNKLÿã cài ÿһW0DWODEWKuYLӋFNKӣLFKҥ\FKѭѫQJWUuQKQj\FKӍÿѫQJLҧQOjQKҩSYjR biӇXWѭӧQJFӫDQyWUrQGHVNWRS , hoһFYjR6WDUW\All Programs\Matlab 7.0.4\ Matlab 7.0.4 &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 2 6DXNKLÿã khӣLÿӝQJ[RQJ0DWODEWKuEѭӟFNӃWLӃSOjFKӍWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFFӫDPuQKFKR Matlab. NhҩSYjRELӇXWѭӧQJ trên thanh công cөYjFKӑQWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFFӫDPuQKYtGө D:\ThucHanh_DSP). CӱDVәOjP YLӋFFӫD0DWODEVӁQKѭKuQKYӁErQGѭӟL1ybao gӗP FӱDVәOjPYLӋF chính: CӱDVәOӋQK&RPPDQG:LQGRZFӱDVәWKѭPөFKLӋQWҥL&XUUHQW'LUHFWRU\YjFӱDVә chӭDWұSFiFOӋQKÿmÿѭӧFVӱGөQJ&RPPDQG+LVWRU\ ĈӇWҥRPӝWILOHPWURQJWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFEҥQÿӑFFyWKӇWKӵFKLӋQ x NhҩSYjRELӇXWѭӧQJ hoһFYjR)LOH\New\M-File x CӱDVәVRҥQWKҧR[XҩWKLӋQJ}FKѭѫQJWUuQKFҫQWKLӃWYjRILOH6DXNKLÿmKRjQWҩW nhҩQYjRELӇXWѭӧQJ ÿӇOѭXYjRWKѭPөFKLӋQWҥL'\ThucHanh_DSP) &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 3 ĈӇWKӵFWKLWұSOӋQKFyWURQJILOHPWURQJWKѭPөFOjPYLӋFWKuQJѭӡL dùng chӍFҫQJ}WrQ ILOHÿyYj0DWODEVӁWӵÿӝQJWKӵFWKLFiFGzQJOӋQKFyWURQJILOHPQj\YtGөÿӇWKӵFWKLFiF lӋQKFyWURQJILOHWHVWPFKӍFҫQJ}OӋQKWHVW 1.2 Các lӋQKWK{QJGөQJWURQJ0DWODE 1.2.1 MӝWYjLNLӇXGӳOLӋX 0DWODEFyÿҫ\ÿӫFiFNLӇXGӳOLӋXFѫEҧQVӕQJX\rQVӕWKӵFNêWӵ%RROHDQ ChuӛLNêWӵÿѭӧFÿһWWURQJQKi\NpS³´YtGө³WKXFKDQK´ KiӇXGm\FyWKӇÿѭӧFNKDLEiRWKHRF~SKiS³VӕBÿҫX: EѭӟF: sӕBFXӕL´9tGө (kӃWTXҧVӁWKXÿѭӧFPӝWFKXәL>@ KiӇXPDWUұQFyWKӇÿѭӧFNKDLEiRQKѭYtGөVDX M = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9] Ma trұQ0WKXÿѭӧFVӁOj A = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.2.2 Các lӋQKÿLӅXNKLӇQFѫEҧQ x LӋQKclear: Xóa tҩWFҧFiFELӃQWURQJEӝQKӟ0DWODE x LӋQKclc: Xóa cӱDVәOӋQKFRPPDQGZLQGRZ x LӋQKpause: ChӡVӵÿiSӭQJWӯSKtDQJѭӡLGQJ x LӋQK=: LӋQKJiQ x LӋQK%: Câu lӋQKVDXGҩXQj\ÿѭӧF[HPOjGzQJFK~WKtFK x LӋQKinput: Lҩ\YjRPӝWJLiWUӏ Ví dө[ LQSXWµ1KDSJLDWULFKR[¶ x LӋQKhelp: Yêu cҫXVӵJL~SÿӥWӯ0DWODE x LӋQKsave/ѭXELӃQYjR bӝQKӟ Ví dөVDYHWHVW$%&OѭXFiFELӃQ$%&YjRILOHWHVW x LӋQKload: NҥSELӃQWӯILOHKD\EӝQKӟ Ví dөORDGWHVW x LӋQKUӁQKiQK IfF~SKiSQKѭVDX IF expression statements ELSEIF expression statements ELSE statements END x LӋQKUӁQKiQK Switch: SWITCH switch_expr CASE case_expr, statement, , statement CASE {case_expr1, case_expr2, case_expr3, } &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 4 statement, , statement OTHERWISE, statement, , statement END x LӋQKOһSFor: FOR variable = expr, statement, , statement END x LӋQK While: WHILE expression statements END x LӋQKbreak7KRiWÿӝWQJӝWNKӓLYzQJOһS:+,/(KD\)25 x LӋQKcontinue: BӓTXDFiFOӋQKKLӋQWҥLWLӃSWөFWKӵFKLӋQYzQJOһSӣOҫQOһSWLӃS theo. x LӋQKreturn: LӋQKTXD\YӅ x LӋQKclf: Xóa hình hiӋQWҥL x LӋQKplot(signal): VӁGҥQJVyQJWtQKLӋXVLJQDO x LӋQKstairs(signal): VӁWtQKLӋXVLJQDOWKHRGҥQJFҫXWKDQJ x LӋnh stem(signal): VӁFKXӛLGӳOLӋXUӡLUҥF x LӋQKbar(signal): VӁGӳOLӋXWKHRGҥQJFӝW x LӋQKmesh(A): HiӇQWKӏÿӗKӑDGҥQJ'FiFJLiWUӏPDWUұQ 1.2.3 Các phép tính vӟLPDWUұQ x NhұSPDWUұQYjR0DWODE: >> A = [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1] A = 16 3 2 13 5 10 11 8 9 6 7 12 4 15 14 1 x TҥRPDWUұQYjR0DWODE: sӱGөQJFiFKjPFyVҹQ  Zeros(n,m): ma trұQQPFiFSKҫQWӱEҵQJ  Eye(n) : ma trұQÿѫQYӏQQ  Ones(n,m) : ma trұQQPcác phҫQWӱEҵQJ  Rand(n,m) : ma tr ұQQPFiFSKҫQWӱWӯÿӃQ  Diag(V,k) : nӃX9OjPӝWYHFWѫWKuVӁWҥLPDWUұQÿѭӡQJFKpR x Phép chuyӇQYӏ: A’ >> A' ans = 16 5 9 4 3 10 6 15 2 11 7 14 13 8 12 1 x Hàm sum: Tính tәQJFiFSKҫQWӱWUrQWӯQJFӝWFӫDPDWUұQP[QWKjQKPDWUұQ[Q &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 5 >> sum(A) ans = 34 34 34 34 x Hàm diag: Lҩ\FiFSKҫQWӱÿѭӡQJFKpRFӫDPDWUұQ >> diag(A) ans = 16 10 7 1 >> C = [1 2 3;2 3 4] C = 1 2 3 2 3 4 >> diag(C) ans = 1 3 x Hàm detWtQKÿӏQKWKӭFPDWUұQ >> det(A) ans = 0 x Hàm rank: tính hҥQJFӫDPDWUұQ >> rank(A) ans = 3 x Hàm inv: tính ma trұQQJKӏFKÿҧR >> inv(A) ans = 1.0e+015 * 0.2796 0.8388 -0.8388 -0.2796 -0.8388 -2.5164 2.5164 0.8388 0.8388 2.5164 -2.5164 -0.8388 -0.2796 -0.8388 0.8388 0.2796 x Truy xuҩWSKҫQWӱWURQJPDWUұQ: A(x,y) 7URQJÿy$WrQPDWUұQ x: TӑDÿӝKjQJWtQKWӯ y: TӑDÿӝFӝWWtQKWӯ >> A A = 16 3 2 13 5 10 11 8 &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 6 9 6 7 12 4 15 14 1 >> A(4,3) ans = 14 >> A(4,3) = 16 A = 16 3 2 13 5 10 11 8 9 6 7 12 4 15 16 1 x Toán tӱFRORQ A(i:j,k): Lҩ\FiFSKҫQWӱWӯLÿӃQMWUrQKjQJNFӫDPDWUұQ$ A(i,j:k): Lҩ\FiFSKҫQWӱWӯMÿӃQNWUrQKjQJLFӫDPDWUұQ$ >> A A = 16 3 2 13 5 10 11 8 9 6 7 12 4 15 16 1 >> A(3,2:4) ans = 6 7 12 >> A(1:2,3) ans = 2 11 x CӝQJWUӯPDWUұQ: A(n.m) ± B(n.m) = C(n.m) x Nhân 2 ma trұQ: A(n.m) * B(m.k) = C(n.k) x Nhân mҧQJ: C = A.* B (C(i,j) = A(i,j) * B(i,j)) x Chia trái mҧQJ: C = A.\ B (C(i,j) = B(i,j) / A(i,j)) x Chia phҧLPҧQJ: C = A./ B (C(i,j) = A(i,j) / B(i,j)) x Chia trái ma trұQ: C = A \ B = inv(A) * B (pt: AX = B) x Chia phҧLPDWUұQ: C = A / B = B * inv(A) (pt: XA = B) x LNJ\WKӯDPDWUұQ: A ^ P x BiӇXGLӉQWtQKLӋXWUrQPLӅQWKӡLJLDQ n= [1:3] % MiӅQWKӡi gian 1, 2, 3 x=[1 2 3] % Tín hiӋXUӡLUҥF stem(n,x) % BiӇXGLӉQWtQKLӋX[WUrQPLӅQWKӡLJLDQQ 1.3 Bài tұS Bài 1. Nhұp vào ma trұn: A=[16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1] &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 7 x Tìm kích thѭӟFPDWUұQ$ x Lҩ\GzQJÿҫXWLrQFӫDPDWUұQ$ x TҥRPDWUұQ%EҵQJGzQJFuӕLFQJFӫD$ x Tính tәQJFiFSKҫQWӱWUrQFiFFӝWFӫD$JӧLêWtQKWәQJFiFSKҫQWӱWUrQFӝW sum(A(:,1))). x Tính tәQJFiFSKҫQWӱWUrQFiFGzQJFӫD$ Bài 2. Cho ma trұn A=[2 7 9 7; 3 1 5 6; 8 1 2 5], SV giҧi thích kӃt quҧ cӫa các lӋnh sau: x A' x A(:,[1 4]) x A([2 3],[3 1]) x reshape(A,2,6) x A(:) x [A A(end,:)] x A(1:3,:) x [A ; A(1:2,:)] x sum(A) x sum(A') x [ [ A ; sum(A) ] [ sum(A,2) ; sum(A(:)) ] ] Bài 3. Giҧi hӋ SKѭѫQJ$[ EYӟi: A= 013 352 101   và b = 2 1 1  Bài 4. &KRYHFWѫ[ >@JLҧi thích kӃt quҧ cӫa các lӋnh sau: x x(3) x x(1:7) x x(1:end) x x(1:end-1) x x(6:-2:1) x x([1 6 2 1 1]) x sum(x) Bài 5. VӁÿӗthӏ hàm sӕ y 1 =sinx.cos2x và hàm sӕ y 2 =sinx 2 Bài 6. Giҧi hӋ SKѭѫQJWUình sau: trong [0-2] 2x 1 + 4x 2 + 6x 3 –2x 4 =0 x 1 + 2x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 =1 2x 2 + 4x 3 + 2x 4 = 2 3x 1 –x 2 + 10x 4 = 10 Bài 7. VӁ mһt 22 22 sin yx yx z   trong không gian 3 chiӅu Bài 8. Sinh viên thӱ vӁ mһt trө z= 24 yx  bҵng hàm mesh và hàm surf Bài 9. Cho tín hiӋXWѭѫQJWӵ: ttx a S 100cos3)( &KѭѫQJ –GIӞ,7+,ӊ80$7/$% BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 8 a. Tìm tҫn sӕ lҩy mүu nhӓ nhҩt có thӇ mà không bӏ mҩt thông tin b. Giҧ sӱ tín hiӋXÿѭӧc lҩy mүu ӣ tҫn sӕ Fs = 200 Hz. Tìm tín hiӋu lҩy mүu c. Giҧ sӱ tín hiӋXÿѭӧc lҩy mүu ӣ tҫn sӕ Fs = 75 Hz. Tìm tín hiӋu lҩy mүu d. Tìm tҫn sӕ cӫa (0<F<F s ) tín hiӋu mà cho cùng mӝt kӃt quҧ lҩy mүXQKѭӣ câu c. Bài 10.Cho tín hiӋXWѭѫQJWӵ ttttx a SSS 12000cos106000sin52000cos3)(  a. Tìm tҫn sӕ Nyquist cӫa tín hiӋu b. Giҧ sӱ tín hiӋu lҩy mүu có tҫn sӕ là F s =5000 Hz. Tìm tín hiӋXWKXÿѭӧc. &KѭѫQJ &KѭѫQJ BIӆ8 DIӈ1 TÍN HIӊ8 ¾ MөFÿtFK  NҳPYӳQJOêWKX\ӃWYӅWtQKLӋXYjFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSELӃQÿәLWtQKLӋX  ThӵFKjQKYjKLӋQWKӵFFiFYtGөWUrQPDWODE ¾ NӝLGXQJbiӇXGLӉQYjELӃQÿәLFiFWtQKLӋXWUrQPDWODE 2.1 Tóm tҳWOêWKX\ӃW x Dãy tuҫQKRjQOjGm\WKӓDPmQÿLӅXNLӋQ[Q [QN1YӟL1OjFKXNǤYjNOj mӝWVӕQJX\rQEҩWNǤ x 1ăQJOѭӧQJFӫDPӝWGm\[QÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF İ  >@ 2 ¦ f f n nx x 1ăQJOѭӧQJWURQJNKRҧQJ[iFÿӏQKWӯ-K Q.ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF İ  >@ 2 ¦  K Kn nx x Công xuҩWWUXQJEuQKFӫDPӝWGm\NK{QJWXҫQKRjQÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKEӣLF{QJWKӭF 2 1 lim | ( ) | 21 nN N nN Pxn N of   ¦ x Công xuҩWWUXQJEuQKFӫDPӝWGm\WXҫQKRjQYӟLFKXNǤ1ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKEӣLF{QJ thӭF >@ 2 0 1 ¦ N n av nx N P x Dãy xung ÿѫQYӏ >@ ¯ ®  z w 0,0 0,1 nkhi nkhi n x Dãy nhҧ\EұFÿѫQYӏ >@ ¯ ®   t 0,0 0,1 nkhi nkhi nu x Dãy sine phӭF &KѭѫQJ –BIӆ8',ӈ17Ë1+,ӊ8 BM KӻWKXұW0i\WtQK 10 >@ I D  njw n eAnx 0 x Dãy sine thӵF >@ )cos( 0 I  nwAnx x Thành phҫQFKҹQOҿFӫDWtQKLӋX () () () eo xn x n x n   Thành phҫQFKҹQ 1 () [() ( )] 2 e xn xn x n   Thành phҫQOҿ 1 () [() ( )] 2 o xn xn x n  x Các phép biӃQÿәLWtQKLӋX  Làm trӉWtQKLӋX'HOD\'ӏFKWUiL () ( ) 0yn xn k k t  Lҩ\WUѭӟFWtQKLӋX$GYDQFH'ӏFKSKҧL () ( ) 0yn xn k k  t  ĈҧR () ( )yn x n   CӝQJ 12 () () ()yn x n x n   Nhân 12 () (). ()yn x n x n  Co giãn miӅQWKӡLJLDQ () ( )yn x n D  Co giãn miӅQELrQÿӝ () ()yn Axn x Các hàm Matlab liên quan:  stemp: vӁGm\GӳOLӋXQKѭFiFTXHWKHRWUөF[  sum;iFÿӏQKWәQJFӫDWҩWFҧFiFSKҫQWӯFӫDPӝWYHFWRU  min;iFÿӏQKSKҫQWӱQKӓQKҩWFӫDPӝWYHFWRU  max;iFÿӏQKSKҫQWӱQKӓQKҩWFӫDPӝWYHFWRU  zeros: cҩSSKiWPӝWYHFWRUKRһc ma trұQYӟLFiFSKҫQWӱ  subplot&KLDÿӗWKӏUDWKjQKQKLӅXSKҫQQKӓPӛLSKҫQYӁPӝWÿӗWKӏNKiFQKDX  title7KrPWrQWLrXÿӅFKRÿӗWKӏ  xlabel: ViӃWFK~WKtFKGѭӟLWUөF[WURQJÿӗWKӏ'  ylabel: ViӃWFK~WKtFKGѭӟLWUөF\WURQJÿӗWKӏ' 2.2 MӝWYjLYtdө ¾ Ví dөXét tín hiӋXOLrQWөFVDX () os(20 )it c t S ÿѭӧFOҩ\PүXPV7tQKLӋXÿyFy tuҫQKRjQKD\NK{QJ" GiҧLÿiS ( ) os(2 (10)(0.0125) ) os( ) 4 xn c n c n S S Tín hiӋXWXҫQKRjQNKL 0 2 N k S T Suy ra: 2 4 N k S S 'Rÿy 8 1 N k VӟLN WDFy1 ÿyOjFKXNuWXҫQKRjQFӫDWtQKLӋX ¾ Ví dөDùng Matlab biӇXGLӉQ6WHSVLJQDOYj,PSXOVHVLJQDO [...]... b Giҧ sӱ tín hiӋX ÿѭӧc lҩy mүu ӣ tҫn sӕ Fs = 200 Hz Tìm tín hiӋu lҩy mүu c Giҧ sӱ tín hiӋX ÿѭӧc lҩy mүu ӣ tҫn sӕ Fs = 75 Hz Tìm tín hiӋu lҩy mүu d Tìm tҫn sӕ cӫa (0 . xn Bài 4. Cho tín hiӋu () {1 ,2,3}xn n ;iFÿӏnh thành phҫn chҹn và lҿ cӫa tín hiӋu. Bài 5. Cho tín hiӋu () {1,1,0,1,1}xn n ;iFÿӏnh a. x(2n) b. x(n/2) c. x(2n – 1) d. x(n)x(n) Bài 6 cӫa hӋ thӕng h(n). (n  Bài 4. Tính tích chұp cӫa hai tín hiӋu x(n) = [1, 3,íí@YjKQ >í@ Bài 5. Tính tích chұp y(n) = x(n) * h(n) cӫa các cһp tín hiӋu sau: a. x(n) = [3,1/2,í ,. 12 2.3 Bài tұSFӫQJFӕOêWKXӃW Bài 1. Các tín hiӋXVDXÿkFyWXҫn hoàn hay không? NӃu có hãy xác ÿӏnh chu kì: a. () 2cos( 2 )xn n S b. ( ) 20 os( )xn c n S Bài 2. BiӇu diӉn các tín hiӋu