[...]... Asia Countries 5 .10 Change in PM2.5 and SOx Emissions in Europe and Central Asia Countries, 19 99–2009 5 .11 Total Estimated Health Damages from Fossil-Fuel Power Generation in Europe and Central Asia Countries, 2009 13 5 13 7 13 9 14 1 14 2 14 4 14 5 14 7 14 7 14 9 15 0 15 5 15 7 16 0 xiv Contents S3 .1 Concern about Climate Change among Populations of Europe and Central Asia Countries, 2 010 6 .1 Life-Cycle GHG Emissions... BLUE Scenarios, 2006 and 2050 7.3 Decoupling of Energy Consumption from Manufacturing Output in Europe and Central Asia, 19 90–2008 16 8 17 9 18 2 18 4 19 6 19 9 200 203 203 204 207 208 214 226 227 228 Contentsxv 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7 .10 7 .11 7 .12 7 .13 7 .14 7 .15 7 .16 7 .17 7 .18 Convergence in Industrial Energy Intensity of Europe and Central Asia Relative to EU -1 5 , 2002–09 Convergence in Industrial Energy... Relative to Other Country Groups by 2020 11 8 4.3 Number of Green Patents in Europe and Central Asia Relative to Selected Other Regions, 19 96–2 010 12 0 4.4 Number of Green Patents Granted to Europe and Central Asia Countries, 19 90–2 010 12 0 4.5 Imports of Green Goods and Services in Europe and Central Asia Relative to Selected Other Regions, 2000 10 12 1 4.6 Exports of Green Goods and Services in Europe and... and Central Asia Relative to Selected Other Regions, 2000 10 12 1 4.7 Exports of Green and Close-to -Green Goods and Services in Europe and Central Asia Relative to Selected Other Regions, 2000 10 12 2 4.8 Employment and Shares of Employment in the Renewable Energy Sector in the EU, 2 010 12 6 Contentsxiii 5 .1 Employment and Value Added in Energy-Intensive Sectors of Europe and Central Asia Countries, 2007... Unit of Energy Use Relative to Other Regions, 19 70–2 010 10 2 S2.7 CO2 Emission Intensities in Europe and Central Asia, by Subregion, 19 91 2009 10 3 S2.8 Per Capita Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases, by World Region, 2008 10 3 S2.9 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions, by Source, Europe and Central Asia, 2008 10 4 S2 .10 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions, by Sector, Europe and Central Asia, 2008 10 5 S2 .11 Trends... Environmental and Climate Benefits in the Agricultural Sector 365 Improving Forest Governance in ECA 379 Figures 1. 1 Median GDP Growth in Europe and Central Asia, 19 90–2 010 1. 2 Social Inclusion Trends in Europe and Central Asia, 19 93–2008 1. 3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita, Europe and Central Asia, 19 95–2009 1. 4 Wind Energy Capacity in the EU -1 5 , 2009 vs Forecasts 19 90–2002 1. 5 Elements of a Climate Action... S2 .11 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions, by Sector, Europe and Central Asia, 19 90 vs 2000–08 10 6 4 .1 Restrictions on Two Dimensions of Green FDI and Economywide Restrictions, Selected Countries, 2 010 11 4 4.2 Average Annual Net Exports of Embedded CO2 Emissions, Selected Europe and Central Asia Countries, 19 90–2008 11 6 B4 .1. 1 Projected CO2 Emission Reductions in Annex 1 Countries Relative to Other Country... 19 61 2007 347 10 .4 Changing Composition of Livestock in Europe and Central Asia, 19 61 2006 348 10 .5 Total Technical Climate Change Mitigation Potentials in Agriculture (All Practices, All GHGs), by Global Region, by 2030 350 B10.2 .1 CO2 Emissions per Dairy Unit of Output, Selected Countries, 2 010 358 10 .6 The Many Ways of Producing Bioenergy 360 10 .7 Forest Area Trends in Europe and Central Asia, 19 90–2 010 ... Central Asia, 19 90–2 010 368 10 .8 Labor Productivity in the Forest Sector in Europe and Central Asia, 2 010 372 xviii Contents 10 .9 Forest Industry Employment Ratios, Selected Regions 10 .10 Fuel Consumption Mix, Northwestern Russian Federation, 2008 10 .11 Wood Energy Potential, Northwestern Russian Federation, 2008 372 375 375 Maps S1 .1 Trends in Global Surface Temperature, 19 55–2 011 22 3 .1 Projected Global... 2000 10 8 .15 Average Fuel Economy and New Vehicle Registrations in Selected Countries, 2005 and 2008 2 51 269 2 71 2 71 2 71 2 71 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 277 282 285 Contentsxvii 8 .16 Daily Commercial Parking Rates in Selected Cities, 2 011 287 8 .17 Greenhouse Gas Intensities, by Transportation Mode, 2005 289 8 .18 Electrification Rate of Rail Networks, Selected Europe and Central Asia Countries and EU-27, . Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 20 2-5 2 2-2 625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 97 8-0 -8 213 -9 7 9 1- 6 ISBN (electronic): 97 8-0 -8 213 -9 79 2-3 DOI: 10 .15 96/97 8-0 -8 213 -9 7 9 1- 6 Cover photo: © Frank Chmura/Getty. conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Deichmann, Uwe, and Fan Zhang. 2 013 . Growing Green: The Economic Benefits of Climate Action. World Bank, Washington, DC. doi: 10 .15 96/97 8-0 -8 213 -9 7 9 1- 6. License:. Transition 2 Costs of Climate Action 10 The Elements of a Climate Action Strategy 12 Outline of the Report 14 Spotlights 16 Notes 16 References 17 Spotlight 1. The Climate Challenge 19 Notes 23 References