BỘ Y TẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DƯỢC HÀ NỘI NGUYỄN VĂN KHANH TỔNG QUAN 20 VỊ THUỐC CỔ TRUYỀN CÓ TÁC DỤNG THANH NHIỆT KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP DƯỢC SĨ HÀ NỘI - 2014 BỘ Y TẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DƯỢC HÀ NỘI NGUYỄN VĂN KHANH TỔNG QUAN VỀ THUỐC CỔ TRUYỀN CÓ TÁC DỤNG THANH NHIỆT KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP DƯỢC SĨ Người hướng dẫn: TS Đào Thị Thanh Hiền Nơi thực hiện: Bộ môn Dược học cổ truyền HÀ NỘI - 2014 LỜI CẢM ƠN Trước tiên, xin bày tỏ lòng biết ơn sâu sắc tới TS Đào Thị Thanh Hiền, người quan tâm, giúp đỡ, hướng dẫn động viên tơi suốt q trình thực hồn thành đề tài Tơi xin gửi lời cảm ơn tới PGS TS Nguyễn Mạnh Tuyển, người giúp đỡ, hướng dẫn suốt thời gian qua Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn thầy cô, anh chị kỹ thuật viên Bộ môn Dược học cổ truyền giúp đỡ tạo điều kiện cho tơi q trình nghiên cứu, thực đề tài Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn cán viên chức thư viện trường Đại học Dược Hà Nội tận tình giúp đỡ, tạo điều kiện cho tơi q trình nghiên cứu thực đề tài Cuối cùng, xin gửi lời cảm ơn tới gia đình bạn bè, người ln động viên, giúp đỡ đóng góp ý kiến cho tơi hồn thành đề tài Hà Nội, tháng năm 2013 Sinh viên Nguyễn Văn Khanh MỤC LỤC Trang ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ…………………………………………………………… CHƯƠNG I KHÁI NIỆM VỀ NHIỆT VÀ THUỐC THANH NHIỆT TRONG Y HỌC CỔ TRUYỀN………………………………………… 1.1 KHÁI NIỆM NHIỆT……………………………………………… 1.2 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT………………………………………… 1.2.1 Các loại hình sinh nhiệt thể………………………… 1.2.2 Định nghĩa…………………………………………………… 1.2.3 Tính vị…………………………………………………… 1.2.4 Tác dụng chung……………………………………………… 1.2.5 Phân loại thuốc theo nguyên nhân…………………………… 1.2.6 Thành phần hóa học………………………………………… 1.2.7 Tác dụng sinh học…………………………………………… 1.2.8 Những điểm cần ý sử dụng thuốc nhiệt……… 1.2.9 Kiêng kỵ………………………………………………… 1.3 CÁC LOẠI THUỐC THANH NHIỆT…………………………… 1.3.1 Thuốc nhiệt giải thử…………………………………… 1.3.2 Thuốc nhiệt giải độc……………………………… 1.3.3 Thuốc nhiệt giáng hỏa (thanh nhiệt tả hỏa)…………… 12 1.3.4 Thuốc nhiệt táo thấp……………………………… 13 1.3.5 Thuốc nhiệt lương huyết……………………………… 16 CHƯƠNG II ĐỐI TƯỢNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP THU THẬP THÔNG TIN……………………………………………………………… 24 2.1 ĐỐI TƯỢNG NGHIÊN CỨU……………………………………… 24 2.2 NỘI DUNG THU THẬP THÔNG TIN…………………………… 24 2.3 PHƯƠNG PHÁP THU THẬP THÔNG TIN……………………… 24 CHƯƠNG III KẾT QUẢ VÀ BÀN LUẬN………………………… 25 3.1 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT GIẢI ĐỘC………………………… 25 KIM NGÂN HOA………………………………………………… 25 BỒ CÔNG ANH…………………………………………………… 29 LIÊN KIỀU………………………………………………………… 31 XẠ CAN…………………………………………………………… 37 3.2 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT TẢ HỎA……………………………… 42 THẠCH CAO……………………………………………………… 42 CHI TỬ…………………………………………………………… 44 HUYỀN SÂM……………………………………………………… 50 HẠ KHÔ THẢO…………………………………………………… 54 TRI MẪU……………………………………………………… 58 3.3 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT GIẢI THỬ…………………………… 62 HÀ DIỆP…………………………………………………………… 62 DƯA HẤU………………………………………………………… 64 3.4 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT TÁO THẤP…………………………… 65 HOÀNG BÁ……………………………………………………… 65 HOÀNG LIÊN…………………………………………………… 70 HOÀNG CẦM…………………………………………………… 78 NHÂN TRẦN……………………………………………………… 84 THẢO QUYẾT MINH…………………………………………… 87 3.5 THUỐC THANH NHIỆT LƯƠNG HUYẾT……………………… 92 SINH ĐỊA………………………………………………………… 92 ĐỊA CỐT BÌ……………………………………………………… 99 MẪU ĐƠN BÌ……………………………………………………… 102 BẠCH MAO CĂN………………………………………………… 108 3.6 BÀN LUẬN………………………………………………………… 118 3.6.1 Tính vị………………………………………………………… 118 3.6.2 Cơng năng, chủ trị thuốc nhiệt YHCT……… 118 3.6.3 Thành phần hóa học………………………………………… 120 3.6.4 Tác dụng sinh học…………………………………………… 3.6.5 Mối liên quan công tác dụng sinh học thuốc 120 nhiệt…………………………………………………… 123 KẾT LUẬN VÀ ĐỀ XUẤT……………………………………………… 127 KẾT LUẬN………………………………………………………… 127 ĐỀ XUẤT………………………………………………………… 127 DANH MỤC CÁC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT ADN Acid deoxyribonucleic ADP Adenosin diphosphat AMPK Protein kinase hoạt hóa AMP (AMP-activated protein kinase) ARN Acid ribonucleic AT1R Receptor AT1 angiotensin II (Angiotensin II type receptor) ATP Adenosin triphosphate CCl4 Cacbon tetraclorua COX Cyclooxygenase DDPH 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl EC50 Nồng độ 50% tác dụng tối đa (Effective Concentration) ED50 Liều tác dụng tối đa 50% đối tượng thử (Effective Dose) ERK Lộ trình kinase điều hịa tín hiệu ngoại bào (Extracellular signalregulated kinase) HDL Cholesterol có tỷ trọng cao (High density lipoprotein) IL Interleukin IC50 Nồng độ ức chế 50% đối tượng thử (Inhibitory Concentration) iNOS Men tổng hợp NO cảm ứng (Inducible nitric oxide synthase) IκB Chất ức chế κB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B) JNK Lộ trình Janus kinase LD50 Liều gây chết 50% đối tượng thử (Lethal Dose) LDL Cholesterol có tỷ trọng thấp (Low density lipoprotein) LOX Lipooxygenase LPS Lipopolysaccharid MAO Monoamine oxidase MAPK Lộ trình tín hiệu protein kinase hoạt hóa phân bào (mitogenactivated protein kinase) mARN ARN thơng tin MIC Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) NF-κB Yếu tố nhân κB (Nuclear Factor-kappa B) NO Nitric oxide ONOO- Peroxynitrit PG Prostaglandin PPAR Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor TNF-α Yếu tố hoại tử mô alpha ( Tumor Necrosis Factor α) TNGĐ Thanh nhiệt giải độc TNGH Thanh nhiệt giáng hỏa TNGT Thanh nhiệt giải thử 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loại thuốc nhiệt tác dụng hạ sốt, có tất nhóm thuốc loại thuốc