TEXTILE TEXTILE Yarn Manufacturing Yarn Manufacturing W h at is Textile? W h at is Textile?  Textile refers to any material made of Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibers; hence textile raw interlacing fibers; hence textile raw materials are those fibers capable of materials are those fibers capable of being converted into yarns and fabrics being converted into yarns and fabrics FIBER YARN FABRIC FIBERS FIBERS  Cellulosic fiber Cellulosic fiber : Cotton, Bast fibers, Leaf : Cotton, Bast fibers, Leaf fibers, Coir, Kapok fibers, Coir, Kapok  Protein fiber Protein fiber : Silk, Wool, Mohair, : Silk, Wool, Mohair, Cashmere, Camel hair Cashmere, Camel hair  Synthetic fiber Synthetic fiber : Nylon, Nomex, Kevlar, : Nylon, Nomex, Kevlar, Polyester, Acrylic Polyester, Acrylic  Mineral and Organic fiber Mineral and Organic fiber : Glass, Metallic : Glass, Metallic fiber and Carbon fiber fiber and Carbon fiber FIBERS FIBERS  Length Length : must be several hundred times the width, to : must be several hundred times the width, to gives the necessary flexibility which enables them to gives the necessary flexibility which enables them to be spun into yarns. be spun into yarns.  Tenacity or strength Tenacity or strength : to withstand the stresses : to withstand the stresses during spinning and weaving. during spinning and weaving.  Elongation Elongation : specified as percentage of starting point : specified as percentage of starting point and it is importance since textile product without and it is importance since textile product without elasticity would hardly be usable. elasticity would hardly be usable.  Uniformity Uniformity : fibers should have the same length, : fibers should have the same length, width and flexibility to produce even yarns width and flexibility to produce even yarns YARN YARN  Yarn, by Yarn, by ASTM Standard D123, Vol 07.01 ASTM Standard D123, Vol 07.01 , is a , is a generic term for a continuous strand of textile generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to for knitting, weaving or otherwise intertwining to form textile fabric. form textile fabric.  Yarns can be produces in different sizes and Yarns can be produces in different sizes and texture, and also vary in other characteristics. texture, and also vary in other characteristics. Performance and end use of the fabrics are Performance and end use of the fabrics are affected by these yarn characteristics. affected by these yarn characteristics. TYPES OF YARN TYPES OF YARN  Staple or filament Staple or filament  Single or plied or cord Single or plied or cord  Simple or complex Simple or complex DIRECTION OF YARN DIRECTION OF YARN  Yarns are twisted to hold the fiber Yarns are twisted to hold the fiber together. together. S Direction Z Direction YARN SIZE / NUMBER YARN SIZE / NUMBER 1) Direct System 1) Direct System Weight in grams of 9000 meters of yarn Denier Tex Decitex Weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn Weight in grams of 10000 meters of yarn 2) Indirect System Yarn count (s) Length in hank of 1 pound of yarn (weighs) 1 hank = 840 yards YARN SIZE / NUMBER YARN SIZE / NUMBER  EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES: 1. 1. 9,000 meters of yarn weighs 40 grams, 9,000 meters of yarn weighs 40 grams, it is 40 denier yarns. The higher the it is 40 denier yarns. The higher the number of denier, tex or decitex, the number of denier, tex or decitex, the coarser the yarn. coarser the yarn. 2. 2. 10 hanks of cotton yarn that weight one 10 hanks of cotton yarn that weight one pound, this is 10s (count) yarn. The pound, this is 10s (count) yarn. The higher the number of yarn count, the higher the number of yarn count, the finer the yarn. finer the yarn. YARN YARN MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING PROCESS PROCESS BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING ROVING RING FRAME COMBING [...]... spinning BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING ROVING RING FRAME SPINNING  final step on producing yarn  Functions: BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING ROVING  Attenuate the roving until required RING FRAME fineness is achieved  To impact strength to the fiber strand by twisting it  To wind up the resulting yarn in a suitable for storage, transportation and further processing SPINNING Back zone draft... DRAWING COMBING ROVING RING FRAME Drawframe has a series of rollers (drafting arrangement) rotating at different rates of speed COMBING  to upgrade the raw material by removing the short fibers Combed yarn is stronger, more uniform, has greater shine, smoother and purer  Functions:    Eliminate short fibers Eliminate remaining impurities Eliminate neps BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING ROVING RING...BLOWROOM  first step of cotton yarn production  for opening, cleaning and dust removal, blending, and prepared for carding process BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING COMBING ROVING RING FRAME CARDING FUNCTIONS:  Opening to the individual fibers . TEXTILE TEXTILE Yarn Manufacturing Yarn Manufacturing W h at is Textile? W h at is Textile?  Textile refers to any material made of Textile refers to any material. the yarn. YARN YARN MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING PROCESS PROCESS BLOWROOM CARDING DRAWING ROVING RING FRAME COMBING BLOWROOM BLOWROOM  first step of cotton yarn first step of cotton yarn. DIRECTION OF YARN DIRECTION OF YARN  Yarns are twisted to hold the fiber Yarns are twisted to hold the fiber together. together. S Direction Z Direction YARN SIZE / NUMBER YARN SIZE / NUMBER 1)