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1. His duty is to design the architecture complex together with his partners. The underlined phrase is used as _____. A. prepositional phrase used as a complement B. infinitive phrase used as a complement C. prepositional phrase used as a modifier D. infinitive phrase used as a modifier 2. “The wind may be strong enough to overturn a building ,or even to lift a very light building off its foundation”. The underline phrase is used as_______________. A. a subjective complement B. an object C. an adverb to modify the adjective D. a modifier of purpose
HCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSIHCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURETY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURE Ms LY 24 UNIT 9- SENTENCES Simple - Compound - Complex - Compound-complex I. Simple Sentences SV : The concrete hardened SVO We submitted the final drawings. SVC Architecture is the art of designing and building. SVOO We brought the complete project to Civil engineers of Construction firm 5. SVOC They considered you a good architect. SCOA We can obtain the permission to build from the Urban Planning Authority. SVOAA II. Compound Sentences You wear a rain coat, or you carry an umbrella I don’t understand, nor do I care The clay subsoil in London limited the height and the size of the building, whereas in New York towering skyscrapers can be built. It is time to go, so then let us start He is very rich, yet (still) he is not contented (chưa hài lòng) NOTES: 1. Compound sentences bao gồm hai hay nhiều câu đơn. 2. Các câu đơn trong câu Comp. S được nối với nhau bằng các đồng cách liên từ (co- ordinating conjunction) như and; yet (tuy nhiên), still (tuy nhiên); or (hoặc là, nếu không); nor ( cũng không); so (vậy; vậy thì), so then ( vậy thì, vậy), then (vậy); however; therefore , whereas. In addition; rather, in the contrast; on the other hand. 3. Các câu đơn tạo ra Comp.S được gọi là mệnh đề đồng cách vì chúng có giá trò giống nhau về phương diện ngữ pháp. 4. Trong Comp. S hai câu đơn được nối với nhau bở dấu ; (chấm phẩy). Ex. Laura went right home; she was expecting a phone call from her boy friend. III. Complex Sentences Complex S là câu chứa một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hay nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate clause). Complex S thường là câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ hoặ là câu có mệnh đề quan hệ. Mệnh đề danh từ. Persons who practice city planning are called urban planners or City Planners. If he comes, should we show him your finished project that you designed yesterday? The thief ran away when he saw the policeman. HCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSIHCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURETY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURE Ms LY 25 IV. Compound-Complex Sentences - Đây là loại câu có tính chất của Compound và Complex sentences, nó có hai (hay nhiều hơn hai) mệnh đề chính, và một (hay nhiều hơn một) mệnh đề phụ. When the sky darkened, the wind blew and the leaves fell. Call Jack before he leaves the house, or he will forget to lock the door. EXERXISES Exercise 1: Indicate whether each of these groups of words is A. a simple sentence B. a compound sentence C. complex sentence D. a compound- complex sentence E. not a sentence 1. Would you mind opening the door, please? 2. How noisy it is here? 3. Did you help her? 4. He failed to achieve the project he had planned. 5. It is impossible that he should make a mistake like that. 6. Numerous matters are constantly before council for decision. 7. A city council is elected for a specific term during which it is the representative of the people. 8. For these reasons the plan should not be required to be submitted to or approved by council. 9. The city planner is seen as a technical who should not be subjected to political influence. 10. Planners who hold the views sometimes prepare plans for themselves to use as a basis for making recommendations to the city-planning commission or chief executive, but they do not reveal their plans. 11. The owner is required to designate a representative with the authority to make binding decisions for the owner. (54) 12. The contractor is required to examine the plans and compare field measurements with actual measurements; however, the contractor is not expected to examine them as a licensed design professional.(55) 13. The owner is permitted to cancel the contract “for convenience”, but if that action is taken, the contractor is entitled to a reasonable overhead and profit on the incomplete work. (55) 14. Claims are subject to mediation as a first step toward resolution. If mediation fails, arbitration will follow. (55) 15. Understanding the project, not only from a technical standpoint but also the contract and the specifications requirements. 16. The owner is placed in the position of a traffic cop, whereas in the conventional design-bid- build process, the architect acts as the owner’s agent and controls the contractor’s actions to some degree. (272) 17. Both surety and insurance concerns take on much more cautious roles in the design-build process, because their experience to date has been somewhat limited. (272) 18. Combining design and construction in one contract relieves the owner of having to deal with two distinct entities- architect and contractor-and shifts responsibility for both endeavors to one HCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSIHCMC UNIVERSI HCMC UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURETY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURE Ms LY 26 single source, thereby relieving the owner of significant management and coordination responsibility. (272) 19. Architects like Louis Sullivan of Chicago not only wanted to emphasize the simplicity and strength of the steel frame in their works but also tried to make them artistic by shaping them or decorating their surfaces. 20. Sullivan, though claiming originality, drew from the ornament of the past in tall office buildings such as the Wainwright Building in St. Louis of 1890-91. Source: Sidney M. Levy. 2000. Project management in construction. New York. McGraw-Hill Exercise 2: * Change the following into compound sentences 1. You won’t pass the exam if you don’t work hard. 2. Since you wish to have this book, I’m glad to give it to you. 3. Let’s take a walk to the lake so that we may have some fresh air. 4. Even though he tried very hard, he couldn’t get a good job. 5. It was so noisy that I couldn’t sleep. Exercise 3: * Change the following into complex sentences Example: He came in quietly so as not to wake the child. He came in quietly so that he didn’t wake the child. 1. Peter sent his son into the garden so as to have home peace. 2. The reason for his absence was illness. 3. The rain having ruined her hat, she had to buy a new one. 4. The trees growing tall, we have more shade. 5. Weather permitting, we shall have a picnic. 6. Don’t walk out in the rain. 7. Mr. Brown may have lived for five years in France, but he does not speak French very well. 8. For all his wealth, he is not a happy man. 9. She behaves like a child. 10. There was a terrible storm, it was like the end of the world. Exercise 4: * Change the following into simple sentences 1. While I am swimming I like to float on my back. 2. When the sun had set, we went home. 3. Since the weather was very bad, we cancelled our trip. 4. They started early so that they could get to the airport in time. 5. They stay indoors, for it is raining heavily. 6. Children go to school in order that they may learn things. 7. Am I a cow that you should offer me grass? 8. She had done everything well, and she deserved a reward. 9. The new town of Jurong in Singapore for example provides locations of high standard for factories, and industrial development has proceeded impressively. 10. The plan of a new town, as well its general form and structure, depends to a great extent on its main purpose and the concept of design. . UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURETY OF ARCHITECTURE TY OF ARCHITECTURE Ms LY 24 UNIT 9- SENTENCES Simple - Compound - Complex - Compound-complex I. Simple Sentences SV : The