Graphic System Design Considerations (1)

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Graphic System Design Considerations (1)

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Renesas Electronics America Inc. © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Graphic System Design Considerations © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.2 Renesas Technology & Solution Portfolio © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.3 Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Wide Format LCDs  Industrial & Automotive, 130nm  350µA/MHz, 1µA standby 44 DMIPS, True Low Power Embedded Security, ASSP 165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC 1200 DMIPS, Performance 1200 DMIPS, Superscalar 500 DMIPS, Low Power 165 DMIPS, FPU, DSC 25 DMIPS, Low Power 10 DMIPS, Capacitive Touch  Industrial & Automotive, 150nm  190µA/MHz, 0.3µA standby  Industrial, 90nm  200µA/MHz, 1.6µA deep standby  Automotive & Industrial, 90nm  600µA/MHz, 1.5µA standby  Automotive & Industrial, 65nm  600µA/MHz, 1.5µA standby  Automotive, 40nm  500µA/MHz, 35µA deep standby  Industrial, 40nm  200µA/MHz, 0.3µA deep standby  Industrial, 90nm  1mA/MHz, 100µA standby  Industrial & Automotive, 130nm  144µA/MHz, 0.2µA standby 2010 2012 32-bit8/16-bit © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.4  Challenge: “In the smart society we want more information and control over the power consumption of electronic devices.”  Solution: “This class will show how to build a graphical user interface (GUI). GUIs can be used to provide a method for user input and control over power consumption of our electronics” ‘Enabling The Smart Society’ © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.5 Agenda  Introduction  Key System Design Requirements  System Design Discussion  System Design Example © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.6 Introduction © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.7 Introduction  The following items are required for a graphical system  Display – Screen showing desired graphics  Display Driver – Moves pixels from framebuffer to display  Framebuffer – Memory buffer(s) containing graphical content  Drawing Engine – HW/SW responsible for drawing to framebuffer © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.8 Key Requirements © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.9 Key Requirements - Displays  Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)  Most common display technology in embedded systems  Many varieties of LCDs (color, monochrome, grayscale, etc…)  Requires backlight  Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)  Better contrast ratio than LCD  Lighter than LCD  Uses less power than LCD  Electronic Paper Display (e-ink)  Does not emit light  No power required to maintain color  Commonly used on electronic readers (Amazon Kindle) © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.10 Key Requirements - Display Controllers  LCD TFT Controller External  Typically 18 (RGB 6:6:6) or 24 (RGB 8:8:8) data lines  Pixel Clock  Data Enable  Horizontal Sync  Vertical Sync Video Output clk, hsync, vsync, desync and data Timing Controller clk, hsync, vsync, desync and data Additional derived Sync signals [...]... 3072 kB Flash 5MB SDRAM 256kB iRAM Conclusion 34 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved Conclusion  Reviewed key requirements for graphical systems  Discussed different types of graphical systems  Performed an example system design 35 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved Questions? 36 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved ... suited for photographs Supports increased level of compression w/quality tradeoff © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Design Discussion 21 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Design Discussion – Low End System  Display  Monochrome Chip On Glass w/o internal timing controller  Display Controller  80MHz MCU w/64kB SRAM/512kB flash  TFT +... Advantages  More colors, larger displays, and hw drawing engine  Disadvantages  Limited screen sizes and color formats 23 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Design Discussion – High End System  Display  1920 x 1080 pixel 24bit RGB 8:8:8 w/internal timing control  Display Controller      800 MHz MPU 32MB external DDR3 RAM 64MB External Flash TFT 24bit RGB 8:8:8...  Advantages  High colors, large displays, and 3D drawing engine  Disadvantages  Higher cost 24 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Design Example 25 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Example - Requirements Cluster (800x480) HUD (240x320)  Automotive cluster w/HUD  Memory – External serial flash 30MB/s – SDRAM 120MB/s  Cluster – 800... America Inc All rights reserved Approximation of 2.5% overhead Example System - Drawing Time Summary     Cluster Background: Cluster Center: Cluster Gauges: Total Cluster:  HUD Layer 1:  Total: ~0ms 9.6ms 0.83ms 10.43ms 2.1ms 12.53ms ≈ 80fps max  Conclusion: 30fps cluster and 10fps HUD will be achievable with the system design requirements given for memory interface speed, screen resolution,... All rights reserved Example System using a V850 DP4-H  2 TFT LCD drivers  Pixel clock  Req: 22MHz  Max: 48 MHz  Internal SDRAM Cluster (800x480)  Req: 120MB/sec  Max: 480MB/s  Req: 30MB/s  Max: 320MB/s  2D Drawing Engine  Req: 30Mpixels/sec  Max: 480Mpixels/sec 33 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved 24bpp 60 Hz 18bpp 60 Hz Graphic Subsystem 120MHz 2D Drw Engine External...  Drawing Engine  Software  Advantages  Low Cost  Disadvantages  Low colors, small displays, and no drawing engine 22 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved System Design Discussion – Mid Level System  Display  800x600 pixel 18bit RGB 6:6:6 w/internal timing control  Display Controller  120 MHz MCU – 4MB internal SRAM – 2MB internal flash  TFT w/24bit RGB 8:8:8 output... Update Time ≈ 2 gauges* X*Y*(1/pixel rate[MPixel/s])*1.25 0.83ms ≈ 2 *100 * 100 * (1/30MPixel/s) * 1.25 28 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved Approximation of 2.5% overhead Example System - Derive Drawing Time  HUD (10fps min / 100ms max)  240x320 drawn from images in SDRAM (120Mb/s) Update Time ≈ X*Y*(bytes/pixel)*(1/memory rate[MB/s])*1.25 1.6ms ≈ 240 * 320 * 2 * (1/120M) * 1.25... ‘Missing‘ Data Enable Sync for several lines marks vsync (frame sync) 12 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved Key Requirements - Framebuffer Memory  Memory buffer(s) containing graphical content  Total memory required for framebuffer(s) can be significant  Example 640x480pixels w/16bpp RGB 5:6:5 color – Double Buffered • 640*480pixels*2 bytes/pixel * 2 buffers = 1,228,800 bytes... be achievable with the system design requirements given for memory interface speed, screen resolution, and 2D drawing engine speed 30 © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc All rights reserved Example System - Derive Memory Requirement  Cluster  Background: – Framebuffer • SDRAM (one buffer): 640*480*3bytes/pixel ≈ 900kB – Flash: 640*480*3 bytes/pixel≈ 900kB  Center: – Framebuffer • SDRAM (two buffers): . Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.5 Agenda  Introduction  Key System Design Requirements  System Design Discussion  System Design Example © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights. Electronics America Inc. © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Graphic System Design Considerations © 2012 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.2 Renesas. required for a graphical system  Display – Screen showing desired graphics  Display Driver – Moves pixels from framebuffer to display  Framebuffer – Memory buffer(s) containing graphical content 

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Mục lục

  • Graphic System Design Considerations

  • Renesas Technology & Solution Portfolio

  • Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up

  • ‘Enabling The Smart Society’

  • Agenda

  • Introduction

  • Introduction

  • Key Requirements

  • Key Requirements - Displays

  • Key Requirements - Display Controllers

  • Key Requirements - Display Controllers

  • Key Requirements - TFT Timing

  • Key Requirements - Framebuffer Memory

  • Key Requirements - Framebuffer Pixel Format

  • Key Requirements - Drawing Engine

  • Drawing Engine - Primitives

  • Drawing Engine – Textures and Warping

  • Drawing Engine – Fast Memory Transfers

  • Drawing Engine - Fonts

  • Drawing Engine – Image Compression

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