\ci\ fi i\c ( ir r.ror L.r( sL (.,\L lr(x ft r|yr:i r l\l\ll I ll ( ;u l. Gi:i tri hine hoa chinh li su plvin inh sii tri tii t6 (ire nlrrr rinh siing mit trinq l?i su phdn chi6{ A/S mil lrdi. h.n rdi. \\'.t,{ l(r-ll - 1687) lar ntdt troNg nhung ngudi saurg liip ra hoc .nu\ i:r kini t.i tr.ri'rr,l phrii c;' Jiin Jlll (,ng la rrgtrcri ip drrng phLrorg phrip rruii rlonq nghidn ciru khoa hoc dr.rcrc goi li phr.runr l hip khoa hoc t!| nhien . \\'.1'eLt) ^c(i c(ing lao !o lon uong vioc. neru ra li luin r i giu tri lao d6ng. Ong da dua ra ciic phum trii v0 gii ca hing hoit. (i6nr gih cii tu nhiin vri giir ca chinh tli.'lir1 vd1 li thurl-dt giir tri lao dring cua 6ng con nhi6u han che. chlra phin hi.;t drrrrc circ llrrn trir gia tri giri ca vi gid tfi ing rip tlung nghiCn cirLr r,d giri ca m6t bdn lir hing hod. m6t ben li lian tLir 1r\ irn! Inii chir i nqhi6n ciru !e n1all ILftine. C)nq chi eitri hon lao d6ng tao ra gif tf! phu thu6c ldo ddng khai lh{ic ldng ra Lrac. Ong so siurh gii lao d6ng khai thLic ring vi hac r,rii lao l6ng lih.ir- )uo tlirng khric chi tro n0n cuu cai o nrirc dir so sinh \{ii l.r!r dinrg txl) fu lien. \1 ,. \ \\ ,'\l r,, f; : ,,\1 'n- t.1,, t LiLI t],,.t l:' r,'J,,rr! r, r.r:. iri|1r,r , || ,.1,. 1,' pirr' I'rr". ' , ,i.rrrirr,r ti.,, ., , t .ir.'! 1.,. l;, .'. rrr:rn:rrrlrur-r ttt .rr-, Liirr rr-l rlrrt irtlr ,rlrrc rr|lt lrir13 lll sLr phai chiiu cua inh sing r'Dal lf(li dng di khirng lhir clrroc ritng tiin rlo lrirn thrri gian tich lirm hui. rntit b0r li hlLng hr.,l thirng thLlirng. m6t b€n li tidn gi/r cr [\ str bi6Lr hien l'lring tiin cLrtr gii tri- ' lr,, Jr-,lg la clu cirn elit d"ri lir rn t-ua cia cai ddl' lir Iuin -lianr na,l tiCng ',r1rns li Llrul ct gii tli liio <jirng cua 6ng . - XIL \ e nrit cur ciri (giar tfi su dlng) lhi irng dri neu lOu duou rtgu,rrr gic eu:t c,tt. Dir h liL', drlnB curL c,rn ngLriri. Kit hop v,ii veu t6 tF nhien. I)i6u ndv phan hnh' .SX d0 tLio ra cira cii - \t:t vi plrrrtrnr Jir'rr siir tli thi luin diim tri'n li sai. Chinh PeLt; cho rnng giri tli thdi gian lao d6ng hao phi quy dinh nhung sau dd l-ai cho ring 2 rtLr t6 ric dinh gii tri d6 la lao.ddng vii tu nhien. (\rg di rrhirl lln lao dirng riri tLr cAch Li ngu6n gcic cLia giri tri i,iri lao ding tLt c/rch lir ngudn g6c cLia gid tri su dung. Ong chua rh.u I iirrtlrr.r, I nlr 'riri nt!it irr:r ho.rt dun; srrr ru:ir hirrg lrui J,j li lro Ja)n! cu lhi sln \Lrit lllo ding lfirLr tlr(tng I iro d{ing cLr thi Lao |a gih u i sLr .lr,rng cirn lurr dirn! tfiLr tuong !d() r'o gii tl'i. CAU 2. \\. Pott} li nhi Liuh t0 hoc phdn inh bu6c aui d0 tri CNT'I snng K'l C-l lir e 6 ali6n. I rd loi. * l.i IuAn gi.1 ui W.Pc[y lr1)ng thc pham biin ve thui khoi vd li phi (16(12) \\'.1'cn1 nghien ciru r 0 gii ca chia ui/r cd thAnh hai loai giri cri tu nhien vA uii cri chinh L|i. - ( , ir -J lr rl).t'rr u! hrrr. 1'ltr 10,\ LrQrr! q.rt ,.linf r rt n!ng suut licr lons c(i arli1 hLrrrng clerr nruc hao phi do. (iid ca tu nhicn li giri tri ;ua hing hoii- Nhrt vi1, irng la ngurii cliu ti6n tim thil)'co sd cia ai5 ca tu nhi6n li lao d6ng . thi) dtroc quan h0 giria luong giri t|i vd rdng suit lao dQng . -) K6t ludn: Sir luung lao d6ng = nhau bd vdo sdn xu6t ld co sq dd *r sinh gii tri \rint h6r. gid c:r tLr nhiCn (gii tlir- t) le nghich voi NS lao dting khai th6c vdnB r,a bac - Cii ca chinh tri ohinh li gid ca thi tlurrng cua hing hoi phu thuirc vio nhidu ydu t6 ngiu nhi6n vi kh6 xdc dinh . CP lao d6ng lrong giii cs ohinh tri l.hur'rng cac htr[ chi phi lao dong tt otl!: gili J Lrr nhian - ' -l tr1- nhiin li !hu\ et gr ho clirng crir i;ng chiu anh hu(ing cLia CN I l ( )ng chi tirp chung nglrii:n criu nit lurrng . nghia ki rghitln cirLr r i ciri cri nrdt bin la hllr,r hor. mtit h0rr l,r tien tt. Ong uini han gia thiit diio tao gii tri trung lao d6ng khai thdc ving r.i brc. Chc loai lao dting khiic chi so sdnh r,<!i lao d6ng tao la tiin l.j. (;i?i [i hing hrru ll su phun rnh gii Lfi lic tc . - i\'lic dir b! inh huctng cr.ra phii T f nhung trong trLLong phii thi trrrihg Lhr tho. rnrln rrii r.ide dtn thLrin.ltra ra nhrlrg bi6n phlp kinh t6 ha\ chr flLru r.i lai rrhLlrng hien tuong liinh te theo kinh rrghiin: nhiL W.l'c!l) dd tiip carlr \.Ji cric clu\ l iil khiich quan =l nghitn cuir Iinh ruc.sun xuit. - 1'rong nhing t/y d6u tion W.Petty cdn mang neng tu tuqng'l"l \< . I.rln!: tlill ! r it i,i e irrr, tr.r i'rr-,: trr kn,rrr J,r tr" lr ru?' C N l -l . Ong li ngui)i diilr tien nhin n1+ni-r I c kh,ch rlrun ou.r nhlirs qu] hrar r:i( dnnr tnnrc \lllB. Ciu J. Pttv lir ngudiddt ||e rn6 g ch{' giii rri lao (l6he. T!'l ldi. liinh bd} li luiin gio tl.i l!r(' da)ng: Ciiii ca llr rlhien r0 gid ca rhifh tr'! (criu 2t - dng la ngrriri diu tiin di tinr thil chr sfr ciia 8id ca tu nhi0n lA lao ddng, thil dtrtrc qLran hC giiLir lu(rng gii u i vr nlnr.l su6r lao d(ing (rj le nghich ) -) llgn chd mang nirng - Li luin n0) r'ur rin! rli Ju.rc AJirn Snrith ki thui \i plrjr t ien 6ng di d*a ru I rrghidinh rii tr'i u.ro Ji'i li J,' Iao J!'nr tu\ir dinh. gid lri li J.' h"o phi Lr,' donr- di sarr ru.it ru hirn,: h,r, .trrr, r ,linh. lli1.l" K n .l'rrrg Jin rc gir tri nhrrng i lg.i;'phai r.l 1i. ca sin \ual. - D6n Ricando.Ong di phAn biet clLrge hai Lhu6c tirrh cur hang nod \ a dit rtuc rJ uLt lal oil\ dr] : " gih tli cLia hing hori hly s6 luung cLra ntlt hine ho:i nuo dri kh/tc nrii hdng hoii d(' tlir{) dali I; do sd iL(ug lao d(,ng tuirng d,ll .iirt thirt ,le \r.) \.r.,1 r'.r h.rr'" r,,j J ' qrr-ru. J rh , rr. tlr: r,l nquvln nhlln crrlr hirrrc hriir c:r) r.lii tri trlr Ji'i. Ong da ( ti( ii MaN(j n(')t ich {iilirrh rirrg gii tril'rirrng hr}il !iarn Llri rrirrrSr sLrit lao dOng ling l.;n {JLt doiur thiin l.ii cun \f. l'ctt) iJi duLrt r'ug lLr0n chimg ) - ( hr krri ,lin \l.r rt itrr! rn,'i oh:rr lri, t ,u .' l i\ | r'lr ((r'r lr:, r' hori clir ki gii tli su clung liL gid Lli c(i slr thorg nhril hii.n churlt. I)i1 la chia drl khoh gidi qurit nrot lort !'iii ' ir ila tr'()ng KlNll Nhu v,ry. W. lrclt) di dirt ndn nr(rng cho hing holi gii tli 'lir nhirng li luin cLra 6ng. clc nhri kinh te hoc d.r ki thrfa !n phat Lridn li luin d6 rd klri dLroc hoir rhi0n Lrdi Ma rk. di1 li c6ng lao to ldn clra ong. CAu 4.Ad. Smith Ii nhi li hin gi6 tri lao tl6ns soue li luin eii lri cia 6oe vin chua dusc nhi6u ri sai liur. 'I ri ldi. * Li luan gi.i tli cr'ra Adam. Smith. .\JJrnSrnitll { |7: l- |7o0l J.l md r.r ;ru. l,,:rl nh.,r rfiilr nrrr r.: sLr phiil tfien clc hoc thLr) et kinh ta. Ong di siu phin tich ban ch,rt de tim ra cic clul luiit sr.r "-rin dring cua ciic hiclu tLrcrng |i cie que trinh kinh ta. SF rirt $.1)clt-\ r.r tIu.irr;1'h.ri tt1.,n! nnnr. l) tLr.\iL gi.r th cr l:r,' Jon$ cuir 4.\rn:tlr i,' lnrtri tiin J n', *' ( uing cht ll f!t):.1 ril ca crc l,riri lJ'' (l 'rli '.rrt rtr.il .iiu Lir,. rr rtir tri . lao d6ng II thLrtic do curii cung cLra gih tii. - Ph6n bi0t lrl ling gi,r lfi ru dung \,,r giri tri lfao dOi vu kdinh. (iil lfi su dung khdng .lu1 dinh gii Lli h'&) d(ii. Ong birc br) quan .licrrr iclr lgi qu)cl Jinjr giri Lr'. trLrr',.lui - Khi phrin tich giar t.i hdng hoi: (iiir tri dtroc bi0u hi.:n r: giir Lri Lran doi cuu hinr.: hll tr',rrtt nrrli (lL.rr rr( \,ii .,i lu"r' : hirrt: lr,'lr kh-dc. cdn tfLJng nen sln sudt ir.rng lroi ph,rt tr.in rr,' Ju,rL hiiLr nlen ('l|en. - Ong chi ra lLrong gii tri hdng hoe do lao dirng hao phi lao d6ng trung binh can thi€t quy dinh. l,ao ddng giiin don vd lao dting phfc tirp iinh huung khAc nhau den luqng gii tri hang hoir. lri,ug cing mQt thdi gian. lao dQng chul en nrdn. phuc t(rp \a tao ra m6t luong gii tri nhieu hon so vdi lao ddng co chul.€n m6n ha) lao dOnB gii.ln dsn. - l'hrin bidt giri ca tu nhitn r n giii cil thi ulLilng I gii ca Llr nhiin la tri0u hi0n: tidn cua gi.1 tfi. Ong l(hirng dinh hrinr hoi du<rc bin theo gid cd tlr rrhi0n. neu gii ca dti ngang vrii muc ciln thict di tro cllo lien luong- rJia tir. r ir loi nhuln . -l heo r'rnu giii cr tr.L nhiir lti l lul tanr. gii tu thi urhn! l-r !,i:l t'.in thr.te Li.rr:r :rrr!h,,.rr:i ri., nil nhit ttirrii pir uir trr nniin lihiJuuc du f.l tlri 11u,411 ',,,1 ,', luong dLr "thoi m rn llrong ciiu thuc le' - (iiii cr tlr nhitn c(i ti|1l') chAt khlch,.1r-t:rn cirn l iri cr tlri tfrni.l! ph!r tlr.r6c rjn nhr.rnt.rrrr ld nhlr quan h9 cLrng ciu r a circ loai quun h.; dLrcrng khltc . + VlAu thudn ld sai linr : - Dua fa hai dirlh nghia: I *girl tli to;in diim Li ikr lao ddng qu), dinh. giii LIi lir do hao phi lao d6ng d€ san ruir ra hing holi qd'. + Ci6 tri cda m6t hdng h6a = s6 luon-e lao tl6ng nrd nho hirng hoa \ I Jri cti th0 mlta tltLirc . - r l):i1 ,i cli€u sai liur. lirin quiin cllu Adam. Snrith. Ong di tlua riro hien tri("ng. nrrlt bin ii chLr nghia lao dirng cllo nhi\ L$ ban. mot L.c:n ll'r nhti trf ban tftr lultng cho cin_s nhen. - \ r 1.,r. !hinir l. utrg .:'rr t"i lri,r. h".i . lh(,, i'.r! uf irg .'rn \uir ILL biir chti rlLhil. tiin llr(rrg. lr-r-i nhuitt r ii tlia tt'r li liu ngua)n ga)c -1iu tiau cu!.dr(rl t[Ll nl']i'rp- ci[rg r]h(r cirx m9i 1.lii ui1zlc dor-!I. A. Smith coi rian I!(, r19. loi ihuin \ ii clid ta lir nguon gdc ddu tier : tlir rrui rh.r rrlriJ'. J,i li !u:r' Ji;nr .Jurrg Llnn. S,rrrg ring l.ri linr o Jha) coi cio khoan thu nhiip lir ngu6n girc dau tien cia mo; gi6 tt i lric iirng. Ong ciir lln kln hli r rin c10 hlnh thinh gii ui vir phin phor gii tri- hon nird. fln_s cing \en1 tl'rudng tu birn bdt bitn d: coi siil lr i r() { \ -n) ) cau 5 r. :rnit! tli sai lirn tr'orr.g quan ni6m vi ro tiu qi6 tri. ririr.l.do clii bh:ic phdc \,:i siiA chfr'a sni l:im d6 nhirns viin chua tiiet d6. lri ldi. - Ndu li.luin cua A. Snrith vi ccr ciu gi/r tli (cdu tren) I lan chi: chi cri r i nr. khirng crl c. - l).r, iJ. Il,e.rrJ,.Ll.l ptr l).,ljnlr rilr,'rg lriir Lli. klri,rrg nhit qurn Jlcnr \ i (ir( \.r( Jinh !ir Lfi c!.a \. sn)ith { gi.r thiit bi.urg rao -ldng mLra rlLroc ). l). Ilicaxlo kien tJinh r rii quan dien: lao cl6ng lii ngrlilu gdc gi.i tfi. ca)ng llo lo l{'n cua Onll dii dLrcrc dirng trtn iluurl Jia'nr Ll(i Ji \ic dinh li luin kh(i.r hoc cuu nlinh. t)a)n_c. thoi .'rrr,l;irn\: phi ph;in r\. jrrith ehrr ring giri tri Irr Llr cac nSurln sdc {hu nhil h('f rh:lnh. lhco 6n.r !iri tlj hirng hoi lhong phtri do cic rrslra)r thu nh.il) ho| thinh nrii nelrrrc lai duoc phlin thanh circ r.uri'n thLr ill)if. Vt co cau gi6 tri hirng hira. ong cirrrg cri 1' ki€n khlc vrii sai lirn $ii', Jiin cu.t A.Smith hr, e lu rrgr'.ri ,.riu lnicl lrJn! hoJ. ( )r! (ho fing : lia thia'l hang hori kh6ng chi d() lao don-ll tl.trc tiop tao fa nrir cdn lrl l.lo d6rg crirr lhidt trLr(rc d(t nira nhu lriy n')c. nhd .rriin:.:Il,rL,,Ilj(., l,ii.r i,;( I - , h. . ,, Jir. \ li m.ii h,rinrhrrrlr -1ooc cdng lhiLc tinb giii dri6t hin! ho.'L: c+vnr. . l(ic.rrJ!' di Lo rrhimg rrh6rr \ct tiin gin Jcn loi nhudn lq. dng rho rlrrg nhirng tu bin c6 dl,ri lLrong : nhau thi dcm l?i lqi nhuan nhrr r.lriu. \hrrn8 cirrrg lihdng chung minh rluui ri dng hiiu dutrr gid cir sdn xudt. I heo dng slr chenh iech giDa gi6 cd vAr gi6 tri ld ngoai 16. rrcn lhuc te chr c6 -si6 tfi chu kh6ng c6 gi6 cA sen \uat. N{i dri chi ra co cliu la h6o gi6 tri thang dlr thinh loi nhudn bc vir ri tri hirrg. huu tl)!fih gii ca sirr ruit uong,Jic kian t{ Jo crnh Lr.irh. lil Li. Vi.1d:ili ,1rr1it du(.'r nhiitr vin di rni eic nhi Lrhh trudc khdng \ u(rt qua drrLrt. Ceu.6. TJreo.r\. S ith tid|l luong, loi nhuin, alia td li ba. ngudn go( (liu tien (ria Inoi thu nhio ri cung la ba neu0n s6c dAu 1ion ciia noi si{ tri thdi di6m. Adanr- Srrrith- l)ienr \uil phiit tfong \ iic phrin tich !u lurrng nar) iir nhin t6 "ctru ngrriri Linh li'theo (]ng biLo clrill cua con nguol lir lrro da)i v,! r lir,, !l\,n! ulr,' nltirr thr nrrn4 rir hr . hi 1rh,ii bni l(.ri iflt cil nhdn. mdi nguui chi biit tLr lgi. cha) theo ru ioi. Song khi d6 c6 nr0t ''bdn ta.y- vO hinh"bu6c con gudi kinh t€ dong thui ddp irng duoc loi ich xi hoi thim chi cdn t6t hm ngay cd khi h9 du dinh tu iiLioc. \r,r o.\rr rur rri lrinh li gi thco n. Smith 116 li srr hoar dgng cia ilic quJ luiit kinh te khiich quan. Ong goi he thriog c6c quy luat Jr'' ld trir lu tu rrh,irr 6ng uhi rr diiu ki"rn cin lhi;f cho Liu qu) luit li't qur f' ' r(li,nsli nhii c" su khic r i J'hat triin cru srirr \Lr;t hing hoi \r'i ld hiing ho.i. \Cri kirrlr t. |hii dtLoc |h:it triin tralr c(r \(! l!i (lo kir)h ti- trr iio rrrarr Jirh . Lliririr lti giita nglfiri |iri nguiri la iluan hr binh dalns r i Linh t'l. l hco rrns chr cri chu nghia tu l:i ni{" li ri lroi . o Jrr''c rrnirn-i Jierr lrirt rrrrrr r i). .r r:r} ijhu righilt llr b nlunrol.\ilrOi dlroc irr ijfng tr'c cr) s() (lLl_\ luA! tu nl']lan. cdn ciic ri hoi chitnr hiLr nrl li.,si hoi phong kien ld kh<lng binh thrLong tlr d6 aing cho lirng Nhi Nuoc kh6ng n€n can thidp vLio l<inh td theLr 6ng nhd rur'rc cri chc chiLc ning blio \,6 .lu)'en sa hifir tu nhetl. diu tranh ch,irlg kc thi tr'ong vd ngoi\i rluilc. Vai trd nlri nu(ic duow\\ ic the hien khi nhirng nhienr \. u kinh t6 rLrot clui siLc cua doanh nghiQp. A.Snith cho ring chinh sich kinh tC phi hirp rdi tr'6t tLr tLr nhi0r lar tu do canh tfrnh. * j ughia: ' \'e l,l]it li luan lir ccr su,ld cic nhu kinlr ti ehinh tfi i1r)c r.ru lhiit trien. - Jrong phLii trin c6 dicn co li luin cru Nli. chJll -) dua |'il li tlrulil rirr hin! r,1,)i q.ut. - Chu nghia !u do moi ke thLJa nroi phit t|iin db 1.1 kinh tet rip lhe cong hoA li€n bang dirc. Kdt irgp nguy0n lalc trL do \di ngu\dn Lile 'rOnS 0atlg \U nl.ll tfen lt. - Sarnncllson la ngut-ti dir su r,lr,rng nen li thu\ aL r C crr chi thi Lruo-ng tu dn c,inh trunh. . \d mat thudn tion: Dii rrii nrrdc ttr churcr, J6i co caLr linh ti tu rn,lt nirr kinfr td,,hr hur th.u;,; uhi rip ti,: .,' 'Lr qrrrn L urr- \lr. nLrdrl\(t cir. rons {.rr di I'u" ri .!r ,1" k'nl,.l,l Ci! 8. l(evnes lii reudi s:ine lip ra li lhul6l kinh rd r i m6 iiia,f i.T : l-i-iilii?;1 .h,ius -iuh l fi ldi. - I heu Kr1 nc. r:in ,.li .1u:rrr tru rg nlrrl. ni:or r e,.r . rit .l 'i ' ('.': chu nghia lu b.in l;l khdi iLr;ng th6t nghiip r ir r i.Ac lim. \ i r ir r i tli rrurrr: tinr r,r,'n' ti r\ulL:r l.ir'h ti t,' r,''r,,: Li li rrr.rrct . ii. linr' . ]j thu) Ct cua 6119 dii rncr rc c0 nrirL gia d)nh nr(ii tfolrg tiirl lf|lrlr nhrl tr.cl] l'urrrr krrtI ti Itr h.ur, i I ri lhrrl rr.r|l*: r., trrirr'. lin tlruc tiin l. fr\)ng d(i phli kdddn li rhirl& kinh l0 \i nr(1. \a h3 thr5ng cliiu tiil cu:r tluirn-l NhA nrrric. firrg biiLr hi.in irri rch rl l,r c(irlg lrinh sLr cuir chLi nghid tu bin Lluirrs Nlri nudc. - Dac dienl n6i Lriit cua hoc tlrufi:L Kcl ncs ltr dur r! LrhuJ;rs phrif phdn tich vi m6. Iheo ong r i"ic phtir riclr kinh ti phLri ruit phriL tu nhitng cic noi lutong l(in dC tim fa cdng c!l iic ding \ ii(' khuynh hunng. liim phiit trierr rroi lurrng. - Kc'ynes drra ra nr6 hlnh kinh tt \i d (;i nroi rlli luong - D4i lucrng-ruit phit: kh6ng phrt trien hoa. plrirt i.lien chiml nhu cic ngu6n v/c: I'L sdn xuit. s6lugng sld- tfinh cl,i chu-v-Cn mdn hoii cua chu nghia. ccr c6u chd dd xi h6i ) F Dai luqn€ khi bi6n dQc Iip: nhring khLrl nh huon3 tinr li r ti." kiem, td. deu tu ) nhdn nil, ld co so hoat ddng cua mi) hinh.li ddn biy cho su hoal ddng cLra cic tti chuc kinh te. +.D4i luqng khiL bi6n phu thu6c \,ro: cu lhi hoir tinh tlang cuu ndn kinh td ( s6 luqng. quan gia. thLr nhip qlLiin diirr.) I<: c+s Q c+l =l ,S R-Q + r,i6c di€u ti6t r i rnii rrhirn giiii c1uy6t vi6c liinr. tarn! lh! nhiJr d;'i hoi teng I. girlr S t ri nhLr rir rnLii ri:ri . u\il Jrn,i li. i luong thlt nghiep. I l-i thuyel ve \ iec ldm cua Ke)'ncs Khi vi€c |rim phhl trian len thi lhlr nhip lhuc LC phalt b ian -) phln triin ti€u dirntl 'rhurr,'l tAc di llhit triir Liiu J.rrr=;hrnr lrrrn t,lc .li nlrir tfiin thu rrh.ip rin ri, kh,Lrnh hLr,vnt tiit krLtrr nr,-,r phi,r llu nhilr. l)u dr' (Jc Jrrrrrrlr n,:lri":1. ri hi rlrr,:r Ll rr.iL' \.r uun! l,,L , bQ s6 lugng lao dQug ting rhdm. Nau muOD khic phuc tinh nrLng nirl cin pnai kich.thrch (luiin chung tri'u,rurrr Lhcm phin L,it kiem cira h9. vti cAn phdi c6 nrQt luong t6i brn dau t$ de kich thich cdc chri doanh nghiQp sri dqng s6 lugng lao d6ng phit [fi6n th€m. Kh6i lLiong tiii bdn diu tu phu thu6c vio sd thich r1i.r tLr cira nhd kinh doanh mi s0 thich dAu tu p'ru thu6c viro hi6u clua gi6i hirn oria 1'll (hi6u qu?i girli han cua'l[3 cir xu huong gian d€nkhi binglii suir t du .lo rJi.phin tich li thLrrit ehung rirrtL l,rnr ph,ri sarng t(; cic li thuyor \i khutnh hudng lieu Jirng. hi":u quti gi6i htn cur'l 13. - Kltulnh hoting titu dun-t uiiii han: a Khu\nh hurin:' li:u Jr,n,'I'h.l thu',( rjr' . t,'r. rrhr.rl . rrtr-rn r,, klriuh qrrun arrlr lrLr''n! l,ri Lhrr nhin su h.'xt .h'n!' irh.rl rl'| |l r;. r cirng danh nghia. srr phiil triCn chenh ltch girir thu nh:ip virr thLr nhip vAl nh[n{ nhAn [a) chu qulrn anl] huring dOn khu\ nh hlrrinr rhu dU phdrlg clirng.cho luong lai. i Khul nh hurirrg LidL kifm phr.r thr.r6c rrio : dring liLc kinlr doanh. al6rg luc ri€n nit. r16ng luc cai tion vi <l6ne lfc thdn trong r'6 tai rhinh. . -r Khu\rh I rt.rng srl .lqng giui harr li khurnh huJrrg plriu chiu thu nhip tarng thom chrr ti6u dirne -k- hieu dc/ dR =) {lrirl nl' huring n 1 ,'u 5.1 nJon! giunr tlin nghi.r lj eurrg r ui sr: .irrg lin . Lrir tltu rrltril' thi tiiu dirrg tin-q li.r nlrrrrrg r ,ii t,;c rti Jhlnl hon. r i phiin tiru nhAp talng lhcln dc|n phAn chia cho ti€r"r .lirnlr il.hol).lir d6 iilo khoan{ cich !:iira ti6u dirng ta thLr nhap irl li tiit kidrn. Khi do khulnh hitirng tidu ding gioi h4n gitinr J)n .'r'rn khLrl nh hLrring tiit kidnr eir'ri han tang din -) su thi6Lr hul :i,t t.ri J ,rr= l:r rrltrri r! r itrh r i.irt ctr., rn,ri nirt sln rtrit I gdr fa l(l)ung honng. thit nghiCp. ' Lii sLrirt r r\ hiiu quir gitli han cir:r tu ban. I ii .uit.rrr \u rf:r c"n!, ho.i, irr r.rr \,r lrr phirr Ihur'nS ehp -so lIirh chi liaii 1$ I'ln- liorlg r]in kinlr t6. kii srrdt tr li rghiclr 'rli sr'r lLlrne tiin ein Lhi t tlong lLnr th6rg ( ilang- I giaIlt). lhc('Jitir'lsiincuirr0ncliLr tuthi hiClr qult cua lLr bxn ' sa ,niaui din rii rir,lurre _!oi lar "lri.iu rluc giiti hrn cuir trr ban - ve! Irir'u urr,lr,ri h,.r'l tlf b.rn l., t,Lrart h,. griru ph.rrr lrri t|itrr rung J.r(( J n, ,r l,, r:l_,Lir, \i I'o.r,n-c ( (j I tu hlrr, r.r r.' phin rli srrr \uet f.r d{rn vi d6. - (i'rrl jr C.irr r.r:5r'nhin1:, 11 5rigirii,tocdoLirrglhrrnhap\i lar g cliu 1rr. Nti xrr <1ung.su gia ting diu hr d0 lirm cho gia ting thLr nh:ip l0n bro nhiclu lin. NdLr rlll r gi.L tirng thLr nhdp I L)l:giir talrlg d?liu tu h: sir nhin = )K= dlliLll \i(s-Lll )h' ill{ rl1 ll{'clS' Lll{ Jr J{tidtt-d(,dlt I r-dc1dt{ -1 lvkr hinh s6 nhin phdn 6nh +ran he gialu gir ttng thu nhrip voi gir rdng d,!Lr tLr theo Kcl ncsDrii srJ gia tarnS cila diu tu deu kdo thr,, \u !r.r Lin:- Lur.ju hL, \u,ra uu r!. (jr ri ll S\. ll,r rir lirn linr Lriu liiL.lirrrr. tr'rrrr riu hinA. tirrrl ,,ii. l.rtr clt,' eotts nhin. l6l can diad dii linr cho tlru nhap [in8 len. I)on luctt n(). tSng thu nhip lui lir riirr Lli ('ho tdnF JiL, (rr nroi. * Cdc tluirng phii nh6n manh vai trd cua Nhd nlrarc. ' CNl1': Khi chu nghia tu bin moi ra ddi, tdi san da dua vdo Nh2r nlrlyL dL trch lLrj vun ' i Nhr nrruc ncm duong vi ngoai thurlng. di la lLriit ld. c,;s, ki6nr soit bu6rl birr gi6p ts thu dugc loi nhuan Lir hoal ddng ngoai thuqrlg . - lloc thu:Cl cua Kc\ ncs: h.tLdc cuoc khLlng horing 29-3i -) dua fa \lli llir tAl ]'dir cuu NhiL rrr.rllc. 1'." hii nutil l|rtng circ c/\ \'i nra) se kl);. f rlr, ^lltr '{l'rrrr,,: ,'r',li"lr '-]rrS l'rrrntu-r r'lirr nlunh \:li t|ir cua Nhli nLti'tr. -{ lrLr rr!hJtrr rl. l\i,rll l,i \r.r nrr,,cclrr c.rrr rhi"_prrr,rlinh tirr mqlt miLc de., nhirL Jinh VD: Nin kinh t0 tr f)irc, Nhd nunc can thiep theo hai nguy€n tic: ha r[(Y \ ii tuong hqp. - Samuclson: coi tr'erlg cii co che tap the vi]r Nhi nuoc: Nhi nroc ph:ri cri ehirc rirg (un lhiip aliiu tilt kinh ti rhLrrg li)n trl)ng qu) luat kinh t6 kit qLra cira kinh 16 tep Lhd. ( liu 9. \ rri tri cia NhA nuric trong n6n kinh t6 h6n hop cia Sanuelson. frd lqi. 'Ngu)Cn nh6n: oo chd rlp Lhd tirn rai nhnng khuy6t 6t v6n c6 nhu 6 nh&ng lVl l rnA doang nghi€p kh6ng phii tla gi{ cho sfr hu! ho+i d6. nharng thit bri thi lflrilrlg do duong gdy ra.,tQ nan nhu khring hoz\ng. thdt nghi6p. phLrcrng ph6p thu nhip bit binh dlng Co hf th6ng thcing tin mang l+i-) can ci) slr can thiep cria Nhd nuoc r Vai tli\: .l clrirc nirrg chinh. l. I hiir lzip khtL6n khO I'l-: ('p cii la chc qu) tic lfo ch(ri kinh t6 Ina chc doalg nghi6p. ngr.Lrri Liiu dirng r.ii cii ban than CP cing i.lrii; turin thu. lJrL'lji'r'qu\ ciinlr rc tirsal lu\ tuc'ihrrprJnng. vi iroat ddng kinh doang tt 6ch nhiem vA aa nhing qu! dinh t'.en nhi€u linh vuc khhc nhau . dri Id nhirng ngu)Cn tic su su chu6c loi moi nguiri ph:ri tuin the,-,. 2. Sua ch,ira nharng rhAt bai chu 1ip rhe dcr lip rhd lroat darng !o hieu clua: - Str clrn thiep cua ( l' dt han ch6 dLrrrng. danr bao tich hir:ri qur cua canh tmnh tip lhi - \rrr nur't( lili Jr.,nr hJn rr ':ll rirrtr: Jin Jir lrll krk'lc nir_.r ,l.t:l cua ciic hoat da)ng thi trudng va ddi hoi \hd uuric phLii can rhitp .l'tic dQng b€n ngoiri rrir ra khi doanh nghiip hoie con nguiri tao ra chi phi loi ich cho doang nghiep khirc hoirc lgutri khlc nli cac ctuunh nghicp h,'uc tic ion rrlu,.ii do khorrr 1111.111 jlxr; tl.1n= si ti0n cin duoc tra hoic khdng phai tra. - CAn phai danr blo r itc siin \Lrll ciic hdn! h(ii cing cirnu l rr rlhiu lhuons kh(ing nrurin srin rLriit hrinr: hria crinr: do loi iclr Si(-r; hirn thu dLtdc lir fit nho. Inil co nhiCo h.rnc h(jl ein! ca)ng car ( rghi.r r,'i Q-i:1 rlr,r r11'. 1 1' tr.lt trr tr', rt: r',n,. r,:. ! lr,. r- | r! giao cho tu nhin Ju!rc. Do d6 ca) phir phli san surit hrng h,j| cong cong. 3. Ddnr bao s!. c6ng bing : \rL phan lrt'i. bir birrlr Jinp si,rh |u ti u,-' chi ril' ,h: Ii .tir \ i(,. CP phai thOng qur cs phAn ph6i thu nhiip.cong cu qLran trong nhlit cija Nhi n[6c ld thuO lu]i ti6n vd lr.rri an toiin bio vd ngrrtri khdngma) khoi hi huj huri rilinh ri I)i,i klr; Irf.i(inriir, ding, tro cap thAl nghiQp. J. orr Llrnh k,nil tc \ inr,r: \irl ,l. rt.rrr rr.'.,,, ,'.rr . r.r kr||'r ti ' i rtri, lii : khirng nrL<!c nao trong nrrit tho siiln Jai cri thi dLroc kjnh doung tu d(J. larn phit thit nghitp rir r iic lirn drir du. Nen kinh te luirn grlp [hung hrxing chr.r lii l)o cki cp - l.ling cirtcong erL li nrir nhLr c/s tai khoh- tiin lq sa g6p phin in dinh ntii tr rrirnu kirrlr te Vi n'r6 =') r'ai trir: dr.r1 t|i ting lntuin-! (in Llinh. Liem chi lilnr ph6r. + Nhuoc dienl cud bin.tay hiu hinh d(i ll dLLirng. bao Lhi tri Lii. cd nhiing khi sai lim r,e dLtirng l(ri. Do vil phii kCt htlp ca hai cir chd tfp th6 x{c dinh gii cii sin lr.rong trong khi dri oir phdn diOur tiot tAp the bing cic chuong rlinh thud. chi tieu \'ar lLrlil 10. CAu 10.thd-i ki tictr lui nsuv6n thui cria chii nghia tu bin cfine li thdi ki th6os tri crla CNTT 'IiA loi. - CN | | lir ht thnng qL'rn diim tu trrn-! kinh ld ddu Irtrr crru uia. cap tu sdn, lnd truoc het ld tang I6p tu san thuung nghidp. N(r rr dqi trong lhoi ki trn rr cua P ISX phorrg kii . Dn l; thoi ki chuyen $ nen kinh le gian dun sang nen kinh te hAng hrxi lu friin chrl nghia hay cdn goi ld th(ii ki tich lul: nguldrr thu), ru ban - -l'hdi ki tich luj nguyOn thlri tu ban chu ngh'ia ld thLri ki rao ft nhtrng tien d0 cho su ra ddi cua PI SX tu barr chu nghia. K. Nla Jd chr ru rirrg,li eh, chrr nghi:r rr h.irr r',li'; thi nhri.il ei. l.ur cJid:u ki€n dri h I lich luj dr.roc nrtlt luoug tian nhat dinh dC tr(i lhinh ttr nrir. l'rai eiui pl',,rtg Jrr,'c '," lri,nJ,1. rnr thJrlr h.lrt hoa sld:) quiLlr tfong I lai tien dd nri,v cti tu khi kinh ti hing hoi.ra tloi . rrhLrns su fa dcri cua n6 rit chi-rn chap vi r i; khi giai cirp tLr san ra dni url su dprlg pha,rng phip nur' luc rlhtr ttr'iu (i,,at rl)J'.! ng.tii ,tr' ',u.it rrhu. buon han uo ii.i.i .lcn l)i thu; JJil rir.r,r,r eh.rng sr, r'rr J, , cur hai tidn Lltitfln )clr ciu tip rhc uriii lhiri \i n:rr li su r:r tiui cua chir n-ehil lin rh6. h"i li thrrung nghiifl nrdng lri ch,) cirr c.rp tu-sin nhi€u lqi rhuin. Dic biet t.('lg th.ji kj nd) \,oi nhirng phiit ki€n dia lidi ldn th(rc hoal ddng ngoai thLrong tu d(r cho thiy sLr ouun trun! cia huilt donc neoiri thrr(rn =) Ddi hdi c6 hoo thuyet nhrr vAy =) CN.l-l th6nS rri lrcng thoi ki rich lui nguy€n thui 'l B. '=) Va)' !6n dd tich lu! ti6n cd )i nghia cuc ki quan lrorlg cho str ra doi cua CN'I'B CN'i'l lit nhdn chring dlLr tidn cho. tla,"- rich lu j nguy€n thui tu ban chLi ighia. * H4n ch€ vd vai trd cira CNl'l'. - Nhir nuoc luin cliinr cua (lN l1 cti rit it gc ii lurin lir thr.rr'rrc drtur'niu hin rlrnri lrrnh thue r,ri lhrr-rir thLrr tiin ri c.s kinh rc. rr luan mang nlng t/0 kinh nghi€nr. -) kh6 Lrrr thinh li lu6n chr.rng dLroc.( rhidu tinh khoa hoc ) - CN I"I chr bdnr siu rr linh vuc luu th6ng nrx chua di seu ricr linh r rrc san ruirt nhirDu kir lLrin cho rin_e tich lu! riin ti phdi thi'rng ciL,.t ho!t ding tlrrtrn-t ntai. cr\r-r hinr hoii chr li phucrne tiin ltrm rang tJiu r i ricn ti- lzi sai linr r i lrnr rh6ng chi lA m6i lhdu trong quii trinh san \Lrdr- ndh chri nghia Ldp rh6 chi Odri Ouirf rtii r d btn ngoai ni chrra di siu n6i dung bin h.ong. IIo chua lhJr lhiti qt:r *.rrr\uiir nt6i co loi nhuin. ''liong luc d6nh gi6 cao ngrhg. ho d6nh giri thdp vai trd Nhi r t';. r i rh.r rrrhirr. (i,i nhu n-rinh tlun-e gicn. chu nglriir kh6rrg .rr.,i l.l nllr'rrr gj. i,':' i"i (rri (hu n!:hii khili Lll6,J \ing. hx() - I lo chLLa thll duqrc nhirng qui, IuAr kinh te kh6ch quan th6ng tri trong ddi s6ng kinh t€. ' \'ri trr' . \li- Jl.hrr.r I.ier Jir qrr-r lrrit ki,rlr ri ri ,,n hrn -lri ,Li trrrr r l: ,. .rrrrr,_'trL llL' r ,luun,JiLrnl I irrl rc.Lr_r rru,rng phr'ri I I cl;i.Lro n rhilng riil di li lu"rr kinh tC \ir hi)i cho cltc ii luiin liilh li lirl i|,i t,r,, r,rr hiiLr nli rr chir hrr iltrrr rr quan cli&tr: 'u liarrr c(; [hirrg ph:ri la rr gtsd nrti li ricn. lu rLr(rng NhA nuiru ,ran.lhiCi) ll[t ) s|lu t]r) vin JLlng. - l)r,i \ni l.lp rlri rhr ra t^i.irr pir:rpch,r gi.ri riplrr5inrr(.hlu-i JLt,.tc r,,r, ,.jrrr rr urp rir, r.rr'lr',.rr;' r,t rriit. \ll(, lrih Iui Llltuc '.1ll tlt ,l,irt rrli Lirrl. ti.r,,,r nrr.r tr,, ,J,r Jtit.tprlljnhJi trng ;r rrii thLlong. Iin ngoai LhLrtrn-e rnu I l juoncheticn ,,n6i thuqns', m6t h6 th6ns 6fls dan, nsoai thuone t[:i\ born. \lu6n lins cd ciii Dhdi c6 nsoai thuung nh:iD (l:in (rit c;ii (|ua n6i lhuu.ns. r|a ldi. I,ip thr crru ulr.r rrriri.r rip rhc dri li ho u, 'i tr\.,n! tiin r.c. ho coi tiin le nhu li thuoc do ti€u chudn cua su giiu cri vd moi su h ng nranh cua nr6t quric gia. Do di) muc rjich kinh ti crla m6i nu<rc r]ti .i, Th,r l:1lg kl ridl ri. Nhi nu,ru, ang nhiiu riin thi cing eiAu c,i: ho coi hdng hoh chi li phLrqng tidn tdne kl ridn td. Ho coi tidn ld Jri b du\ nhet cua cira cdi. riiu chLrdn de drnh giA moi hinh thfrc h.urh ght h(rrL Jang righi rrghicp. nhafng h()!rt da)ng nio nlr khi'ng clln din tich lu\'t.ip the lir hort cl6lg kh6ng c(i kyi. hoat I ,n: ti.ll- .!tr. Il . rt rr:'hr r',,i'. .ir rtrur rr-:ltc r|Lrn5 Ailrn nlrr_rn; h()ar da)ng ti.h c$c \ar lioh cuc ri rrghi rl)ng khirng l)rn Lirng hu\ qiarrr cua cai. Iroat cl0ng chLr lghia thi khdng thd la ngu6n g6c ctla .iri ( lr'Lr ch! nghi! I'hai thrc Ving biic ) do dci na)i thrrong chi c6 .rlc Junc Ji ,.hu.ri'ncLincii tr(,ngnu(ru(h.( khon$ Lh; lanr rang aua Cdi tfong nu6c. - Khrli lucrrrg tie:n ta chi cd the gia ting = con duong ngoai throns. lfong hoat d0us ngori thu()ng phrii thuc hidn c,/s xuit 'rcur \uil Ihrcr \||irl tl| |li.r( lh l\it tr'oFqthurntg cho rinc ln; nhuln tao ra cho linh vuc lrru thdng n(i lar kot !luii vi6c nua it bdn nhiau. rrua fa bin dal md c6 v. ) \g(ui thlr(rtrg lir rirne lrre tung k inh ti chri,ri.u cua merr nLroc. kh6ng co ngoai thucrng kh6ng th€ tAng duqc cua crii . Ngoai lhu,:rng duuc vi nhu rn6y bom dua lutrng tidn nudc ngodi vdo trong nu(ic =) Quan di0m nl) ddnh gi6 cao ngoai tlrrrong xem nhe n6i Lhorrns ri 6ne chr chir J din linh vrc ILru thdng ( f-[l-T) md chua lriiu Ju,.rc t, 'ln bi qu! u in h :tirr ruit \ ir bLr{rc jhu\ in iua ! iLlr tr,, .rlui nhui.r J,, Li.i, ;t s.rn rr.'lt t:irri plupsi'n',,r liranEcI n(li thtftrng r,!l ng?loi thu(rng. - lich luj tiin ti chi Liruc hitn dlr(rc dLriri sLr gi(rp dr.i cua Nhri fludc Nlla nLrrie uirrr dr're quyin vi rrgoai thrrting. thdn-e qua !igc lao dieu kian ph6p li cho cirng ty thLr(rng mui d6c qir1.0n bu6n b6n rrii r:,,rirc ngoii. Ceu 12. Hojin riinh lich sii ra ddi crin chri nshia tip th6: Irii ldi. - Vi mit lich sLr: tich lu\: nguv0n thui cuu chir nghia tr birn(ciu l(1) - ' i nli,r iu tJ,rn!: l)li(,nr triu phrr l.,trrrg ehJnr trt tu rng dcn toi rh,i' t.unL c;'.,hu rr rirla drrr vir chorrc lai ci( thu\atSiao duy Linr cua nh, thd nhLr tJruno. flacon klroa hoc tlr nhien phiit trien manh. nh[ng phdt ki€n dia l(the ki XV-XVI) rim ra chau tvti, di \.i)ng tir ch6Lr phi clcln chllu i dri tao fa diau ki6n m(r.6ng thi trudng vd rAm chi6m ihlr6c dia(A. P. BAN. TBN ) :'C.iiu nga ngir f'hi thLLtrng hrit phir" o Viet Nam ta hiOn nay: ' *phi rhu<rng b6t ph[ the hiin su coi trong thuong nghi€p . nhirng \,ing ndo ting nlanh thlrong nghiep thi kinh t6 virng dd lang. - llong diiu ki0n cua nutic t.r hjal na\ thi ciuniii di rin cr)n phi htrp XLraa phdt ln rrl6t.n6n kinlr t0 cLla nLrdc ta cr)n lac hilu thr.nrng ntai kh6ng tlng (cd v6 ndi thuong lan ngoai thuong ). D! ci) rhoa iii chung.ta thuo hi€n c/s *bd cluan rfa cin"d6 kinr hinr sLr phrit triin kinh t€:) lirn cho kinh rb thur lii so vdi rhd gid;. N6u kjnh t6 cnr hu)- tlleo co chi rdp tfun s qu!n liiu bro cjp Ji lirn thr-, Ihur;nr nlaitrem nhit rriin ca ri nfirhur,n! r:r n$t,:-i rlru,.l,- r nin lirt, la )au kim. Dln dai h6i l)irnc \ l(8frr\hi rluuj chL_\en Jor cr, ciu kinh le. Lhit)i.n s njt nil "iilll ri ninF hua r-rrr,1,,n! thuue,, chirhi trlrilng thco dinh hirong rihdi chunuhia=ldiri hoi phai tane nrqlnh thLwng flei cd r i niri thr.rrng lin ngoai lhu.(rtrg =.) c(i c,s n.'thLrunu eux ninh. Sau l0 nalm thtrc hi.rn nhg drlL nitic clir tl_tr dri,. rrlriiL '.lJrt,lt,r, ".tl trl .1r,,r 1t.,.:i Lt' ,,- | , !,,t.,,, Ltir, trong.thr(vng l.rJrrrr-c J.l . p.r.ri;.1 ri.li' lr r ,,rrr,i r.:,,ri nr r io Jiiu Lidn.urr rrriiL ui,rr! lUi,i. tJnl 1,.6r,,.: .,', - Lldn cunh dd ehitng lr cOng kh,jng coi thLr.)ng mili ir'r con .lrrirn.t lirn gidu dul nhrit- \iclLtul'l dieln ttung thLnrnl chr (lLran riil Licir r)ul 'inn \ri tu.rlrrrl ril tr',,rr : ]rr \,,iir J,i l,l.rlr rlr,,rrn rrr.r .l^,i lrl.r tu eil pitai hiL:r lct n,rf ! ir L.jn l u,.,ls tilJ.4t. , i'i t.rn! rrin chu nilhia \,ti NhaL nlfoc tl.oDg tlLr(ic coi niii] nLro; lir thi rlllnh Qud trinh sir xuitt dutrc tl'rcr hien: I'LSX -f-fl Sl lt+ 53'' \L:11 11 1 -) Ttortg l:iu dii chulll.l (l nhLri (hu rfrnr L:rl.r \iur \l.rt \r c,,i t.rr th6ng ld mrii girii rnd thiri. (.4u-121''l'h!rons_mai la hon (ld thu vinp (ta rlri )u pbrin thinh cria m6t au6c gia, kh6ne co nh6p n:io ali ki6m ti6n trri thuong mai" Trii ldi. *lloin canh m diri: - t{a ddi trong giai doan thi kr XVll - giai dt)irn hr)c rhu-\Cr \ i b.rng c.in JJi Llrrr,nr.: nr1,. l)ri biiu Jiin h rl: rr lhuntJ\\l r' { l 5? l - l 6+ l ), r iiirrr J,'ru crin:.: l\, Dong i,r. I l,,Jl Jnnr c,rir ir,nt l\ nd1., di ddn din viic rudt khriu r.ir nlriiu kim khi. diiu nra htrc rhLr)i't tiin L$ f,,un.l,;i , h,':th.^r:LLiir l( gi.f .ri lu,.nsricn kh6ng ra nutic ngoai ) - Ilang cAn d6i thLfqns rndi * chirla ta phdi giaf r!- rg nsu\ en tic li hdng nam brn cho nguili r1u6c ngoii luong hing hoi l6n hon si luong chfrng ta phiii muu v]o cua h9 d6 dar duoc su can d6i di) 6ng khuy6n md f(ing c(r s(i cho cr)ng nhin. thu hcp Lioll ditig qllil mric hring ti0u dirng cUo nuuc ngo.ii. dA) Inanh canh t.anh -) hj 8ii thanh. nanA L.x' ch;l ludntl lrinlri: h,'.r .\nh. I lr.r, .l.nn drin. clra 6ng viec xuat khau tien nhirnr nrr.rc dich burin bin li ehinh ddng. Boi vi - viing di ra thLrong mai. cdn rhLrrng nrai lanr ia tiin tang len" linh trang tien dlia thii tfong nudc li cLi hai. liinr cho gi, ca hdng hoi tinq cao. ' Nhin crt - t)ung: Lrone rlicu ki,:n ph.rr triin kinl- re : \.lr JLrr:: nltrr nLrirc trr hiOn na1. . - Sui: rlrtra dt'ci1'rlir quri rrinh ,",' ru,it ,.,i,',n$.;, rr,,nr *i nghia: Ddi vcii nL(ic ra urrng diCu kicn kinh ti tir:h lul- ,"6n hi6n nav cdn tirlg rhuong nrai. con vi liu ddi ein ting srin \Uit (gi6ngcAlr ll) ceu lJ. " Khdi luons tian tO chi cd th6 sia tinp bins coo aludt|g ngo-ri thuoxg. trong hoat d6ng ngoai thuone phii thuc hiCn cs i(uet sieu" tra ldi. - De c6$d tich lu1: tidn t0 phni thdng qua hoar d6ne rhlrurlg nrai- trudc het lingo?i thLrong. Trong ngoai thuqng phai thuc hiin xuAt si€u. tidn sinh la hong luu tharng. qua trao ddi khring ngang gii (quan di6m cua chu nghia tdp thd). - BdnS cAn d6i th$ong mai. lrong budn bdn rhuong mai phdi J:urr l r,, r,:ir siiL tli i,r elrirrlr li\.h t.hn! ucll iLr\ ricrr. l.\lrrn ' \,idt: -a hirng rc phli fi uong rulai giir ling ngu10n tirc lir hang naln birr cho ngLroi nlroc ngoii s6 lirong hing hori kin hnn so lLrong hing hoii chirng ta phdi mua cia ho"'. Nc'Lr llt- -t- ll2=) Ill>ltl jl-il ll.=l il ll - l\'e,' rrrir .r, " h,.r elr,' rurp ehr ruil sicu tnrnlr fh.inr chrl khi)ng \uit klriLr nguyCn lieu. rhuc hiGri thLrong mai lrun-s gian. lnanq tien flr nu.rc goii di nlua re (l nL(ic nir.hin drit o nucrc khic. thLrc hiOn c,,s thLr€ clun bao h6. nhdm ki€m soiit hdng hori nhdp khdu. khu)€n khich ring hdng hod xudt khdu. - Quan di6m ndl cing sai ldrrr vi chi tdng. ( hr uLrn- tr.rrrn diiu kiin Lin! kinh ri (iu ll. Ho( rhuv;l ri san phim rhuin lui cua phdi rronp n6ng t|1i Jir;. - I )ii,r li I i tlrLLr it.rr.rrr! Lint cLrit tr uirls f hiii trorrg nirng. '' Sln phinr thlarr ru! lti sd chinh lech giria hai srn phinr,ir chi .\t ' ,,rt \L,it \,, r. . t t Lr r,.:,,ai L hi r,lr, ,:r r ',rr.iL N,, (lrt,,L trr,. ., I i't,-r li ll \,i \r.t, \.rilt n,,rtr :_ll.L-ll - N,hung rrgurri ttong ndng cho ling uhu nrhiu iihdng riLo r.a siin ohim thu:r4 ttt) ilte, Lf.)r.c5 na\ U h:ri rrr\in tr. ht jt thJ h qii tri trr()nq inrq \ ari hai linh r LLc chLr nghia !d Nhi nuarc. ! lrong linlr \.uc Nhar nrrdc. gi/r rr.i hing hria - moi cp, l.uo g6nr. rp r i hat gi6ng. cp \ a s[rc r'irt cA\ kdo_ ti0n lrrirng c6ng nhin. tiCn Iutrnu nhir lu brin kinh doarrh nriug nghi6p. cp b6 xung cia l lJT^- .d[! \ oi sli| phalDl thUin tLtI. Nhu !,d). srln phAnl thuan tui chi tiro ru lr)ug linh lLLc Nhd nuirc + .l'rong lirh vuc c6ng nhin- giA tr.i hi.ne h6a - nroi cp, bao gOm cp v0 ngu)'en lieu. tiCn luong cring nhan- tiOn luong nhz'i tu ban c6ng nghiOp viL cp b6 xung cua 'lt]'lN=) kha)ng tao ra san pham rhuin tuj. NguJ en nhin: Inrng ei,ng nhirr: Qiti trinh rrLt, rir scn pllant mni uhr li qui trinh k€t htro giitn dr.ln nhing nguy€n tO cii mi kh6ng cri su tdng LhCrr ri chit ndn l(ha)ng tto ra san phiitn thuin luj. I lror]g \h|i nLrdci Nhir c(i slr ti'ic d6ng cira tu nhiCtl nan c6 sLr .ir'r{Lh(rr, \u.liiL l.r,' r.r Ll.r rrr,i -tr,r|r'rr r.rr pn:ir'r th-rirr LLri ! l): Khi reo m!)L hirl lira -)rr6 bing -) cho hin! chuc hrt luir rrr(ii. I)(i la su tiing th6ln ve chlt vA nhu r riy r.hr co linh \ rrr nnir nu,'\' nriri tiro r':r sirr ph.im thuin tuj. - C6nr lin cua Qucsnel lii Lli cho ling san phim thuin tuy dLrcrc ril() rt trcng nhlmg ngirnh.ndng nghi0p nghra lj 6ng cring di gan .iue ttntt,,i s.lnp4unllltuit lL.i \,ri litrh\rri jJ \.titI lh.r( \fli .ltrr rlglli.r tif' lh( li rrrng lirrlr rur'lrtr, tlr,\ng) rdir ril di nrrlt czich khoa ltoc. "lir)'nhien chLtr gitii qLr-v6L rri6r cldr - I'hii Lrong nting dd giiii thich crla cai thco kidu ru nhi€n chir nghiai trudng phii tr nhien) vd de thut Iiri n6t budc so voi CNll. Phii trong n6nr di rin th6ng hoii khii niem cua cai, kh6ng thAy duoc tinh chAt ha; mat c[a n6 "hien vAt vdgi6 tri". Qucsnay sai l6m khi coi nhd nLrdc ld ngudn lqidu), nh6t -) cp vd :rins chi mang h)nh thuc -) chlra chi ra b/c md chj md tA. liet ke nhLlrng cdi ben ngodi Ciu 15. Chri nshi:r tu do kinh t6 ) .h,"'Sh-" lu .i,;iinhT l,f t- [ rhu-r 0r coi nfir kinh ri TBCN li hi'rhi'rl h\'rl di'r3 Lu rh,n1. rkr c:rc.gur luit kinh re khich .lu3n trl Pnal liiu tiit. Iir tutrng ctr ban cLia nti lii trr do kinh doanh. tLr do tham ui:r thi uu'i,rr. ( h,lr-! Iiri \Lr ltn thiip cLtr Nhi nrrric riti kinh ti * Nhi,nuctc nludi cld sLrirng,ra tu tu<hg do kinh te li cec nhd kinli te hoc tu sirn cd dien. blit dru li W.Pehy thia nhan vd tdn rri.)Irl cr.: (lrr\ irriiL kinh ri. kir qui raeh ,o nil hi ph, thudc. nhin .lrril cirrr \'.ri iui rijL hien ttt\'nl (lngriir"rr','nEursrjtr,rng kinh td" phii; linh deu nhing rluri trinh tu nhien. kh(rng n6n ding hinh clirng cLLirru hr.rc di chirng iai qLrri tr.inh do rhua nlhAn quri trinh tu do ci nlrin !a ddi tlr cio canh tranh. . lrr u.riltg L.r J(' l.it)h ri l.l\ (lLruc rii'p tuu rJng trung rp nghiin criu v6'lrguv€n nhAn vi bin ch6t giiu c6 cua c6c dan t6c,'cia A. sirr)irh lj thuydt \ e -con nguui kinh re"vri bin la) \ 6 hinh cia ^.\ Jii chlfru to (rr Llu) lLlill kit qr.r iL, 1l*.L.tri r;ct Crr ^i.,. r( ntrr kh,'ng r.in uo sU cal, rhiip i.r.r \ll; l]u,,\, rlrcr \.S I 1 Ricrlrlo tiep tue lt luiin eu:t n.sinlh \:r pn.it hiL.n fJ n.tiinE ql\ Irrit kinh r€ r i L(in rron! rLr d(, kinh ri ' fruting phiii rin c(.i di6n riip tuc kd rhir.! \ aL r:ug. ri6u biiu lir l,entJ \\'lras \ii \4alshall. i L.\\talras (tr.uo.ng ph6i rhAnh l,ausanrc l-hLt) si) -l.li rhul61 \ d gii ca: chLr h.u(Irq phiin tich rh i u.|.lirng tu do canh tranh. - Lj thuy6t ciin biing moi tdng qurit: phtin dnh su phdr uidn iu t(ong "bdn ta) \'6 hirrh" cua A.S. d6 li tfang thii ctr ban cLra ca ba tu tudng: tu turrng hing hod, LrL tu(ing tlr biin \:i LIJ t rirng I:() dgng n6 duoc Lhuc hienlhi)ng qua dao ddng ru philL cua c-c r ii giu ci hdng htra tren thi trlri)ng - A. Malshall: (tnrdng phdi Carrbrisc-zrnh) li Lhu_r0t currg ciu rii giri ca ciin birng tr.dn rhi uuilrg lu do oitnh tr,rnh-) tu.liiLr ti[t _t tiri eu l.i stt ri -nrm !rr:rJ ) lru.J tii L.l. t (lhu i-qhia t$ do mrii tiaf rLrc tane li luin sua chu nshir !u d0 il. 1,r tu.r'rl .u n.,nru.r.l r fhlJ tL, !t, rrr,.r J., .r ,.e|^. rlri tt.ri'tt-l u,' su Jrcu ri,lt crri \lu nur,.,, 111.,, 11;,1. ;1., 1,11.1 j1;, Kheu hi,:u cuiL tu tLrong nhiiLr hun. Nhi\ nurie crn thian il hon. l,i thuldt kinh td cLio chu nglriu trr rlo nrr'ri tin-l nrarrh rr sr.ing hoir l.in hing t).i. J,nri hillr rnriu l.irrh Lc rip rrrr .,:,,r,,i . rr.r nrhi, , nhdn mdi d Anh. chu nghia bro thu nrrii (l ivly chl nghia eirli han odo Dic biet (r Dire'ket hqp rlgLr\On tic rLLdo vrli n-8Ll)dn ric cin hing \a l.6i trin lil rlri + Samucllson: {kinh ta hh lr$dng phdi chinh hoar d6ng). ChLr truorg tdng kinh t6 phdi dLra varo cd hai bt\n tay la crr chc thi urrons vr Nhir rrtroc"di6rr hinh nri'r nirr.kinh tc khi, g cLr cr ut\ ph6n lin tdp tlr0 cing uhLr dinh vd tal bing m6r birn ta) ) =) CN tU do kinh te ng.i\ cing cfurcrc phrit trieir qU! nhi6{r Dinr. nhi6u thd h€. nh&ng tlLLirng phii vi c6 ( nghl-r tich crrc nh$ nga!) na). =) i nghia vdi Vier Nam caul6.Quan ali6m ciia Samnelson v6 vai trir cia huy6th til b6n ngoii d6i vdi su ting fru+ng ii cdc nu6c alaDg phit tri6n: rl1i ldi. lhco li thurjt nr-r. Ji tints truong kinh L,: l,,i churr;:in J.rrn h.r,. hirn reu Li' la nh.in.ue. tii ngJ\in tu rrh,irr. ca eiu ru h.rr ra kl thuAt. * r'd nhdn luc: - L/ ntrJ. nshLi,. tJ. ii llri r tf.,r, r h r , | , .tgrn,i .i r r 1 r" j 5 x 1u6i ) do d(i lh.ri kiirn s<rrit binh tir. ninq.:ix; sirc khoc r,rj chii lLlurlg Llinh JrrJnl:J('lr, lilnt \ i.i( u' nin!:5Ll.t .?r( 1.,'rr-,pn,ri u dlrng b6nh vi0n. hd th6ng bao vd sLrc khoe. - 50 nB(rol ntu Lhi (htant i.l-5luo. l);rrr tLri,\trLtjc\,'!l. r 'n_ elrii. trang bi ki thuAl moi cho ndng nghiep. cdng nghiep. dao r o nhAn luc tai nu6c ngoai cac lao da)ng n6ng thdn c6 narng su.( thiip -) chuydn sang chu nghia . * Ve tu nhitn thi0n nhi€n: - Cdc.nudc nrhio thrLong !o dit dai char hr-p. Lhoins san ir oi ,o \ di sd din d6ng tiii ngul in qr,:Ln lron-p nhit clJ (r( nircu ni) I.l Lldt nong nghi1-cp. r iic su rJung Jir tlui sct,'l phin lrrn rcrru rr.l siD qui( din. fto dri phai c,l chc tl,, Jit dai. p,riin h,'n urh rr. thuc hi0n tu hrlu hori ddr dai d€ kich thich chiL rrai driu tLr r6n li ki rhuir. * ri c., ciu tu hirn: rrt,i,n c,r tu h;n plrii rrch lL,j r,in. nhurrg,r nudc ngheo, ngu6n su.dung lao ddng thap. chi danr bllo cho dan cu o.muc s6ng roi thidu. kh6ng ai tidt ki€m do dri kh6ng c6 r,6n de dau tu \ay dLrng. ting c(] ciu ha tdng. I)i c(i 1B rhi phai !a) r6r'r nuclc ngodi. llien nay'l l) \,oi ciic uusc 9en ca)n dane rit ni16 gidi. Phong lliio giai phong drin tQc li nloi nghi ngai wiczic nhr) Jit' Lu n.rtru ng,,.lj. tt,,nu liti n.rtit rrtlrr-,r r.'in iun n., li,tr ra kh6ng ci' khr ning tlu rr,' cr q,ie 'in lii. + Ve k\- thultl c'; lrinh d6 ki rhUjr rir kinr. nlrrrng r'.i khc nirr. I'it uhr,,, lj thuAl vd cong nghe cuat ciic nu<rc di L|Lr<ic.t)it la con dr-rirng rit hieu qud di:tang kinh t6. =) Chung quy lai cdc nLrqc nghio vdn vucrng phiri c6i rr)ng ludn q;ln cud su nghco lih6. I iit ki.r,lr:\ .11{ tlrijll thrL rrhi[ ta)c Jl'] lich hllrr)irI rU\ \ L)n ltr.rl.r N,tng suit l'hlip ( iu l?,),Jha rrurrc rlic di6m chii r6u, cda li rhrrv6t Kevnes. K(\fc lllS.r-lql(')l.i nrut nhi kiqh ti h,'c nllr('i .rnh. Ihinhpho nili tionglri "li.thu)er chung v0 r'idc lAnr ndng suit vir tidn t€.' (19-]6)dic dienr chri )eu cara hoc thuy€t Keynes. - liich litt phi phrin c"s kinh 16 cira chir nghia bao th(. (ing khirng Jirng i r rii cluan cliinr.cLu tr.Lrring phii .cir di0n \'ar tin c0 di6n" \(r slr can bang kitlh te duo 0.en co sar tu didLr tiir cria thi truirng. fhco frng. nur6n co cirn birng Nhi nirric phii can rhi€p rio kini - Viin.lC quin rlons nhir. n!u), hierr) rrhit Li l(h6i lu\rng thiil rllli._l ir( Lr,rr. \rt,Lr' i litjlt tr,,|lch,.,Ltlrrr.r.itlrr:r,,nr_ljli Uru\'at \ ie. linr' lro[r c]i, ki ddn li rhuyer kinh t6 !i nr6. vi ha 'lr' 1 : rlrurr LiLt (Lt.r J.krtru \h- nLr(f!. ,' :! hiirt hl!'n liri rr:lr rr la long t|inh su cuit chu nghia llr ban dr.rdng Nlii nuirc - lltr,rortr. riit lrhin rr.h ph:ri hir ngu,"n tir rrhr'rrrlrJrre lur.rnp Irin d€ nghirln r iru ml he giiLa cdc klng lLfong \ d khuyenh hucrng iillu\an bitn cuil clti tg d[ lint fd khuvnh huillg. ca)ng cu tie iions \io nhL-ri!l khulnh hiLring lirr luirn tha,r'diri L6nc luong. l\10 hinh kinh ti cua 6ng grinr ba clai lur.ng: r'Dai lu.rnr xudr fhlt: khdng bi6n ddi hoirc bi6n cldi cham. Dri Id nhitng ngu6nvrc tls,r. mric d! trang bi ki thual . tIinh dO . h,r1in nrJn hoi urh chu ng\iir. co ciu cLra che dd xi hdi . + Dai lumg khri bion d6c lap: ld nhirng khuynh hLrdng tAm li Gi6t ki€nr. tiiu dtrng. diu tn )nh6m ndy ld co sd hoat d6ng cia m6 hinh. la <Iirn biy cho su hoar dQng cria cric L6 chric kinh t6. rDai lusng kha bion,phu thudc : cu the hori tinh trang cua n6n kinh te {sO luqng qLr6c giN. thu nhap rtu6c diin)-) R:C+S Q.( l ) i S ti Q - l.i thu) C1 cu Kc\ nsditnh gid cao r ai lfi) cito ticlr dirng vA tr.act dir. coi tdc dunc \'al trao doi li nhiim vu so nt(tt nrii rrhi kinh ti hc,e phai giai qu1iL. I lico ong.cung \ ('ri sLL tinc lin cua r iic lim thi cong cd srr tang len cira thLr nhap vd do d6 c6 su tdng I€n cua li0u clingvir dcr rio ciLr c(i hieLr qua -qiin xudng.iiiy la nguyen nlrirr;.ir |r khrrl$ lr',irrr rlt.tt qlri"tl.rri rri rrong nin kinlr ri irr bdrr chLr nghia. trr the dd ddv manh san xuit biio dr'im cAn ci6i clrng c,rlr thi phai ning ciiir tirr dung Ien. tinT bi0n phrip kich thich riu cri Ii.ilr quri chinh r i lhe li thu\'at cult Kcr ncs con dLnrc goi lii lithurit tlrng ciu. -,.1 u) nhien phu(rng phiip ludn cita. Kc\ ncs ld sieu hinh, Ong cho ilngli thu) Cl rldy ding r6i nroi che dd xe hdi. * Li thu,v-6t ve su can thi6p ctia Nhd nLroc vdo kinh t6 cria Keyns. - Deu tr Nhr) nudc. Su tlng gi6 cia NhA nLr6c vdo kinh t6 sE ldm Eng dau tLr tu Dhdn ciing nhu tang ti6u dirng cira Nhd nudc len. Vi vd,v ldm cho cin o6 hi€u <1uri titln srit vrli dudng bi6n d5i cna lhLr nhip. Nhi' vav md teng Cl- tlng Y ch6ng khing hoing vd thdt nghi0p. - Sit dLtng hrl thirng tiri chinh ' I in J!nr \ ii lLru Lhor)g tial 1.:. ' Ki(li llri(h 1. ,,:. r, tirr. lJ. .l.,:,'r tr r.lr c,i ,1,i,. rt'.t',. nhi Linh \lornlt. I.an g.hit lLi i)lan Fhhp hiru hiau da kich thieh thi ttuitng nrir khi,ng gi_r la rrq ) hiim(c(i kiim sohr) ddo rarng gii +.Dd bu.dip thiSu hul ngdn sich Nhi nudc-) chu tnr{r1g in thCm ti.nJi cj,r |lr.rt ihU nsrn sarilr hLr r dong. nru r n! rliu ru Nha nrrric vu\ dinr bio chi tieu cho cO phan. SLi rl.rng eonr cu thui Ji.Jicu rrit rrcn kinh ti : tang thui di didu liel hot nrot fhin tiit kirnr r:t lhU nlt;p.uir rr!(.r,r r.,rr (li-, L. . Ju:L ri0 n[tiilr srah.li \h t]t.rLre nlu rrjt,j.: J lLr rrr rr:rnt r'r i \,.i /f nha dAu rr de ting d.iu rLr. \ 1 ao r idc lanr. rno nhi6u hinh thuc diu tu dtr giai quy 6r r i€c lirn. ling th! nh:ip. chling khing hoang. c6 rhi \rii nghd in h:im nhu siln \uii1 \,Ll khi. chiL) duu !d tlang. - Khtr-rcn llrrcirttr Llr l{. LhU\c Lhiel: tiutr .lu:,r:c:. nh.rrrci,.: r oinhi ru rurr. t'r,,r lrip gilrr .t, \; ntrroi nSnr, . ( iu !8. ( o.ch€ thi tr_lrojne duor S muelj(, dC ciD lr.onq li thuy6t r'a n6n Linh rG h6n hur. Trd ldi. - ( r r ehi tip thi l:r tn,lr hinh rhuc 1., (hu( l inh t lr, ,rr! ,1,, i.r nhan ngudi ti0u ding ri ciLc nhii kinh doanh Lri,: J6ng lin nliaLr qua thi.tfuongdd \irc dlrh vin dd tr.ung tirncta t0 ch;c kinh rO ld: sillt \Lial cii 5i? < r,r \LiL 4h( Lfe an ' \:rn \u:it lr,t\.:ri ('o che tdp the Lhing ph.ri Ii rn6r su hdn drtn nrj l,r mor tr.jr rrr kinh td - 'firp the li rnQt quri u.inh mi rr.ong.ili ngLriri nrul \ ir nc$(,.i barl mQt lhu hang hoir t.ic dong qLra lai lin nlrru t1i r:ic rJinh gia ea ,:r s0 lu(rng hAng hoii. - llr)n,_e hoii bao rrlnr: I lrrng ritu dung. riich vLr r u r ir.r t,i ri,n rutil nhu dir dai. lao d,)ng lt) tir &i hjnh rh{nh nalrriip Lhi hr'l|ru ricu ding !i tdp th€ cuc )tu 16 sln ruir. ltL'tte c1' (hc rlri l|U,,t]" c,r r'r',t lt-i r.,,,.ri lrr tr,, fu ,.r L r (1,,: giiLa giii ca ri stn ruir. NIu nr0t io.ri hing hoi rri nhiiLr rrvLriri nua thi ngudi bln xd tiing giir dd phurrng pfrhp nirt lurrns cun: hcn cho. gid ca tlng si thirc dd)' ng oi srn \uir liinr |a nhi0u hjrnr hod hon- cti khi nhieLr hing ngrLiri bln lai ha gid-ts0 nglfqi ntuir hin." lri ting lcrr r i er'r r.in rLrl rrh.r iirr. - Ndi den. c(r che thi n $ilng Ia phtii nrii clcncune cdu hiing lroii. D<i ld cung cdu cua hiri luc lrrrrng nguiri bin r,i nguoi rtlLrit rfin thi tr Lrtrng. Su bidn dong, cua giri cri clil lifit cl]() tfung thiii cria cung cln thudng xLr)'Gn hi6n d6i vi d6 crilg chinh li n6i dung qu) luril c-c hdng hoii, - 'I rong ndn kinh t6 t{p thd- loi nhuin lir r}6ng luc chi ph6i horr d6ng^cria ngudi kinh doanh. tt€ thdng rhitnrirng lu6n phiii d ng lai. li d6 quan didm ba vin dd: crii giii- th6 nrio. cho ai. - Kinh te tep th6 phdi duoc hoqt d6ng trong mrli rr.ud.ng canh tranh tlo cdc qu.r luil kinh re klr6uh qurrr cni phJi. - Tip thO duoc chia ldrn hci phin I l.1p Lhi hiuth,,1. r'i r.lrulr ru rtiJ' rlr. .lirr i.rr * liptltcrcuti'.\rn'r.jt(tif tltc(tjrr \l, r - lr'0n ri.p rhi drlu r.ritr: doanh nghidp lr sirc ciu. cin cura dorrnh rt.:hicp rc iri( 1(., In idn \,iit Ll.n.( r"ri,r .1 ,. vrr,-rr rilc i, lr 1.,, gi,,,hrn.n9urrr uir,l lr sr.rc ulrr:. e.l.l r. n,,'. ',, Licr, ,lLr- r:, dich vu cira h6 gia dinh caing tudn thco ngulirr tirc ich Iiri girii han. - Ddng ti6n lin dingthco Llur uinh \ orB tf(Jrr iihip krn. Voi co chO vin dQng nhLr vir) cu.r tip thd. khj didn ra su biOn Ll6i. Vi\ll\ n€n lirrll ti s.r Lli.rr Ju(ic rnnt :rr e lir. d(ii LhLrne. Su tang<Jidr |a nhip nhang tr6i chdy. - t rr chc rhi trtr,rne lam ch,' nin kinh ri nr,.l (t,nE n:r,r-t Jrjtrr. thic ddl lLrc lLrcrng sdn xuit ting nhanh c'h6ng. tair nhidu hdn,e hod vd dich vu, tang viic lanl. dAp ung dl,v- dLr hon nhu ciiu vrc Tuy nhien co che thi h udng khing khac phr,rc durTc khuy6t t5t v6rr c6 cUa nf,: khdng nhi€u thit bai thi tfudng. re nan. phuong phip thu nhd.pkh6ng ddu. -, Do do phii kit hqp t)<i tirc ran hL,a"\ r 'hu ru( hi r! noj' nlrLJ thue khoii, chi tieu vd luet le crla cp. ' l-rong sLr ting cua Linh [€ ho( lS. truultg pt,ri nhin manh urr ch6 riP th6 li: - IrLfirng phhi c0 clidn: ngul6rr li''b6 tire virn hoi ' cua A.Snith. - .lruung phiri tin cd diini N larsha,l. li tlrrr,r iit eur.t rj- \ u r-ir (:r cln hun8. + Walms: lithu)61 r,6 sr.r cin bing t6nr e1uri,u. - I|uung phdi tu dir Inri: liian lrinh li o0n iiinh rc rap tha \i hOi o cOna ho,r lion bin! I)&c. - Samuelson: ooi lfong c.i kinlt te tirp $a \A Nhii nrdc. Ceu 19. Dic tli6m cia chri nehia tu do mdi. Tfti lqi. - Su ra doi: rf nhirng nam 30 cua th6 ki XX trd vd rrudc ld thoi ki .ur r. hu nelriir trr do ci. V(ti su phdl lriencua (hu nghia tu ban dut)ng N hi) n$oc \ d su xuit hidn cua li tlr uy 6t Kcr ncs- ldn diu lr(n trtnrrlj f'lrjr \rnll ri lu d" Inil Jiir I i tlrr'rg rIi. ( ur)c khun! hoang kinh Lc lhiri sirn(29 lj)ciing liln tan |.i tu LLrOng cda tfLra)ng phari tlt (lo kinh td. fhcnt vao do nhirng tl.tirllh luu quiin li kinh ti thro kaL hop cua cic nuoc \i hOi chu nghia cing uic lJ,'rrr rrrurrir rni tt'i llt tlr,t ! trr do tlunc hoi crnh do. cii nha kinh td hoc rs phai drii lai hd rirong li thul dr tu do kinh te qho lhich htlp \'tri tinh hinh ll1di-) chu nghia ru do moi xu6t hi€lr. - Chu nghia ru do ntdi li m(jt trong nhing trdo lLru tlr rLrong tu srn hi0n dai. llo mudn irp dung vi kdt hcrp tdr ca cdc quan Jidnr i.:tlie nh0 nh(LrIrc nhiI lurin cLra tIuirnl phii tir do cir trLrirng phii tronl thrrong nrrii. truing phii Kc] ns thzinh m0t he lLt trjong nrdi dieLr tiCl nin Linh ti lrr btn chLr nghia. - Iu lur'r! .,.hJn ( Lr! ehrr nlhi:r trr rlrr lr,ii lc (,r (hi Lhi tfudng cir su di0Lr tiit cLra Nha nu(ic o nrdt rrluc dQ nhit dinh. Khdu hi€u cira ho l.i thi tlLrong nhieu hon, nhd nudc can fhiep it hon ho dac Diit nhin nrcnl) \;Lr Ld tanl ii(ua cdc (i nhin qdscn xuir vir Liir.r Jung. " Iloc thureL vd nan kinh t6 rip rhd xd hdi ci cong hod liOn bdng Dilc: - l heo cic nhi kinh ti hoc cirne hod lien bing llirc. ndn kinh t6 in rhi i lr,l. khi,rrg nlli,i 1i.u kir h{rn rir]r n.ir' kinh rc (ip Lhi hoat ddng lhco phrf(rng lhlrc cu cu.r chu nghiir tt. han lruarc di\ \a raf kirh ta ri-i hiri chu nshil cri kd hoilch tharnh rnirt thi rh6rrg nlrit. \, ' i, rri r L rnh tt tjp rhi . tlrtr, lhu . iiilr J iirr rlut cuu Nlull(r- \rmacR tlli hrcn Iro( chc Jo rri rnU( lliu kct h(rp neu)cn ti! tu rl' vt,i ngLrlirr ric iong hing ri h i rlen thi lnrong'' Ngu\en ltrc rLr do vii nguyen lic cOng bAng \, h6i duoc ket hop nrdl cich chalt cha trong khu6n khrl muc tidu cia n€n kinh t6 tdp thiri lrr-ri l\lur- ticu thi hiinq cho. rni'r Iral khu);n khich vi JLJn! \ icr flntr! Lli'rrg lir'c J,' sing ki6n ci nhln Ji drnr hao loi ich cua ndn kinh t0. rndt k hdc nd c6 ging loai lnr Dhung hiCn LLrdrB liiu (.r( I'n. driu kicn,lro phJp. r irr r,luIg :rr nghco lhu .ua mdl s6 Lang lop din cLr. lqnt phdt. thit lghiip. - Siu ti€u chudn cua kinh te tap the \a h6i. I Dam hio qulin tu do ci nhdn. i tJ rn nao con! oang \fl nol r Ci) c() sli kinh doanh rheo chu ki. Xu dung !, t so tang truong nhim tJo ra I huon kho p. y vi ktir ciLr hir ting cin rhiit d6i v0i quh trinh phit triin kinh t€ lien ruc. l 'fhltc hir?n ctr str ccr ciu thich hop. r l)am biio tinh rLtung hop cua ldp thi. '(anhtfirnh citnh tfiDh ci) hie u quii duoc coi lu nOt )eu t6 trung tinr \ a khd|g thi thitlr duoc tr1)rg h!: tha)ng kinh te lip the \i hdi ,, DLrc. Kh., ; (,, nt' tlri kh,ln! ci' nirr kinh ti til Lhi \5 hii. C4nh trunh uo hiiu qua lui tu cuclr la mot qud trinh tliin biin cuc Ldn thi. dor hoi phai co srr hao lro vd h6 tru criu r<i ph)n . D6 duy tri canh trlnlr c,r hidu quc ciu L6n trong quydn tu do cua cAc \i nghiop tfong canh [tanh ciic \i nghiep co co hdi thinh cong, vri cri thi g{p ldi do. ('huc ndng cua conh tr rlh I S$ dq:rg ngudn :.ii ngu)innlrrtciLhtdi lru. + Khuy6n khich ti6n b0 kinh G + Phdn ph6i 'lN. + Thoa man nhu cau nguoi lieu ding. I Ddm haro tinh linh hoqt cira su di6u chinh. lhuc hi.'u lir:nr sii.rt \rJL rrrnh kirrh ti ri ehu thi. I Dam bao quyan 1!r do lLra,chon vA hoal dong ci nhdn. l u\. nhien c6 nhDng nhan kl dc doa canh tranh. nhi:ng nhan to nd)(olhid('Nhirruoc"grir re uo thd d ttrnhin ga) ra.Vi \i) ;irr cir biirr pltirp hao ,,0 eunh lr-rnh. - \'Cu L(r \a h6i: NhAn dAn \ld \a hoi nhdnr neng cao mirc s6ng .Lrr cd( .rr,r l Jil|l rrr u,,Iruc tlrLl nhrp thip nhiL. Llong (hoi bao\i Lit ra cic Lh.rnh r iirr ri h,'i. Lhie Plruc nhirrrg khu khin \i kinh t0 vd dau khd vd xd h6i do gdp phlli nhilng riri Io tlong cu6c song. Do dd phai ndng cao mfc rdng tnrqng kinh 16. phuong phiip rhu nhan cong hdng. \i) LluDg hi lhdng h.ro hiinr ri htri nhLr hco hi€m thiit nghiip. rudi tho rir dr.rng chi d.r phu( l.ri \ii hor dJ( biet lii che dO 1ro cep xd hdi cho n_euui Dglrdo dtii . c6 don khirng nor nuong tLra . - !ai Lr'tr r.ruii' plran: duc'c.,.ir Jrrn! rrcn crrso:ang liirr ui nhin.r'i sfrc canh tranh c6 hieLt qud. Srr can 1l]idp cua Nhij n(dc chi cin thiet cI nharng noi canh rranh kh6ng cd hi0r.r quii vir rrhirng noi c6 chuc ning bao ve canh rranh nhinr kich thich ciiu eLr\all tac co ban cua kinh te tap the \d hdi ma kh(')ng rhd lrao \,aro ra\ lu nhdn. Nhd nucrc chi can thi.sp khi cdnl hi0r riri rnLrc do hop liri thco ngulen tic ' turrng hup r di thi tfuong'' i cau 20 Li thuvAt ich tui sidd han cria tru.).ne ph:ii rio. /r tfa loi - t-idn b6i li llcfmrn. (josson (nguari l)ucj da dud fir tu tL(rng vi ich ltri gi6i han ri eprl ludt nhu ciu. Sau clil ngLririivtcneclr. Barvcrk- Wiser tdng ti6p. l heo ho loi ich lA dac tinh cu rhe cua vdl, c6 rhe thoi rnjin nhLl cau n,ro dd cia con ngroi cd ich ltri khiich quan va ich loi chLr quan, ich loicu th€ vd ich loi tliu luulg. -'i'hco dd ting lOn crja nhu ciLr , ich loi c6 ru hu(rrrg giam ddn. Gossen cho ring cirng voi su tdng ldn cua \ilt. cle thod marn nhLl (du. 'muc dQ bio hoi tang lir) (on mrie d,l caf. thiit !irrri \Lron:' do va)' \'at saLt de thoa mdn nhu ciu s€ cir ich loi nho hon \'dl tulrctc dri. \ ,/i mot 'o lLr'.t)r \ il plrtirn nhir rl.,rh Ilri \ Jr f'h.im cr ,;; cirng li -\'Al phdnr gicri hln ich lrri cua nri goi li ich lcri girii h.ut \i' tlrrr Jinlr l,ri i(h (hurt crr r rj, ir i:., rat Lh.rt flra truong phrli Ai) dd duoc kinh te hoc I S ! + Lloc thuy6t gi6i hirn ti M1-': li thur'€t ninu suiitlao d6ug chri nghiagidm sit do vey. ng(oi cdng nhdn drLoc thue sau cirDg la "nguoi cone nltin girii hln sln pltinr cur h.,li srn plriinr gi,ri han" nang sudt eua hu la nirng ruit cioi h.rn ri.lri' Jinh rrlrr 5uit cda LaL ca cac Long nhiin khdc. I Hec thu)et Kells. khu-lnh huor)g tiiu drrrt \l uil kiinr lfong xa h6i cd khuynh hLrong ti6u ding gioi han d6 li khuynh hudng cii nhan phan chia phdn thu nhap teng them aho lieu ding theo tj l€ ginm din. Cong vdi su tdng them cia thu nhap thi ti€u dr)ng cring ting l6n nhung voi tdc dd ch{m hon vi phin thu nh6p nng them dem phin ehir cho tiiu dung \i riit li.:nr. 'l'i sU mng cia thu nhap' tiCu dirng gidi han c6 r.u hi"rirng giam ddn vd ti€t ki€nr gioi h+n cd khu)nh hu0ngtirng ltn. Vi vi.v su thitiu hut ciu ti0Lr dirng li xLr huiing vinh lidn cua moi nin san ruit. ( ou gioi lrJlldi'chinhIjnguldnrrlr.in!J\ r:rrfrlri. lllil nghiep. - | u \ in dc nroi nirt krrrh rt l)llJt qJul lurn grri qtrr,: . ' lrLrurrg nhli clrinlr lriirr Jur: \urnLLlson \,i: lrlnrr\.11 "i.;i hrn khunangsJnrLr6t Jo tinlr chit h:rn.h: rLrir r(,xl h,' !ci lgu\cll c6 th€ vin xudt ra hdng hoa. buQc xat6i chi cluoc su lua chqrn . tlong sd h?rng hoii tfong ddi khan hiinr. 'l-ir clri moi nen san xuat Sd hi:t tdi nguyen vdro siin xudt m6t mdt hdng lhi ludn luOn phdi bo mol ciii gi do cia mot mat hdng khric. (iioi h.in kha nang san xuAt bidu thi sL. lua ch on nrir xd h6i cir the cri. 'l iL sr,r phin tich tr€n ciic nhd kinh td hoc dLra la qLran diim r i hieu quir \u duns rai ngu) en. Thco ho. mOt ni:n kinh td co hiiu qur nim tren du,ong gidi han khd ning sdn xu61. -'frong dudng gioi han : thiEn nhidn chuu srl ,lung h6r. - Ngodi dudng gidi han khong phu thuoc. CAu 21. Li thuv6t cia Keyngs qdt mtt lir su k6 tuc- nho.ne aliCm. cia trudne phdi tan cO ali€n. Mitt kh{c lai thg hi6n rhu su at6i lep vfi trudns ph{i nev. Dua vio hoc thuyot cia truone Dhdi niv khic vdi truons phAi Keynes di (hrine minh. Tfd lqi. "llocrhu)etcLratfucrngnhii tir c,, diin r'.r cl,ii crrt,i th6 l) Xl\ dau the ki XX. khicd su chLrl,6n bidn manh mLi tir chLr nghia ru bAL tu do caDh tranh sang chLr nghia tLr biin dLrirDg. lloc thLrlct cLra Ke\yncsrr dLJUi sau rirr khoan! nhr:rng i||r i{r crrr thi ll XX nhimg drl c6 slr k6 tuc tdng hoc tlruy6t cirn tru.c,ng phdi tan c6 Ci6n dicLr d6 the hi6n: ' llLrirrrg phrli riin cd cliin tlLr.a vio tln li chu quan de gidi lhich .iic hi.^n luong vir rluii rfinh tinr li. XA h6i cdn phai nghiCn cuu uua Kel ncs cirng dua r.io tiim li ch_u quaD cia \ai h6i nhu khuy.nh hudng.lieu ding. khuynh hLrong ti€t kidn. nhLr ddn briy cua ndn kinh rd Sq di c6 srit6 thua nhu vdy Id do trLrdng phii ran cd diiin de dua vao tinh chir khan hicm cta sdn phdm kinh t6. khi dd s6 luons rLra n6 co gioi han, khi hdng hda khan hi6m thi nguoi tieu ji,;g 'liing hoJr dir cring cao. -(dr hoc thu),er Ke\nes cing dua vdo ciic khul,nh hudng kich cdu Ung ldn cirng dua lr'en su rAng tieu ditng. gianr ti6t ki€m cia nglroi dan. latm rhu nhap giam. - -[r',,rirnr i ltJri 1i rr cci.cli.:n dL* ra li luil"ich lrri c!ra gj(.ri hun.' ci.l lllralng phiii ii() ch() tin! cilng \ (ii da ting len cul r it phim tlroa rli rrll,r (j ntLr( J,.' hio lt,,r tii r lcn. ntJc J,, illn lh.it (uJ nhtl .au erarn \u6ng. ich ltri giiri han lrl ich lo-i cur r it phin cu6i aung dlril lil thoi ltliin nhLl eiu. N,' l. 1.,, ,u' !t)o nlrir \r qu)il di,rh ir.lr lrri cua r.il L.J Lj( \iL khtlc. Ke).rrcs di clLr |a ciic phanr tfir !,d khu) nh hLrong riilt ki€rr qiaun liini cho hi u rlLru gi6i han cua tLL ban girm. cdu vd ti0Lr .li rg gianr')gi) l.tl khing hodng thu nhip Srr phirrr pl .rLrni n Jp phLin rirlrtoin lr,.\. lr', hilh dd rhi -" I i l co dlc| r dlra viio trinr li cat blar + uDg h() tlr do cirnh tranh, chiing lai su can thiep cua Nhi nlroc lio kinh Lc. ctr ehi rip rhi tu phir sC dilrn bac' udrrg bing e-c r. Kinh 10 tAng binh thudng. kh6ng thua nhdn khung hodng kinh t€. rhal nghi0p. *+ Kclnes. + Dua vio liilll li xrl hoi. ' \hi r.Lr.i" J'l,.rr .;r,. tlrit tr ,.n, krnlr ,e 1., i,r'g I'ing e ltr,-'. thLfc hi.in nho cic co so tidn Le. diLl lu cua Nhd nuoc. Vir Ji (iln! triur lr kh.irr5 lruug kirrh ti ru vi.'e lirm. fra ldi. *l)dc diCnr. phLrcrng phaip luin cia riuo.llg phdi tin cO dien: - Clu6i rhi kt x lX. diu th6 ki XX. chu ngh'ia t$ do canh rranh c6 sqr doi hiin nr4nh mi sang chu nghia tu b.in duong. cirng vriisp ra drri cur khoa hoc Marr. phii kinh t€ chinh tr.i tLr sdn c6 dien tO ra;iurhilhi bro \ i chu ngir tu bdrr- lrLrocb6i canhdotrrrong phii 1dn cd dien ra doi. - I[ro g phji rin c0 dier dua rao lim li chu quan de giai rhich c/rc hien tLrqng vi qua trinh kinh t6 -xd hdi. vdn dung dLra m li thultt quan hC siin \udt vd giii ca hdng hoii tfen thi trudng do c-c qu) et dinh. - dp dlng phuonts phiip phan rich vi m6: di vdo nghi€n criu hdnh vi cr.ra nguoi tieLr dirng. cua cdc \i nghiep. Xcm xit nglr(.'i tiorl Jirng lirlr sa,r Lic \c'| s(i thu [hin nhu ri] si lhLt Llrt(re nhiLlu hang hoa nhar. cdn ci'rc \i nghicp kinh doanh ldm lhe nio d6 thu duoc lrri rrhuin nhiir.r nhit - . \'in.lijii! ph.J,lr! phil in.in ho. rjhLr edng tlrri ,.ji rhi. m6 hinh C€ duu ra circ pham trir kinlr t0 . - llo dua ra c6c kinh nghi€m rnoi nltu "ich lqi gidi h4n, ndng su6t uidi han. sAn phdm gidi h!n " vi vdl trLrring phdi tdn cd didn con goi ld trLrong phrii gioi h4n I l)iic diirrr chung ri lhie {) \i'i rrLIc/Dg nhii kinh tt chinh Lri (u san c6 di0n A nh. Dirc diinr chun!: ( irc tfrLirng phar niy Jctr ung ho tu do canh tmnh ch6ng lai sLr can thiop cua Nhd nudc vdo thi h.uong. Ho tin tuong !ang co che thiirudng lu phdt se ddrn bao cdn bing c-c, dim bAo cho.nen kinh tC ting binh thudng. triinh dunc khdng hodng kinh t6. ** CO aidr. - Ding phuong phap nghi€n cuu dua vdo kh6ch. - Di sdu vdo nghien cirLl linh vuc sin rui. - Chf l; nghi€n c[ru m6r chdl. -Nghiin cuu ciic viin d0 kinh t6. thr.rong di ciip tl€n r 6n cji kinh t€ - \A hdi(cd lien hd r cri dieu kidn chinh rri - \d h6i). ** ldn cd di€n. - Dr)ng_tdrn li chir quan cua nhin ddn. -Chu)ensuchui sang linh \Ltc rraL,Jdi. luu LhdnU ra nhu cir.r. - Chi ),Cu ld mil luqng. - Nghi€n cr?u vi! vrin d6 kinh 16 thuAn tui. phir nhan rhuat ngi: kinh t6 chinh tri h9c cUa Montchrerien. tUj chi la kinh tb ti, C_eu23. Li thuv6t va su can thi6p cria Nhi nu6c vio kinh te cia Kevnes. aciul7t- ;Tfr-iiTiG]iilfr t K" 1 n"", - Tfong mdt thoi gian ddi. li thu10r Kelnes ducrc |An dung rong rii. tu) nhiin 116 cins the hidn s6 hxn chC. + Muc dich cua ii thu10t Kel neslii ch6ne khune hoarre r i thit nghiep. Song trong nhing nanr lhuu hien li thu) al ni) tl)i cu .l ndnr lai c6 nldt ldn chdn d6ng kinh ri. \ln thit nglri:f',r *( nuLri lrr hun lhonu .lrr,il.Lhiu 1;rr,r; rrr.r c6 xu huong gia tang. l u iuong .l,anr phrir c(r diiLr tiit.'cLru Ke),ncs gdp phin ldnt tang su Lriim rLong cua ianr phat. rr0r ci'lrl bdnh nan giiii cua ndn kinh rt hi6n dai + Cdng cu lai, s6i diOu ti0t dnu t cL:rng khinrg c6 hieLr clua \a nhi6u khi cdn cd tic dOng nguoc lai. + Ndnr droc nhu cdu xd hdi hoii ddi hdi sLr can rhiep Nhd nrralc vio kinh t6- kcl cs dua ra li thuy6r chu nghia tu bin dutrc didLr tiCt. Song khi dinh giii cao vai tro Nha nuoc.6ng lai bo qua vai tlo cua lu tuong tu do crlJ h n ta\ v6 hrnh. r:ril uin bing rong qu6t. =) Di€u d6 lim gid tdng xu hlrong phe phdn Ii thu-r'it kinh td Keynes. . ehirc rirg (un lhiip aliiu tilt kinh ti rhLrrg li)n trl)ng qu) luat kinh t6 kit qLra cira kinh 16 tep Lhd. ( liu 9. rri tri cia NhA nuric trong n6n kinh t6 h6n hop cia Sanuelson. frd. vrin d6 kinh 16 thuAn tui. phir nhan rhuat ngi: kinh t6 chinh tri h9c cUa Montchrerien. tUj chi la kinh tb ti, C_eu23. Li thuv6t va su can thi6p cria Nhi nu6c vio kinh te cia. lii trr do kinh doanh. tLr do tham ui:r thi uu'i,rr. ( h,lr-! Iiri Lr ltn thiip cLtr Nhi nrrric riti kinh ti * Nhi,nuctc nludi cld sLrirng,ra tu tu<hg do kinh te li cec