UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) 1. Defining and defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và khơng xác định ): a . Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , ta khơng bỏ được và khơng có dấu phẩy Ex: I saw the girl . She helped us last week . I saw the girl who / that helped us last week b . Non- Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định ): - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , là phần giải thích thêm , ta có thể bỏ được và có dấu phẩy “ ,” . - Ta dùng mệnh đề quan khơng xác định khi : + Trước danh từ quan hệ có : this / that / these / those / my / her / his / …… + Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng . Ex1: My father is a doctor . He is fifty years old . My father , who is fifty years old , is a doctor . Ex2: New York Harbour , which is ice-free in all season , is one of the largest and finest harbours in the world . - who : chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ N người + who + V + O - whom : chỉ người, làm tân ngữ N người + whom + S + V V + O - which : chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ N vật + which + S + V - whose : đứng sau danh từ và thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ ( N2 của N1 , whose thay thế tính từ sở hữu : his,her, my, your ) Place WHERE = in / at / on + WHICH Time WHEN = in / at / on + WHICH Reaso n WHY = FOR + WHICH That : + That thay thế cho who, whom, which trong mđề giới hạn (không có dấu phẩy.) + Không được dùng that sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ ( sau giới từ dùng whom hoặc which ) + Bắt buộc dùng that : o Sau so sánh nhất o Sau đại từ không xác đònh : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body o Sau chủ ngữ hổn hợp ( người và vật ) Ex : The man and his dog that …… o Trong cấu trúc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that . . ( It is Mary that I admire ) 1 N1 + whose + N2 whose Giới từ + whom which o Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I do is …. Reduced forms ( Hình thức rút gọn ) 1. Câu có các đại từ quan hệ : - Câu chủ động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về nguyên mẫu và thêm – Ing Ex : The man who is standing overthere is my father. The man standing overthere is my father. - Câu bò động : Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, động từ chính trong câu đưa về V3,ed Ex : The chair which is made in Japan is expensive. The chair made in Japan is expensive. Như vậy trong câu chỉ có 01 động từ chính được chia, dộng từ còn lại ở dạng V – ing ( chủ động hoặc V3,ed ( Bò động ) 2.Hai câu có cùng chủ từ : Tương tự như trên Ex : He met his old friends. He felt very happy. Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy. 1. Từ chỉ thời gian : While / when / after / before … Ex : When I met him, I told him that story. ………. Meeting him, I told him that story. PRACTICE TEST 1 Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 1. a. endanger b. disappear c. prohibit d. destruction 2. a extinct b. human c. species d. planet 3. a. respect b. effort c. exist d. supply 4. a. condition b. pollutant c. however d. influence 5. a. action b. habit c. danger d. survive Choose the correct answer 6. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised. a. established b. collapsed c. delayed d. decreased 7. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly. a. dangerously b. quickly c. mostly d. gradually 8. A species of animal or plant that is _______ no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place. a. extinct b. rare c. survival d. productive 9. Those who concern are very worried about the _____ of many species. a. disappearance b. establishment c. supply d. provision 10. Because of people's _____ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare. a. supply b. survival c. influence d. interference 11. Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry. a. affected b. influenced c. changed d. provided 12. It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in ______ wild. a. a b. an c. the d. Ø 13. England was one of the first countries to _________ a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization 14. Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution. 2 Who V  V-ing Which That Be + V 3,ed  V 3,ed a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible 15. We all regard pollution as a _______ matter to human beings. a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful 16. Human beings are adding more and more pollutants ________ the environment. a. from b. for c. on d. to 17. You should make sure __________ what you have just told us. a. in b. on c. over d. of 18. Forest destruction results _________ floods and air pollution. a. from b. about c. in d. into 19. It is automobile industry _____ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. a. where b. in which c. that d. whom 20. _______many species of animals have become extinct. a. There are many reasons for which b. Many reasons for which c. The reasons for that d. For which reasons 21. We should do something to save those animals ___ hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. a. those are b. which are c. which is d. that is 22._________________________________ Farmers use more and more them to grow better crops but harm the environment. a. powerful chemicals who help b. which powerful chemicals help c. powerful chemicals which help d. powerful chemicals help 23.____________________________________________ Water is one of the most precious resources ______________________________________________for our life. a. we depend on which b. which we depend c. on which we depend d. on that we depend 24. ___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals. a. Rain forests b. Rain forests, that c. Rain forest, where d. Rain forests, which 25._________________________________ The farmers and their cattle had been trapped in the storm were fortunately rescued. a. who b. whom c. which d. that 26. Nowadays, city dwellers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer from pollution the most. a. who b. whom c. that d. which 27._____________________________________ Do you know that environmentalist ? a. with whom I used to work b. with that I used to work c. with I used to work d. with who I used to work 28._____________________________________________ Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect, ________________________________________________traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere. a. that b. which c. where d. whose 29._____________ The local authority banned us from going near the forest there is a serious fire. a. for which b. in that c. that d. where 30. _______once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year 2025. a. Bengal tigers b. Bengal tigers, which c. Bengal tigers, that d. Bengal tigers which Error Identification 31. Nowadays people are more aware of the fact that wildlife all over the world which is in danger. 32. Any country that has to cope with overpopulation, hunger, and poverty, also that suffers from pollution. 33. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet, where they are surviving and destroy. 34. There is a threat of global warming, that comes from the results of Greenhouse effect. 35. Our polluted environment which is the results of the overusing of resources and destroying the wild. Read the passage carefully and Recent research reveals that the …………….of agricultural soils, forests, woodlands, coastal fisheries, and wildlife resources is more and more serious. The majority of the estimated costs of ……………… comes from forests and natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. More than 50% of the original forest has been converted ……….agricultural land by slash-and-burn. Despite 3 land expansion, productivity has declined because of soil erosion. Fish, timber, and non-timber forest product stocks are……………. As a result, coastal towns have begun to experience severe water shortages. Hydropower is dropping. Wildlife populations and ………………are in serious decline and many species face extinction. Poor forest …………and soil degradation result in huge economic losses. The degradation of water increases the costs and reduces the quality of both water and power. The prospects for economic development and poverty reduction are dependent on natural……… Rural households rely on natural resources for their…………… , fisheries, and wildlife which provide protein in diets. Urban economic activities depend on reliable …………power. However, people do not have much ………………of protecting the environment on which their life depends. environmental to livelihoods degradation resources decreasing hydroelectric awareness management biodiversity Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. The number of animal species that have died out since 1600 (1) __ sharply. Experts have looked for historical evidence of (2)_______. As (3) ________ as they can tell, between the beginning of modern historical records and the beginning of the 17 th century, fewer (4) ____twenty species of animals died out. (5) ______, in just one century, from 1600 to 1699 seventeen more animal species are known to have (6) ___. The next century saw the extinction (7) _______ thirty-six species. And the rate (8) ___ increasing. In the 1800, eighty-one more species died out. In (9) ____ first three quarters of the twentieth century, eighty-three species disappeared, (10) ______ the education of people about endangered species. The rate of extinction has not been slowed by public information. 1 a. increase b. increased c. has increased d. will increase 2 a. beings b. extinction c. affect d. influence 3 a. far b. many c. long d. soon 4 a. as b. more c. less d. than 5 a. If b. Although c. So d. However 6 a. recovered b. supplied c. changed d. disappeared 7 a. of b. in c. for d. from 8 a. kept b. had c. made d. let 9 a. a b. an c. the d. Ø 10 a. because of b. due to c. despite d. unless PRACTICE TEST 2 Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. a. small b. supply c. sure d. species 2. a. swimmer b. sword c. swallow d. swam 3. a. parks b. animals c. planets d. surroundings 4. a. forest b. exist c. busy d. establish 5. a. suggest b. disappear c. scientist d. raise Choose the best answer. 6. Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. a. advised b. decreased c. ban d. encouraged 7. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soils _______wildlife. a. protect b. conserve c. destroy d. survive 8. National Parks are established to create the environment for rare animals to survive and _____offspring. a. produce b. supply c. increase d. offer 9. The World Wild Funds is working to protect and save the forests that are in _____. a. danger b. interest c. encouragement d. consequence 4 10. Scientists think it unlikely that the species will actually become extinct as a ______of the oil spill. a. respect b. consequence c. protection d. production 11. Human beings can’t exist without water and air. a. result b. live c. kill d. change 12. Do you know exactly _______number of Siberian tigers in China? a. a b. an c. the d. Ø 13. Garbage is considered to be some kind of _____ a. pollute b. pollutants c. pollution d. polluting 14. Because of forest destruction some rare animals cannot survive, let alone ______ a. produce b. production c. productive d productivity 15. The people in our village are leading a _____ life. a. peace b. peaceful c. peacefully d. peacefulness 16. Human beings are changing the environment ___ all respects. a. at b. for c. in d. upon 17. Air pollution interferes ______ our body's ability to process oxygen. a. with b. on c. to d. over 18. We should do something immediately to save many kinds of rare animals ______ extinction. a. away b. from c. in d. with 19. I personally think that it is easy to understand_____ time is relative. a. the reason b. the reason for that c. for which reason d. the reason why 20. ______ concerns about wildlife never keeps a wild animal as pest. a. Anyone that b. Anyone which c. Anyone for whom d. Anyone those 21. Did you listen to the lecture on the environment by Dr. Pike, ____ a. whom I have ever told you about b. about that I have ever told you c. I have ever told you d. that I have ever told you 22. _______ want to use rain forests are cutting them down without any hesitation. a. People who b. People which c. People whom d. Who 23. The man showed us the cage _____ he kept a fierce lion. a. which b. that c. in which d. in that 24. Those villagers____ near the forest chop down hardwoods to sell for high prices. a. live b. who live c. whom live d. for whom to live 25. We have just had an exploration through that forest _______. a. which some pandas survive b. where there are some pandas surviving c. in which there are some pandas survive d. that some pandas survive 26. By cutting down the trees, people destroy the ecosystem of the rain forest ____ . a. on which they depend b. where they depend on c. which they depend d. where they depend 27. ____ comes from thousands of factories has caused enormous increases in air pollution levels. a. Smoke b. Smoke for which c. Smoke that d. Smoke whose 28. The areas_____ are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion. a. which trees b. whose trees c. that trees d. trees which 29. I will never forget the time ______ I first visit Cat Tien National Park. a. when b. why c. where d. on that 30. Those scientists are doing research on the period ____ the Earth formed. a. where b. on that c. when d. why Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given. 31. the Royal National Park / New South Wales, Australia a. The Royal National Park it is in New South Wales, Australia. b. The Royal National Park, which is in New South Wales, Australia. c. The Royal National Park is in that New South Wales, Australia. d. The Royal National Park is in New South Wales, Australia. 32. it / locate / 29km south / Sydney a. It located 29km south of Sydney. b. It locating 29km south of Sydney. c. It is that locates 29km south of Sydney d. It is located 29km south of Sydney; 33. Sir John Robertson / find / the Park / 1879 5 a. Sir John Robertson whom found the Park in 1879. b. Sir John Robertson found the Park in 1879. c. Sir John Robertson found the Park since 1879. d. Sir John Robertson who found the Park in 1879. 34. most unique rock formation / Eagle Rock / look like an eagle's head a. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock looks like an eagle's head. b. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, which looks like an eagle's head. c. A most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, looks like an eagle's head. d. The most unique rock formation is Eagle Rock, that looks like an eagle's head. 35. the Park / protect / carefully / its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape a. The Park is protected carefully because its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape. b. The Park is protected carefully due to its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape. c. The Park protected carefully as its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape. d. The Park it is protected carefully for its rarity in the hot, arid Australian landscape. Read the passage carefully and, choose the correct answer. The scarcity of tigers and African elephants is more and more serious. They are endangered because poachers hunt them in order to sell tiger pelts and elephant ivory. At least 4,000 elephants are killed each year in order to meet the global demand for elephant ivory, which is used to make carvings, jewelry and other products although it is illegal to sell ivory since 1989 anywhere. "Americans should be aware that there is still a problem with elephant poaching and loss to the illegal ivory trade," Ginette Hemley, Fund's vice president for species conservation, told The Washington Post in September. And so our message is, 'Don't buy it, and don't take that chance'." A Wildlife Fund report states that the United States seized 8,300 illegal ivory items between 1995 and 2002. Each week there are about 1,000 ivory auctions; the report said. As for tigers, their parts are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tiger bones are used as a pain reliever in traditional medicine. Even tiger's whiskers are sold because some people in Asia think they are a good-luck charm - like a rabbit's foot in the United States. "Part of our job is education," said Professor Dillon. "The other part is law enforcement. So we have more than one strategy." 36. Hunters poach tigers for their ____ a. ivory b. pelts c. carving d. jewelry 37. Which sentence is NOT true? a. Elephants are hunted for their ivory. d.It is not illegal to sell ivory. b. There are about 4,000 elephants killed each year. c. Elephant ivory is used to made jewelry. 38. The word it is referred to a. an elephant b. a tiger c. tiger pelts d. elephant ivory 39. The Chinese use parts of a tiger as ______. a. carving b. jewelry c. decoration d. medicine 40. According to Professor Dillon, _______ a. there is only one strategy to solve the problem b. it is education that can help to solve the problem c. we need both education and law enforcement to solve the problem d. only law enforcement can help to solve the problem Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. More than two-thirds of people all over the world are living (41) ___ agriculture and livestock, forestry and wood processing, which is (42) ______to the natural resources. (43) _____ world's natural resources are (44) ______ and continue to decline. Inappropriate crop production, mining and the wood (45) _____ are badly affecting forests. On going soil (46) _______ and a decline in fertility undermine food and agricultural production. A stronger policy must be (47) ______ to provide sustainable management practices for the world's natural resources. The government (48) _______ improve local community involvement in natural resources and environmental management. It is (49) ______ necessary to stimulate investments in wildlife, (50) ______, ecotourism, tree plantations, and sustainable land management. 6 41. a. on b. in c. for d. with 42. a. depended b. related c. concerned d. excited 43. a. A b. An c. The d. Ø 44. a. protected carefully b. in plenty c. kept in place d. overused 45. a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization 46. a. blow b. disappearance c. recovery d. erosion 47. a. achieved b. succeeded c. enjoyed d. established 48. a. should b. has c. ought d. had 49. a. both b. also c. either d. too 50. a. farm b. farmer c. farmers d. farming ************************************************************************************* * PRACTICE TEST 3 Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 1. a. introduce b. peacefully c. consequence d. influence 2. a. industrial b. environment c. agriculture d. responsible 3. a. weather b. decrease c. number d. result 4. a. animal b. national c. serious d. pollutant 5. a. village b. affect c. water d. city Choose a,b,c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes the underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one. 6. The is the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live. a. consequence b. environment c. planet d. resource 7. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on the environment. a. destruction b. introduction c. influence d. environment 8. The Earth is one of the in the solar system. a. planets b. resources c. environments d. results 9. Deforestation is destroying large areas of tropical rain forest. a. changing b. raising c. becoming d. damaging 10. The area is roped off because the water is seriously polluted. a. contaminated b. disappeared c. purified d. endangered 11. During a long drought, farmers had to find ways to their crops. a. save b. cook c. raise d. set 12. Human beings have great influence on world. a. the / a b. a / the c. Ø / a d. the / Ø 13. We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests. a. destroy b. destructive c. destruction d. destructor 14. She is a famous .She tries her best to protect rare animals from extinction. a. environment b. environmental c. environmentalist d. environmentally 15. The problems of pollution call for a prompt from the government. a. act b. action c. acting d. active 16. They are asking for public donations to protect some certain wild animals dying out. a. from b. for c. with d. up 17. More and more rare animals are danger of extinction. a. for b. on c.at d. in 18. Do you know how many pandas remain the wild? a. at b. on c. in d. from 19. It is many rich countries have dealt the problem of extinction in various ways. a. where b. that c. in which d. in that 20. was very kind of him. a. That b. Which c. Whose d. On which 21. Some countries try to reduce extinction depend on the world organization for support. 7 a. which b. in which c. where d. whose 22. The National Parks, certain animal species survive, are protected strictly from the poaching of hunters. a. that b. where c. which d. in that 23. Some parts of the world, , were cleared for farms and now land is a desert. a. which like the Bragantina of Brazil b. where like the Bragantina of Brazil c. like the Bragantina of Brazil d. whose like the Bragantina of Brazil 24. Smoke from factories is polluting the air, rain forests cannot clean fast enough. a. in which b. where c. that d. which 25. Everyone must protect ecosystem of planet Earth, . a. that a planet in danger b. which a planet in danger c. where is a planet in danger d. a planet in danger 26. Do you think that we are using up the resources for our survival? a. are necessary b. that are necessary c. which necessary d. that necessary 27. Areas in Africa, South America, and Asia are dense with trees, insects, birds, and animals. a. where are b. which are c. are d. are that 28. Rain forests are places people harvest wood, delicious fruits, and powerful medicine. a. in which b. in that c. in where d. which 29. I wonder about human beings are destroying the environment so seriously. a. the reason that b. that reason c. the reason in which d. the reason for which 30. The authority gathered those villagers they explained the importance of forests. a. who b. whom c. to whom d. to that Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given. 31. Denali National Park / the central mountains of Alaska a. Denali National Park, which is in the central mountains of Alaska. b. Denali National Park, that is in the central mountains of Alaska. c. Denali National Park, where is in the central mountains of Alaska. d. Denali National Park is in the central mountains of Alaska. 32. the park / one of America’s greatest wildness areas a. It is that the park one of America’s greatest wildness areas. b. The park which is one of America’s greatest wildness areas. c. It is the park one of America’s greatest wildness areas. d. The park is one of America’s greatest wildness areas. 33. once / abundant sources of gold / heavy metals a. It has been once abundant sources of gold with heavy metals. b. It is once abundant sources of gold as well as heavy metals. c. It was once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals. d. It will be once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals. 34. at least 600,000 visitors / come to visit / the Park / every year a. There are at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year. b. At least 600,000 visitors who come to visit the Park every year. c. At least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year. d. There were at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year. 35. the environmentalists / have tried / prevent / tourism / destroy the wildness a. The environmentalists have tried to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness. b. The environmentalists have tried in order that to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness. c. The environmentalists have tried preventing tourism from destroying the wildness. d. Thanks to the environmentalists have tried to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness. A. Read the text below and decide which answer- a, b, c or d - best fits each space. In the 1972 the Australian government (36) ______ a quota system which allowed a (n) (37) ______ number of kangaroos to be killed or 'culled' every year. Legislation was introduced because farmers claimed that the kangaroos were (38) ______ their crops. The problem is that (39) ______ two and a half million kangaroos can be killed legally each year, a further two and a half million are killed illegally. The animals are killed for a variety of (40) ______. The main one, however, is that kangaroo meat is sold for 8 human (41) ______ usually in the (42) ______ of steaks - or is used as pet food. There are also thousands of dollars to be made (43) ______ the sale of their skins. The environmental group Greenpeace and Australia's Animal Liberation (AAL) are now campaigning for a ban (44) ______ the sale of all kangaroo products. They (45) ______ that this will stop unscrupulous farmers killing the animal for (46) ______. A spokesperson for AAL said, ‘People aren't concerned because there are still (47) ______ six million kangaroos in Australia so they are (48) ______ an endangered species. People just don't care about (49) ______ like this unless there is a real threat. But we know certain types have already become extinct in some areas. We must act now (50) ______ it is too late. 36. a. introduced b. produced c. turned out d. offered 37. a. approximate b. certain c. estimated d. unknown 38. a. enriching b. injuring c. ruining d. spoiling 39. a. while b. because c. when d. unless 40. a. results b. pretexts c. excuses d. reasons 41. a. consumption b. need c. employment d. usage 42. a. shape b. disguise c. form d. figure 43. a. by b. during c. for d. from 44. a. on b. of c. for d. against 45. a. claim b. hope c. wonder d. consider 46. a. interest b. profit c. benefit d. advantage 47. a. exceedingly b. another c. over d. above 48. a. never b. hardly c. seldom d. unlikely 49. a. issues b. tasks c. duties d. cases 50. a. when b. unless c. until d. before B. Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers. Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has' had some effect, but by itself It will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 51. What is the main topic of the passage? a. The Bengal tiger b. International boycotts c. Endangered species d. Problems with industrialization 52. The word 'poachers' used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the followings? a. Illegal hunters b. Enterprising researchers. c. Concerned scientists d. Trained hunters 53. What is an act of cruelty according to the passage? a. Having interest in material gain. b. Hunting endangered animals. c. Killing animals for personal satisfaction. d. Causing the problem of extinction. . 54. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction? a. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. 9 b. Establish wildlife reserves. c. Refuse to buy animal products. d. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol. 55. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? a. Forgiving b. Surprised c. Vindictive d. Concerned Read the passage and make the correct choice: The tropical rain forests are a delight to people who (1) _____ nature. The forests are beautiful woodlands which receive (2) _____rain. Many natural resources can be derived from tropical rain forests. (3) _____natural resources are fruits, vegetables and rare herbs . Sometimes, the rain forests are cleared (4) _____ valuable timber. Hardwood like teak, mahogany and rosewood are some of the popular timber that are exported. These kinds of wood are then used (5) _____houses/and/furniture. 1.a. belong to b. love c. interested in d. became 2.a. many b. a great many c. plenty of d. a large number of 3.a. Such b. So c. Whatever d. A lot 4.a. to b. by c. with d. for 5.a. to make b. to making c. by making d. making Read the following passage and choose the best answer: We are all slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of waste-land all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instant, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. Save the Earth. This is too important to ignore. 1. The seas and rivers nowadays _____. a. cannot be swum in b. are less dirty than they used to be c. are dirty enough to swim in d. are contaminated 2. Smoke _____. a. is harmful to health b. is full of the big cities c. leads to a healthy life d. makes life in big cities difficult 3. In one well-known city, traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks _____. a. in order to protect themselves from being injured b. because there are so many cars on the streets c. in spite of poisonous gases d. because of air pollution 4. Why do farmers in parts of Africa and Asia not grow enough to eat ? a. Because many trees have been planted b. Because people cut down many trees c. Because there is too little rice d. Because there are large areas of land that cannot be used 5. Wild animals are _____. a. in danger of extinction b. being protected from natural environment c. killed so many that they cannot live in the forests d. so rare that they cannot survive HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS The greatest threat to the giant panda population is that the area in (1)__________they live is becoming smaller and more fragmented. This is (2)_____________human activities such as logging, expansion of farming into forest areas, mining, road-building Poaching In the 1980s and 1990s, there (3)______________a number of cases of panda poaching, but this has declined due to strict laws and greater public (4)______________of the panda protected status. People hunting for other animals in the panda habitat also pose a threat, (5)________.The traps they (6)musk deer 10 [...]... animals to sell for use as ingredients in traditional medicines or (9) food When there were few people and lots of forests, none of these practices would be a threat to the pandas, but nowadays they (10) _severe damage to the remaining forests 1 A which 2 A thanks for 3 A has been 4 A awares 5 A however 6 A look up 7 A in 8 A width 9 A as 10 A cure B where B due B have been B awareness B whatever... wildness B like B cause C that C because of C was C aware C wherever C set up C with C wild C near C cut D which place D because D were D taking aware of D whenever D set for D at D wide D with D cancel 11 . làm chủ ngữ N người + who + V + O - whom : chỉ người, làm tân ngữ N người + whom + S + V V + O - which : chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ N vật + which + S + V - whose : đứng sau danh từ. ): - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , là phần giải thích thêm , ta có thể bỏ được và có dấu phẩy “ ,” . - Ta dùng mệnh đề quan khơng xác định khi : + Trước danh từ quan hệ có : this /. quan hệ có : this / that / these / those / my / her / his / …… + Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng . Ex1: My father is a doctor . He is fifty years old . My father , who is fifty years