[...]... of disintegrations already in progress Nationalism was in process thus called upon a saint A when the Reformation destroyed the consciousreligious Yet this paradoxical figure revived the Christian ness of Europe In his day, as Catholic historians all agree, the popes of the Renaissance were secularized, flippant, frivolous, sensual, breaking the political unities magnificent, and unscrupulous The intelligentsia... intelligentsia did not revolt mind against the Church because the Church was so much of their and mood as scarcely to warrant a revolt Politics were emancipated 21 HERE I STAND from any concern for the faith to such a degree that the Most Christian King of France and His Holiness the Pope did not disdain a military alliance with the Sultan against the Holy Roman Em- all this Religion became again a dominant... dominant peror Luther changed factor even in politics for another century and a half Men cared enough for the faith to die for it and to kill for it If there is any sense remaining of Christian civilization in the no small measure deserves the credit West, this man Luther in naturally he is a controversial figure The multitudinous portrayals fall into certain broad types already delineated in his own... Renaissance, but a German born in remote Thuringia, where men of piety still reared churches with arches and spires straining after the illimitable Luther was himself so much a gothic figure that his faith called the last great flowering of the religion of the And he came from the most may be Middle Ages element of religiously conservative 25 HERE I STAND His father, Hans Luther, and his mother, Margaretta, were... institution at that time had not yet been invaded by Renaissance influences The classics in the curriculum, such as Vergil, had always been favorites Middle Ages Aristotelian physics was regarded as an exercise thinking God's thoughts after him, and the natural explanations in the in of earthquakes and thunderstorms did not preclude occasional direct divine causation The studies all impinged on theology, and... reports failure of mission to Hutten and Invitation to Luther Edict for sequestration of Luther' s books ready Edict issued Sickingen 18 CHRONOLOGY Worms April 16 Luther in April 17 First hearing April 18 Second hearing April 19 April 20 The emperor announces April 23-24 April 26 May May May his decision Diet requests a committee Hearings before the committee Luther leaves Worms Luther arrives at the Wartburg... Songs Praising Luther and Melanchthon 343 Evangelical and Catholic Services Contrasted 349 Illustration of the Nativity from Luther' s Bible 345 353 HERE Martyrdom of Heinrich I STAND of Zuetphen 360 Devil and Death Harass a Soul in an Unfinished Cranach Drawing 364 Luther from the Copper Plate by Daniel Hopfer (1523) 366 "A Mighty Fortress" in Luther' s Hand "The Anabaptist Preacher" Adapted from... Carthusians, mere lads, already aged by their austerities At Magdeburg, Luther looked upon the emaciated Prince William the halls of the nobility to become of Anhalt, who had a begging friar streets carrying the sack of the mendicant forsaken and walk the Like any other brother cloister "With my own eyes was fourteen years old at Magdeburg he did the manual work of the I saw him," said Luther "I I... to his entry into the monastery six dismiss these states as occasioned cence, since he his was then twenty-one and merely by adolescon- similar experiences tinued throughout his adult years Neither can one blithely write off the case as an example of manic depression, since the patient exhibited a prodigious and continuous capacity for work of a high order The explanation lies which medieval religion... "The Passion of German 153 Nobility Christ and Antichrist" 156 Page of Hutten's Protest Against the Burning of Luther' s Books at Mainz Title Luther Burning the Papal Bull Title The Page of Hutten's Diet of Worms Satire 159 165 on the Bull Against Luther 168 and the Public Peace 171 Portrait of Aleander 173 Luther with a Dove Above His Head 174 Luther' s First Hearing at Worms Luther' s Second Hearing at . -for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand. Because he took his stand, Martin Luther shat- tered the structure of medieval Catholicism and initiated Protestantism. This authoritative, dramatic biography of Alartin Luther interprets his experience, his work, writings, and lasting contributions. Vith sound historical scholarship and. and Melanchthon 345 Evangelical and Catholic Services Contrasted 349 Illustration of the Nativity from Luther& apos;s Bible 353 HERE I STAND Martyrdom of Heinrich of Zuetphen 360 Devil and Death Harass a Soul in an Unfinished Cranach Drawing . 364 Luther from. REVOLUTIONARY SAINTS: MUNTZER BANISHMENT OF THE AGITATORS XVI. BEHEMOTH, LEVIATHAN, AND THE GREAT WATERS . . 265 RIVALS: ZWINGLI AND THE ANABAPTISTS RELIGION AND SOCIAL UNREST LUTHER AND THE PEASANTS MUNTZER FOMENTS