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Architecture ebook metric handbook planning and design data. An invaluable tool for all architects, planners and designers. The leading book on planning and design data now thoroughly revised for the second edition. Includes contributions from over 30 experts. 30 chapters on the main building types ranging from airports, payment and counselling offices and retail trading; to places of worship, auditoria and student housing
EDITED BY DAVID ADLER METRIC HANDBOOK PLANNING AND DESIGN DATA SECOND EDITION Architectural Press This CD Metric Handbook CD-ROM Planning and Design Data David Adler BSc DIC CEng MICE Civil Engineering Consultant is an invaluable time-saving tool for architects and designers has over 1700 symbols dealing with all the principal building types gives you additional search, select and insert facilities shows you space requirements between furniture as well as standard sizing specifications The drawings can be used with AutoCAD R12, R13, R14 and AutoCAD LT also with MicroStation SE, MicroStation 95 and MicroStation TriForma and IntelliCAD 98. CONTENTS: Notation; Design Data; Sanitary Installations; Transport; Mechanised Movement; External Design; Workplaces; Public Buildings; High Street; Eating and Drinking; Entertainment; Sport and Leisure; Learning and Research; Dwellings 0 7506 3293 3 CD-Rom 1999 £150.00 + VAT ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY Fax: +44 (0) 1865 314572 Credit Card Hot Line Tel: +44 (0) 1865 888 180 E-mail: bhuk.orders@repp.co.uk Please add p&p at £3 for UK, £6 for Europe and £10 for Rest of World, and supply full delivery address & phone number with your order. METRIC HANDBOOK Planning and Design Data EDITED BY David Adler Architectural Press OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Architectural Press An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published as AJ Metric Handbook by The Architectural Press 1968 Second edition 1969 Third edition 1970 First published as New Metric Handbook 1979 Revised reprint 1981 Reprinted 1984, 1985, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Second edition (as Metric Handbook) 1999 © Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 1979, 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Metric handbook. – 2nd ed. 1. Architecture – Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Architecture – Standards – Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Adler, David 721'.028 ISBN 0 7506 0899 4 Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain P T LANT A REE FOR EVERY TITLE THAT WE PUBLISH, BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN WILL PAY FOR BTCV TO PLANT AND CARE FOR A TREE. Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements viii 1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Basic design data David Adler Sanitary installations and cloakrooms Alan Tye Design Ltd Design for the vehicle David Adler Aids to pedestrian movement David Adler Landscape design Michael Littlewood Terminals and transport interchanges Chris Blow Factories Jolyon Drury Industrial storage buildings Jolyon Drury Farm buildings John Weller Offices DEGW Law courts Christopher Rainford Retail trading Fred Lawson Payment and counselling offices Derek Montefiore Public service buildings Derek Montefiore Primary health care Ann Noble Hospitals Rosemary Glanville and Anthony Howard Eating and drinking Fred Lawson, John Rawson and Frank Bradbeer 19 Studios for sound and vision David Binns 20 Auditoria Ian Appleton and Joe Aveline 21 Community centres Jim Tanner 22 Swimming Gerald Perrin 23 Boating John Rawson 24 Outdoor sports and stadia Peter Ackroyd and Geraint John 25 Indoor sports Peter Ackroyd 26 Equestrian design Rod Sheard and Frank Bradbeer 27 Places of worship Leslie Fairweather, Atba Al-Samarraie and David Adler 28 Schools Guy Hawkins 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Higher education Laboratories Tony Branton and Chris Bissell Museums, art galleries and temporary exhibition spaces Geoffrey Matthews Libraries and information centres Houses and flats Ian Chown Student housing and housing for young people Liz Pride Homes for old people Ian Smith Hotels Fred Lawson and John Rawson Tropical design Martin Evans Thermal environment Phil Jones vi Contents 39 Light Joe Lynes 40 Sound Neil Spring 41 Structure David Adler 42 Fire Beryl Menzies 43 Security David Adler 44 Access for maintenance 45 Service distribution 46 Materials Appendix A The SI system Appendix B Conversion factors and tables Appendix C List of contributors Index Preface Seventeen years have passed since the last main revision of the Metric Handbook. While the changeover from the Imperial system of measurement to metric in the building industry has passed into the mists of time (it started over thirty years ago), we are still in the throes of an almost equally traumatic change. This is the change from our British system of standards and codes of practice to ones that will eventually be common over most of Europe, and even in some cases over the whole world. This radical revision of our standards is still in process. While the information in this new edition is as up to date as possible, further changes occur almost daily. While the basic concepts of design are constant so the information should be adequate for initial design purposes, the latest and fullest information should be consulted before finalisation. The bibliographies at the end of most of the chapters should assist in this. In a handbook covering such a wide field as this, it is inevitable that not everything can be as detailed as one would prefer. Statements are made that may require qualification. When frequently repeated, it becomes tedious to continually read terms such as generally, normally, in many cases. The actual use of such terms has been restricted, but the reader should treat all statements made in the book as covered by a general proviso. Each situation is unique, and its problems may demand solutions that break rules found in sources such as this. Very many people have assisted me in the preparation of this new edition, and I have built upon the many others who were responsible for material in earlier editions, going back to the three special editions of the Architects’ Journal in 1970 that started it off. I thank all of those that I remember in the Acknowledgements which follow, and apologise to those whom I fail to mention. Fuller details of major contributors than can be included in the chapter headings will be found in Appendix C at the end of the book. This new edition marks the honoured passing of the doyen of architectural reference books. I refer to Planning, The Architect’s Handbook which is now not to be republished since the recent death of its distinguished last editor, Derek Mills CBE. Planning evolved in the 1930s from weekly notes in the Architect and Building News, and was a vade-mecum for generations of architects – I myself found it invaluable as an engineering student in the fifties. I have incorporated some of its material in this new edition of the Metric Handbook, and I hope that this, while something of a johnny-come-lately, will be regarded a worthy successor. A project of this scale is bound to contain errors, and I would be grateful to be informed of any that are found. However, neither I, the contributors nor the publishers can accept responsi- bility for loss or damage resulting from inaccuracies or omissions. David Adler November 1998 Acknowledgements Organizations who have contributed and/or helped are: the British Standards Institution, Department of Environment, Trans- port and the Regions, Health and Safety Executive, Institution of Structural Engineers, Steel Construction Institute, the late lamented Greater London Council, County Councils of Cheshire, Devon, Essex and Lancashire, and the Cyclists’ Touring Club. Individuals who have made substantial contributions to the book are generally named in the chapter headings. In addition, the editor has received help from a large number of other people over the years for this and for previous editions. He wishes to express his sincere thanks to all of these. Some of those in the list below are unfortunately no longer with us, but deserve to be remembered. If anyone is omitted from the list (which is in alphabetical order), my apologies – it will be due to a fallible memory! Peter Ackroyd Don Adie Tanya Bocking Brian Barclay Brian Brookes Geoff Burt Ruth Cannock John Carter Mike Cash Richard Chisnell Mike Chrimes Renata Corbani Susan Cunningham Betsy Dinesen Francis Duffy Peter Forbes Brenda Goddard Selwyn Goldsmith Godfrey Golzen John Gridley Simon Inglis Geraint John John Jordan John Keenan Alexander Kira David Knipe Leslie Knopp Sarah Kors Mary Langshaw David Lush Jim McCluskey Tony McKendry Jay McMahan Bruce Martin Colin Moore John Nelson Anthony Noakes George Noble John Noble Paul Noble Julian Oseley Oliver Palmer Tim Pharoah Esmond Reid David Schreiber Steve Scrivens Jan Sliwa Peter Stubbs Patricia Tutt Maritz Vandenberg Neil Warnock-Smith John Weller Jeremy Wilson David Wolchover Zoë Youd A special acknowledgement to my wife Jill Adler, who took on the mammoth task of proof-reading. Extracts from British Standards are reproduced with the permission of BSI under licence number PD/19990450. Complete copies can be obtained by post from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. Crown Copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination CI/SfB (1976 revised) (A3t) and (F43) UDC: 744 and 69.032 KEY POINT: • For clear understanding the conventions must be followed. Contents 1 Notation 2 Paper sizes 3 Ordnance survey maps 4 Drawings 5 Measuring instruments 6 Dimensional coordination 7 Planning 8 References 1 NOTATION 1.01 Decimal marker The decimal marker (full stop) on the baseline is the standard decimal point in the UK; but the marker at the halfway position is also acceptable. It should be noted that Continental practice is to use the comma on the baseline. When the value to be expressed is less than unity it should be preceded by zero (e.g. 0.6 not .6). Whole numbers may be expressed without a decimal marker. The appropriate number of decimal places should be chosen depending on the circumstances in which the resulting value is to be used. Thousand marker To avoid confusion with the Continental decimal marker, no thousand marker should be used. Where legibility needs to be Table I Summary of symbols and notation improved a space can be left in large groups of digits at every thousand point. Where there are only four digits, a space between the first digit and the others is not desirable (e.g. 15 000, 1500). (However, the comma is used in currency, e.g. £115,000.) 1.02 Symbols 1 The main symbols should be used as shown in Table I. The same symbol, i.e. m, mm, kg, should be used for singular and plural values (1 kg, 10 kg), and no full stops or other punctuation marks should be used after the symbol unless it occurs at the end of a sentence. Use a ‘solidus’ or sloping line as a separator between numerator and denominator, i.e. 3 kg/m 3 or 3 kg/cu m (three kilograms per cubic metre). 2 A single space should separate figures from symbols: 10 m, not 10m. 3 The unit should be written in full if there is any doubt about the symbol. For example, the recognised unit symbol 1 for the unit litre can be confused with the number 1 and it is less confusing to write litre in full. Also, the unit symbol t for tonne may in some circumstances be confused with the imperial ton, and the unit tonne should then be written in full. 4 When symbols are raised to various powers, it is only the symbol which is involved and not the number attached to it. Thus 3 m 3 equals 3 (m) 3 and not 3 m × 3 m × 3 m (i.e. the answer is 3 cubic metres and not 27 cubic metres). 5 Difficulty may be experienced when reproducing the squaring and cubing indices m 2 or mm 2 , and m 3 or mm 3 . In such cases, units may be written with the indices on the line instead of as superscripts (m2, m3). Alternatively, particularly when the Quantity Description Correct unit Acceptable Incorrect use Notes symbol alternatives Numerical values 0.1 0.01 0.001 .1 .01 .001 When the value is less than unity, the decimal point should be preceded by zero Length metre millimetre m m. M meter mm m.m. mm. MM M.M. milli-metre Area square metre m 2 sq m m.sq sm sq.m sq m. Volume cubic metre m 3 cubic millimetre mm 3 litre (liquid volume) 1, ltr cu m cu mm cu.m m.cu. cu.mm. mm.cub. mm.cu. 1. lit. Preferably write litre in full to avoid ‘l’ being taken for figure ‘one’ Mass (weight) tonne t kilogram kg gram g ton Kg kG kg. kilogramme g. G. Preferably write tonne in full to avoid being mistaken for imperial ton Force newton N N. n Note that when used in written text, the unit of newton is spelled out in full and begins with a lower-case letter ‘n’. When used as unit symbol, in calculation or in a formula it is then expressed as capital letter ‘N’ 1-1 1-2 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination 841 general public is involved, the abbreviations ‘sq’ and ‘cu’ may be used (sq m, cu m). 6 Units should not be hyphenated (milli-metres). 1.03 Notation 1189 594 297 1 As a rule the sizes of components should be expressed in consistent and not mixed units, e.g. 1500 mm × 600 mm × 25 mm thick and not 1.5 m × 600 mm × 25 mm thick. However, for long thin components such as timbers, it is preferable to mix the units, e.g. 100 mm × 75 mm × 10 m long. 2 It is important to distinguish clearly between the metric tonne and the imperial ton. The tonne is equivalent to 2204.6 lb while the ton is equal to 2240 lb – a difference of 1.6 per cent. 3 The interval of temperature should be referred to as degree Celsius (°C) and not as centigrade. The word centigrade is used by the Continental metric countries as a measure of plane angle and equals 1/10 000th part of a right angle. 148 148 74 420 210 Examples 185 Correct use 33 m 10.100 m 50.750 kg Incorrect use 3 cm 3 mm 10 m 100 mm* 50 kg 750g *Note. Some metric values are expressed differently in certain countries. The value of 10.100 m, for example, could mean ten thousand one hundred metres and not ten metres one hundred millimetres, as in the UK. 2 PAPER SIZES The International A-series of paper sizes is used for all drawings and written material. eq 2.01 Sizes in the A-series The A range is derived from a rectangle A0, 1.1, of area 1 m 2 with sides x and y such that x:y = 1:√2 (i.e. x = 841 mm; y = 1189 mm). The other sizes in the series are derived downwards by pro- gressively halving the size above across its larger dimension. The proportions of the sizes remain constant, 1.2. 2.04 Drawing boards 2.02 Trimmed sizes and tolerances Drawing boards are currently manufactured to fit A-size paper, The A formats are trimmed sizes and therefore exact; stubs of tear- while vertical and horizontal filing cabinets and chests have off books, index tabs, etc. are always additional to the A internal dimensions approximately corresponding to the board dimensions. Printers purchase their paper in sizes allowing for the sizes listed in Table III. Boards, cabinets and chests designed for following tolerances of the trimmed sizes: the pre-metric paper sizes are still in use. • For dimensions up to and including 150 mm, +1.5 mm • For dimensions greater than 150 mm up to and including 600 mm, +2 mm 3 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPS • For dimensions greater than 600 mm, +3 mm. Recommended methods of folding the larger A-sized prints are given in 1.3. 3.01 Ordnance Survey maps are now based completely on metric measurements and are immediately available to the following scales: Y X 1.1 Derivation of the rectangle A0, which has a surface area of 1m 2 1.2 A-sizes retain the same proportion (1:√ 2), each size being half the size above A size mm A0 841 × 1189 A1 594 × 841 A2 420 × 594 A3 297 × 420 A4 210 × 297 A5 148 × 210 A6 105 × 148 A7 74 × 105 A8 52 × 74 A9 37 × 52 A10 26 × 37 trimmed sizes folding A1 size 1.3 A-series of paper sizes 2.03 Pre-metric paper sizes Old drawings will frequently be found in the sizes common prior to the changeover to metric. These sizes are given in Table II. 1:50 000, 1:25 000, 1:10 000, 1:25 000 and 1:1250. However, new computer methods of storage and retrieval mean that maps can be supplied to any desired scale. Table II Pre-metric paper and drawing board sizes Name Half imperial Imperial Double elephant Antiquarian Paper size 559 × 381 762 × 559 1016 × 679 1346 × 787 Board size 594 × 405 813 × 584 1092 × 737 1372 × 813 measurements represent 297 297 eq 185 1189 841 594 594 420 210 841 105 105 210 [...]... heights and room heights for residential buildings ISO 2776: 1974 Modular co-ordination – co-ordinating sizes for door-sets – external and internal General Graphical aids for tolerances and fits: handbook for manufacturers, designers and builders, Building Research Establishment Report, London, HMSO, 1974 2 Basic design data David Adler KEY POINTS: Certain dimensions are crucial to individual use and health... satisfaction for the majority of users 910 245 160 545 495 440 and activity spaces • Sanitary provision vehicles in Chapter in Chapter 3 Requirements for 4 • External and landscape design in Chapter 6 • Eating and drinking in other than domestic situations in Chapter • 18 325 790 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter will be found basic data which are needed for the design of most types of buildings However, some basic... worktop is between 50 mm above and 100 mm below elbow height, and that shoes are worn height of the person concerned For delicate tasks: between 50 and 1000 mm above elbow height For heavy tasks, particularly those involving downward pressure on the workpiece: between 100 and 300 mm below elbow height 3.02 Standing worktops Worktops at which people stand are found in factories and in the home kitchen Since... people may also need handholds, and many of these are only able to use one of their hands Crutch users often find ramps more of a problem than steps Ideally, all wheelchair ramps should be adjacent to supplementary steps as in 2.22 4.08 People with other mobility impairments Dimensions of people using walking sticks and walking frames are given in 2.33 and 2.34 Basic design data 2-13 5 CIRCULATION... imperial and metric sizes If work is being done on an old building that was built to imperial dimensions, and it is desired to show these on new drawings, show them in feet, inches and fractions of an inch to an accuracy of 1/16th inch, followed by the metric equivalent in brackets to the nearest millimetre The reverse should never be required Imperial dimensions may be indicated by the abbreviations ft and. .. Interrupted grid and neutral zones (tartan) These allowances (termed ‘boundary conditions’) should be in multiples of 25 mm They may be uneconomic to produce, limiting the applications of the product to which they apply 1-12 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination Table VII Planning use classes under the Town and Country Planning (use Classes) Order 1987 as amended 1991 and twice in... ranges 1:100 1:50 1:20 Component details 1:10 1:5 1:1 Assembly 1:20 1:10 1:5 * These sizes are below the limits for hand-drawn grids Increment represented (mm) controlling zone zone dimension controlling dimension 1.25 Facial control Relation between structural and planning grids Structural and planning grids may coincide but do not necessarily do so The controlling dimensions for spacing structural elements... available in 30m and 50m lengths Tapes are graduated at intervals of 100 mm, 10 mm (with the 50 mm centre graduation mark ‘arrowed’) and 5 mm The first and last metre of the tape are further subdivided into minor graduation marks at 1 mm intervals (see 1.15) Note that synthetic material tapes, however, are not subdivided into millimetres over the first and last metre 5.03 Chains Studded steel band chains... 1906 6.08 Dimensionally co-ordinated products Section 5 of DD 51 lists British Standards where products are dimensionally coordinated Many appear in Chapter 46 of this handbook 7 PLANNING 7.01 In most countries of the world some permit or permission is required for building to take place In Britain, this involves seeking planning permission from the local authority in whose area the development is proposed... practice, recommendations for architectural and engineering drawings BS 1192: Part 3: 1987(1993) Construction drawing practice, recommendations for symbols and other graphic conventions BS 1192: Part 4: 1984 Construction drawing practice, recommendations for landscape drawings BS 4484: Part 1: 1969 Measuring instruments for constructional works Metric graduation and figuring of instruments for linear measurement . EDITED BY DAVID ADLER METRIC HANDBOOK PLANNING AND DESIGN DATA SECOND EDITION Architectural Press This CD Metric Handbook CD-ROM Planning and Design Data David Adler BSc DIC CEng MICE Civil. publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Metric handbook. – 2nd ed. 1. Architecture – Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Architecture – Standards – Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Adler, David 721'.028 ISBN. p&p at £3 for UK, £6 for Europe and £10 for Rest of World, and supply full delivery address & phone number with your order. METRIC HANDBOOK Planning and Design Data EDITED BY David Adler Architectural