TONG QUAN VE MANET CHUCING 1. TONG QUAN Vt MANET Chuang nay trinh bay cac khai niem tong quan nit& ve MANET, cac img dyng trong nhieu Huh vcre cutjc song cua MANET. Dting thtri, de cOp den cac thach thirc ma MANET dang phai 461 mot. 1.1 Mit diu Mang may tinh to lau da ter thank mot phiin khong the thieu d6i veri nhieu vyt din sting, xa hOi. Tir cac hg thling mang eye bO den he thong mpg town  nhu Internet, mang may tinh dim mpi ngutri tren the gieri den gAn nhau hon. MOi ngtan duqc tiep can voi mot ngu6n th8ng tin, tri thirc phong Xa hOi phat trien, con ngoai von dung kh8ng ngimg, mot ngueri ket noi vao mpg bin cap vet l5/ thi viec di chuyen mem hp se bi han che. Nhu cau clOt ra lit vita ket n6i, vita c6 the di chuyen 6 bit dr tin mot each dun gib. Dieu nay khien cho ngluth cling nghiep mang khong day c6 tiem Ming phat trien mph me. MANET let mot kieu mang khong day rat linh hoot. N6 11 top hqp elm hai hay nhieu thiet bi doge trang bi khi Ming n6i mang va truyen thong khong day. Cac thiet bi nhu vOy c6 the giao tiep yen tit ca thiet bi mang Ichic ngay kip tut trong dai vo tuyen (yang phit sang, pham vi ma thiet bi mang 46 nhon biet duqc) hay mot thiet bi vo tuyen khic nAm ngotli dai vet ' tuyen cua chin vai dieu kien c6 cac node trung gian de chuyen tiep th'Ong tin ter node ngu'6'n den node dich. Thiet bi ho trq MANET da clang va sir dyng kha ph6 bien nhu laptop, dien thoai di dOng Internet. Vi co nhieu uu the vuqt trOi va nhittng thach thirc can gilti quyet, ngity nay MANET da va dang duqc nghien ciru trien khai titbit conga mot s6 ntrac ma ph6 bien la MANET dk biet hau ich trong cac Ung dung nhu khic phyc tham hpa thien nhien, qu6c phong, y te, hOi nghi nen c6 xu huang (mg dyng rung tai tren the giai. 1.2 Kluli nitm MANET la to hqp cum cac node di dOng duqc ket n6i vtri nhau bing cac lien kit khong day, cac node to do di chuyen nen kien true mang ce the thay 461 lien tic ma khong dy dofin duqc. Moi node mang c6 mot giao dien vo tuyen giao tiep ved cac node mang khac thong qua sang vo tuyen hok hang ngoai. Cac mang nay kitting dung bit cir stir he; trq ca s6 ha tang mang c6 dinh hay chiu str quirt li t#p trung nao. Day la mot dOc diem rieng biet cum MANET so vai cac mang khong day truy'en th6ng: mang chia mang WLAN, trong do cac node (cac thue bao di dung) lien lac veri nhau thong qua tram vo tuyen ca 56. Triin Viin Tuin-A14325  3 TONG QUAN VE MANET Ilinh 1.1 sMo hinh mb lib khcii niem MANET Trong MANET kh8ng ton tai khii niem quirt ly top trung. N6 dim bito mang se khong hi s$p vi truing hqp nit mpg di chuyen ra ngoai khoting truyen din ctia cac nut mong khac. Nut mong co the ra vao bat cu lac nio. Do khoang truyen din dm nut mang lit han cht nen chfing trao deri thong tin bang phuong phap truyen gen tin qua nhieu btrerc (Multihops). De lam duce dieu nay, thi tat ca ale nut mang phai ce khi nang chuyin tiep gen tin den nut mong khic, do voy tat ca cac nut mong trong MANET c6 the hoot dOng nhtr may tram vi router. Nut mong co the bao gam met router va met may tram lien ket yen nhau. MOt router thus hien cac giao thirc dinh tuyen, may tram di Ong c6 dia chi IP. MANET cling ci khi niing thqc hien thay dOi ve cAu hinh mang va khic phtic str c6 cua nut mpg thong qua till' tuc cau hinh Ini mpg. Vi du: Neu nut mang rbi Mei mang se gay ra six ceo lien ket, nut mang bi anti huerng ea the yeu au duimg dinh tuyen va van de se duqc giii quyet. Dieu nay se gay ra tre tren mang, tuy nhien yea nguai sir dung MANET yin hoot dOng binh thuong. MANET c6 nhieu uu diem cim mong truyen thong vo tuyen thong thutmg: lien ket gifts cac nut mang duqc hinh Wirth ngay khi chimg nim trong khoimg truyen din cim nhau. Tran Van Turin-A 14325  4 TONG QUAN VE MANET 1.3 D#c diem MANET thuimg duqc mo to c6 cau truc mang they dii do stir thay doi vi tri dui cac nut mpg. Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen c6 ca the tv phat hien cac thay d6i ve djnh tuyen thong qua cac thultt town (firth tuyen thong thueng nhu vector Idioang cach vi tang thai cac lien ket. MOt &lc diem !chic cila cac net mang trong MANET: bj ON han ve kha nang dm CPU, X) nher, dung lizong pin va bang thong. Khi niing Itrong sir dung bj gitri han ;coo theo gi6i han ve khi &Mg truyen din. Thiel N truy nhop, men truing vo tuyen cling co cac d#c diem d(ic biet ma ngu&i this& k'e can km tam khi dim ra cac giao they djnh tuyen cho MANET. Vi du: cac lien ket mot chi'eu, no St hien trong trutmg hqp 2 nut mpg c6 cong sulk phat khic nhau nen co khoing truyen din khic nhau, chi cho phip mot nut mpg nghe net mpg Ida. Lien kit mot chieu chi co trong MANET, khong ton tai trong mang ti bao. Sir dung phucmg phip djnh tuyen nhieu buck thi cac nut mang co the tiet kiem duqc Wing luting phit ra. 1.4 (rug dyng MANET duqc Ong dung cho hOi thio, Ong dung trong quail sv. N6 cling dirge sir dung cho trutmg hqp trien khai ca so ha tang mang la kW) khan. Vi khich hang co the chia se tep tin de lieu o gm bay, sinh vien trao doi thong tin yeti nhau trong tiet hnc Khi may tinh di dOng giao tiep th8ng qua giao di'en mpg LAN vo tuyein, thi nhom cac may tinh de hlnh thinh MANET, khi de may tinh co the truy tulip Internet, tai nguyen tren mang filar may in, may scan 1.4.1 Dick vg Min dip Trdn Van TuAn-A 14325  5 TONG QUAN VE MANET Binh 1.2 Ong dung cho chc dick vy khan dip kid cif thien tai Bit 14 diu khi cep truerng hop khan *thy ra  cin ca Au ket hop cha ate Whin vien ciru ha. Gill phi, thong thubng la dung thiet bj v8 tuyen. Tuy nhien, khi co so hg ding bj hang holk kh8ng cbn host dung thl gill phip Ih gl? MANET chink lh chu trit Iii nhanh nhAt va pha hop nhAt. Dieu nay co the kheing nghia v6i khu vtrc ton that nho, tuy nhien voi than hoe thien nhien c6 khu vtrc anh huerng tan phi rang letn, viec lien lac nit quan tong nen MANET tr6 thanh gill phip httu ich. 1.4.2 MY nglei Trong hOi ngh1, hOi thho an trao 461 thong tin gifts chc dui bieu hap v6i hOi nghj khic. Day la mOt nhu eau lbn trong thin dpi phis trim nhanh vi thong tin nhu hien nay, khi ml gill phip homenetwork chua that so sin sang. Gill phip hien tgi la sir dung clic mpg c6 son cho ate dal bieu them do tuy nhien ne co 40 tre lam, vi du gill phip Mobile IP . VI MANET la gill phip chi& uu the. HInh L3 ling dung trong ctic h¢i nghi Train Van Tucin-A14325  6 de r seas11 ■ 1 OD Mongol  MO ernes 1 1/4 V Computer 2 Computer .1 toe vssa PrIntst 1 : 1 lc\ awn  d t empust alk T . 3 Sin11111.0 1 Computer • ErderteMswent Consoles TONG QUAN VE MANET 1.4.3 Home Networking 1(0 rang au hien dien caa may tinh xich toy yr] Ong dung klgong day lam nhu au ve home network tang coo. Viec sfr dung ky thuit al* MANET cho phap Chung ur au hinh va hinh thinh mang, diet' nay tien lqi cho ca ngubi khOng that au am hieu ye mpg cling nhu gam thurc chi phi cho xity dung thief ke mpg. Han rata, neu to ce nhu au sir dung may tinh 6 dog so, trutmg huc thi kh6i lirqng thong tin quirt mpg giant xutong ro rat Rink 1.4 Ong dung cho home networking 1.4.4 Myng cd Wain (PAN) 6 thtri dpi thong tin till 1 ngubi an mang then nhieu c8ng cu h8 trq cho Ong viec (dien thaii, Palm. . .) khi chang duqc lien kit v6i nhau hlnh thanh mpg a nhan PAN thi a) rang mang lai Mau tien ich han cho ngubi sit dung. PAN Li mpg di gang do con ngubi klgong the ng6i yen melt cht3, tuy nhiin khi kit neoi vai ming PAN khic can trq glop ala MANET. Trim Van Tan -A1432.5  7 TONG QUAN VE MANET Binh 1.5 Ong dm cho wing ai Man 1.4.5 Hi thing nkung (anbetkd system) Ngly cling c6 nhieu may mac can kit n6i yen nheng vat xung quash Uri then nhu au cos MANET. No c6 the la d6 choi co kith !ging kit a& mpg, twang tic duqc vbi home network de tim kiim (lit lieu ben Internet hock c6 the kit n6i vai din thoai, c6 the dieu chinh volume cutt TV khi c6 cuOc gqi din dip (mg nhiiu nhu ciu cM ngueri sil dung. 1.4.6 Ming xe 4 (vehicular network) VANET (Vehicular MANET Network) goi la mpg xe cO MANET, la he thing ming khong can co se ha tang, dugs tao thinh tfr oic phuong tien xe c0 luu thong tree dirtmg. Ch(mg duqc trang bi thiit bi thu phat di c6 the lien lac, chin se vi trap d6i thong tin vii nhau gieng Whir mat nut trong MANET. Thong tin trao d6i trong ming VANET bao gem thong tin ye luu luvng xe cO, doh trang ket xe, tai nail giro thong, nguy lam can trinh va al nhang djch vy thong thiriong nhu djch vq da phuong lien, Internet Triin Vein Tucin-A14325  8 TONG QUAN MANET Binh 1.6 Ong dung cho wing xe 1.4.7 Mang cdm biin (sensor network) Mang cam Men khong day la met ung dung then hlnh mkt MANET. Hien nay di c6 nhdmg gain tam ding ice cho sit phit tan kilo man nay, chit yeti li trong gain sit, cong an, tinh bio, kilo c6 hqc, nghien citu dia I. . . Cic bit cim Wen c6 the to kich thtroc nho nhung kha Laing truyin thong va luu tri tuong &Si tot. Trong quail sit di dung nhing may m6c hien dal nhung kich a gin nhu hat bui nen Ai phuong nit khe phit hien vi phi hay chimg. Trong Huh Arc y te, ale b0 cam bien cho ph6p giant sit lien tuc thong tin lieu chum ire MI song. Trong tong nghe thuc phim, k9 thuot ship cam bien duqc ip dung de gum sit chit Itrqng to the gitip ngin mitt cic sin phim khong chit yeu citu nth tang mirk thou min cho khich hang. Trong ding nghiep, the bit cam biota to the giim xic dinh chit luqng dit tr8ng vi dO im, chimg ding ce the phit hien cic hqp chit kink. Ngoii ra, cic b0 cam Wen ding duqc sus dung rang trong th8ng tin thin ties vi moi trutmg. 1.5 Nhttng thick thin 661 vet MANET L5.1 C7s1 phi cho vifc drag this se taw het the MANET this nghiem hien nay du dna tea bang tin ISM. De ngin ngira nhilu, MANET phii host dung qua met so dii phi cu the No d6, duqc cep phit. Ph6 tin khong chi duqc cAp phit vi giim sit chot the ml con cin phai dtrqc frit phi. 1.5.2 Co chi tray nk#p Thin Van Tuitn-A 14325  9 TONG QUAN VE MANET Khong gitmg nhu mang to bao, trong MANET khong co sir dieu khien tip trung va dOng bo toim cvc. Do d6 cac phucmg phap da truy nh#p truyen thong nhu TDMA vi FDMA khong con thich hop nut Ngosi ra, nhieu giao thirc dieu khien truy nh#p phuong tien MAC (Media Access Control) cling khong giai quyet dirge sir di dOng elm aft mang. Do v#y, cac icy thuot 1#p ljch trinh vi djnh thin de h6 thy QoS gip nhieu kh6 khan. Trong MANET, do cimg mOt phuong tien truyen thong dirge chia se boi nhieu ben tham gia nen dal tic truy nhkip den kenh chung phai dugc thvc hien theo kieu phan bo nh6 sir h6 trg cua giao thirc MAC. Giao thirc MAC phai tinh den truy nh#p kenh trong khi dOng than phiti tint' duce sq xung dOt vOi cac nut Ian c#n. Do va'y, khi firth toast thiet ki cac giao thirc MAC cho MANET phai tinh den khi riling di chuy'en, van de du cu& An va cac van de lien quan khic. 1.5.3 Dfrth tuyin vd chuyln flip gdi tin trong MANET 13#c tinh dOng cim MANET gay ra sq thay den thtemg xuyen va kh6 dorin try& cua topo mang, lam tang do kh6 va dO phirc tap de djnh tuyen gifts cac nut di dOng. Nhieu giao thirc vi thuot toan djnh tuyen di dirge de xutit cho MANET, thy nhien mai giao thirc lai co mot hart the rieng. Do vf)y, nghien ciru ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET la mOt van de rat quan trong. 1.5.4 Hiss cud sir dung nguein nuoi HAu het cac giao thirc trong mang hien nay khong quan tarn den fieu ton niing lircmg nguon nuoi vi ciic may chic vi ciic b0 tinh tuyen thubng duct gia djnh la tinh va dugc cap nguon tir ngu6n dien chinh. Tuy nhien, cac thiet bi di dOng hau het dugc cap nguon ti nguon nag dOc lip. Kg thulit nguiln nuoi vim thirimg di chin hun so yen ky thuat vi xis ly. Thai gian cap nguon dm pin loyi tot nhu Li-ionh hien nay cling chi ttii da tir 2 den 3 gib (hien nay da co mOt se• laptop co thbi gian sir dung len den 8h, tuy nhien gia thinh van con kha cao). Sv gi6i hart than gian hog dong nhu the mai len tinh can thiet phai bao ten tot nguon nuoi. Difc biet, din yen MANET, do cac this& bi di ding phai thirc hien vai tr6 cim ca he thOng diu can (twang tic ngueri dimg khi thvc hien cac img dung nguai dimg) lim vai tr6 cua mOt he thing trung gian (chuyen tiep gei tin) nen se tieu ton niing lin:mg nguon nuoi mOt cach dang ke, d#c biet la cac nut trung gian. 1.5.5 Dr tittle TCP Trail Van Tulin-A 14325  10 TONG QUAN VE MANET TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) la met giao thirc cutn-cuSi duqc thiet ke phvc vv viec dieu khien nghen va dieu khien luting trong mang. TCP la met giao thirc huffing lien ket nen can c6 met giai doan thiet lop ket not uu tien cho viec truyen dtY lieu. Ket not bi loci be khi viec truyen da lieu hoin think. Val intend hien nay, giao thirc mang IP li phi ket not nen an co met giao thirc truyen din luremg ket not ding tin coy qua met giao thirc mang khong tin coy. Tuy nhien, TCP gii sir ring cic nut trong tuyen la tinh nen viec dieu khien nghen vi dieu khien luting chi duqc thvc hien cic nut ngu6n vi dich. TCP dip vio viec do dac thin gian thin trinh-RTT (Round Trip Time) vi mirc ton tht gel de ket luon la cif) nghen mach xiy ra trong mang hay khong. TCP kh8ng the phiin biet duqc sq co tinh di Ong vi skr nghen mang. Cic nut chuyen di e ing trong met kit not c6 the giy ten thAt gel vi liun cho RTT dii hon. Do voy, an co met so cii lien de bio dim ring giao thirc any& din thvc hien tot ma thong inh larding den thong ligmg truytn thong cu6i-cu6i. 1.5.6 Club lufmg dick vp (QoS) Khi nang cung cap QoS cua met mang phv thuec vio cic dk tinh ben trong cfia toin be the thinh phin mang, tir cic lien ket truyen phit den tang MAC vi tang mpg. Cic ket not khong day c6 niing hp thip vi hay thay doi, ti le 18i cao. Cic topo mpg Ii deng vi c6 tY le mat goi cao. Cic giao thirc MAC dip tren truy nhOp ngiu nhien khong he toy QoS. Cic giao thirc MAC QoS giii guy& van de ve xung det phtrang tien, h6 trq truyen thong unicast tin coy, vi cung cap viec dq trey tai nguyen cho cic luu Itripg thou gian thvc trong mei twang kh8ng day phin tin. Riit nhieu cic giao thirc MAC vi cic cii tien dirge de xuat de cung cap viec dim bio QoS cho luu Itopg thed gian thvc trong mei truang khong day phin tin bao gem giao thirc GAMA/PR vi co the xung det BB. 1.5.7 Tinh an loin vd bdo mkt M6i truing vo tuyen trong MANET la "mei ngon bdo be" cho cic cuec dui cong ma° dank do dAc tinh quing bi ciut no. Cic giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET can c6 ho trq tinh nAng xic thvc, mA him de ning cao tinh an toin, hien ntig cua mpg. Tr4n Van Tudn-A14325  11 TONG QUAN VE MANET TONG KET Chuang nay da trinh bay nhang ly thuyet tong quan ve MANET. Trong MANET, topo ming thuang xuyen thay &Si. Do vay, cac giao thfrc djnh tuyen trong MANET can giii quyet stir di chuytn cfia nut, ring buijc rang lugng, bang thong. Trion Van Tuan-A14325  12 [...]... xuit de ktt hqp uu diem cim 2 logi giao thirc tren va khic phgc cac nhtrqc diem Gila chimg Thong thuimg, cac giao thirc lai duqc trien khai trong mpg ci ciu trim phan cap Cfic giao thirc dinh tuyen theo bang va theo yeu au duqc trien khai trong cac cap thich hqp MOt si vi dv ve giao thirc dinh tuyen lai ghep: giao thirc djnh tuyen vimg ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol), giao thirc djnh tuyen tong thai lien... MANET Minh 2.2 Phan loci cac giao Mac djnh tuyin trong MANET • Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang (table-driven): Trong phuong phip djnh tuyen theo bang, cac node trong mang MANET lien tic dinh gia cac tuyen tot cac node de duy tri tinh Wong thich, cop nhat cfm th8ng tin djnh tuyen Vi v4y, nits node nguiin co the dua ra molt dtrbng djnh tuyen ngay lop tire !chi can Trong cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo... mong muen tren mang la thich thirc dei v6i cac giao thin trong MANET Hinh 2.1 He ton da ca ban me ki moi inning MANET You cau dei voi mOt giao thirc djnh tuyen cho MANET la gi? Sau day la mOt se you cau quan trong: • Hoot dong phan tan: Giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET phai II giao thirc phan tan yeu cau dO tin c#y cao Do cat nut 11 di dOng nen giao attic djnh tuyen t#p trung la khong phe hqp M8i nut... tri tuyen la tOi quan trong d6i yea ac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo yeu au So veil cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang, cac giao thirc djnh tuyen then you au thuang co tieu de trao d6i thong tin djnh tuyen nhO bun VI voy, ve mat nguyen tic, cac giao thirc nay a kha nang mer tong tot ham d6i v6i ac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang Tuy nhien, van de Ian nhit ciut cac giao thire djnh tuyen theo you au la tre"... dO lieu Vi du ye mOt so giao thirc djnh tuyen theo you cau glint giao thirc djnh tuyen nguin dOng DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), giao thirc djnh tuyen vector khoitng each theo yeu au AODV (Ad hoc On- demand Distance Vector routing) vi giao thin djnh tuyen theo thir to tam thai TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) Tran Van Tuan-A14325 18 DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET • Cac giao thirc djnh tuyin lai...DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET CHUONG 2 DINH TUYEN TRONG MANET D#c tinh dOng cua MANET gay ra str thay d6i thutong xuyen va kh6 down twee cua topo mpg, lam tang dg kh6 va do phirc top de djnh tuyen giaa cac nut di &Ong Nhieu giao thirc djnh tuyen duqc dua ra, toy nhien, chimg van gap phai mOt s6 han chi that djnh Chucmg nay trinh bay 4 loci giao thee trong MANET: OLSR, AODV, DSR va DYMO 2.1 Giao thee djnh... cac nut tap hqp thong tin topo mpg cho viec djnh tuyen Ngoai cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo topo, mOt s6 giao thirc djnh tuyen theo dich duqc de xuAt cho MANET Trong cac giao thirc nay, mOt nut chi can biet next-hop tren dui ng dinh tuyen khi chuyen tiep gei tin ten dich Vi du, DSR la giao thirc dinh tuyen theo topo va AODV, DSDV la giao thirc djnh tuyen theo dich Viec sin ce caa he thAng dinh v1 toll)... dich trong entry tuyen cila chinh no vai so thin tkr dich trong ban tin RREQ de xac dinh xem tuyen do co dung duqc hay khong Neu so thin tlr dich trong ban tin RREQ Ian han, nut trung gian se khong sir dung tuyen trong bang entry tuyen cum no de dap ling RREQ Khi do, flat trung gian se tiep tuc quang ba RREQ Cac nut trung gian chi Ira 16i khi s6 thir to dich trong bang entry cila no len ham so vai trong. .. cho chimg biet ve tat ca cac tuyen di dirt Triin Van Tulin-A 14325 35 DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG MANET TONG KET Qua viec nghie'n ciru mOt s6 giao that trong MANET to c6 the thAy rang chua c6 giao that nio c6 dAy dpi cac tinh 'tang va kh8ng the khing dinh giao thac nao la thi uu cho MANET Tuy ration, chac nAng chinh cua cat giao thtic la tun duct throng di tei dich, kh8ng phai dutmg ngAn nhat hay dubng t6i... djnh tuyen vi chuyin tiep goi tin trong MANET Giong nhu mpg c6 day, cic giao thirc dinh tuyen QoS cho MANET ce the sir dung cac metric, nhu la bang thong, tre, tre jitter, ti le 16i gel tin va chi phi Vi du, bang thong va dO 6n dinh lien ket duqc sir dung trong CEDAR lam metric cho viec xay dung tuyen dutmg 2.2.4.2 iforc luryng topo, dich, vj tri cho djnh tuyen Trong mOt giao thirc dinh tuyin theo topo . mai giao thirc lai co mot hart the rieng. Do vf)y, nghien ciru ve cac giao thirc djnh tuyen trong MANET la mOt van de rat quan trong. 1.5.4 Hiss cud sir dung nguein nuoi HAu het cac giao. cac giao thirc Binh tuyen cho manh MANET doge phan chia nhu With 2.2. Minh 2.2 Phan loci cac giao Mac djnh tuyin trong MANET • Cac giao thirc djnh tuyen theo bang (table-driven): Trong. trien khai trong mpg ci ciu trim phan cap. Cfic giao thirc dinh tuyen theo bang va theo yeu au duqc trien khai trong cac cap thich hqp. MOt si vi dv ve giao thirc dinh tuyen lai ghep: giao thirc