CHUYÊN ĐỀ : Al 3+ + DUNG DỊCH KIỀM Lý thuyết : AlCl 3 + NaOH → Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + KOH → Al(NO 3 ) 3 + KOH → AlCl 3 + Ca(OH) 2 → Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Ba(OH) 2 → Phương trình ion : Al 3+ + OH - → Al(OH) 3 Al + OH - → AlO 2 - AlO 2 - + H + + H 2 O → Al(OH) 3 Ví dụ 1 :      !"#$% &'()* Luyện tập : Câu 1 : +,*-  .."/01   2 3   ."/045$678"0/045$69:;&%<$ .= -.= .> ?.> Câu 2 :  .%@9&A .B045$"/0 .C &%<9:$AD Câu 3 :8 E&+"84&%@9&1  .;"045$9:D Câu 4 :A F0(G&    %@9& .;"/0 45$9: A Câu 5 : A F0(G&    %@9& ."/0 >=45$ A9: Câu 6HA .*.  "/0>.IC45$ A Câu 7H *.J.45$"54G&/04!"K& "/0=.C:<L M"#$  Câu 8HF0(1M1/0//9;%< 4 5N1  /;"/0.= 4  (O(O<P4G&/0$%:<F0( 1E&5%4 "Q"&R4&S&+T Câu 9H&F0(M-.(OEUH VWOH</9/"/0.33 4 "4- VWOH<-/"/0.3C 4 "4 X 4G&/04&Y& <F0(E"O EX-2()*"/0=.I45$ M"#$ Câu 10:+3G"ZM"#.4:["R9&() *:[<G\.I45$+G4:["R:[ ()*])[<"/0.C45$ M"#  -.  ?. C©u 11: Trong 1 cèc ®ùng 200 ml dd AlCl 3 2M. Rãt vµo cèc V ml dd NaOH nång ®é a mol/l, ta thu ®îc mét kÕt tña, ®em sÊy kh« vµ nung ®Õn khèi lîng kh«ng ®æi th× ®îc 5,1g chÊt r¾n a) NÕu V = 200 ml th× a cã gi¸ trÞ nµo sau ®©y: A. 2M B. 1,5M hay 3M C. 1M hay 1,5M D. 1,5M hay 7,5M b) NÕu a = 2 mol/l th× gi¸ trÞ cña V lµ: A. 150 ml B. 650 ml C. 150 ml hay 650 ml D. 150 ml hay 750 ml Câu 12 : F0(1M%4&Y&.^_.-&1(OEUH WO`%@9&/9/."/0.I>C 4    WO``%@9&/"/a.CI 4    WO```%@9&/"0.3 4     (O<P4G&/0%4&Y&<F0(1 2()*Q(O``.J"/06. 8 O+6"8H "/0/045$&R: -"/0.C45$ NHÔM VÀ HỢP CHẤT CỦA NHÔM Câu 1: b. .3M.3^_  c.C  2 3   .3   2 3 "/045$d&%<$ A. .CIB. .CC. 3.ID. .C3 Câu 2: F0(1M          "/06e*: [:\M"#.K&4     /6"/045$d&%<$O/0 A. I.=.B. .=.IC. ..>D. I.=.I Câu 3: F0(1M1#/0//9;%<A 4 5N1 /;"/0.=A 4 (O(O<P_4G&/0$<1 A. >.I=fB. ==.fC. 3>.I=fD. >.I=f Câu 4: b"5/  &S/0])[< A. \45$4_<L\4 E[+B. \45$4_<L.'"\45$ C. 4!\45$.\4 E[+D. e\45$4_<L Câu 5: 5=.=3F0(E#.EUF0(  2 3 .I"/0 1I.=C 4   Q"4!Y1"/0/0G&4 A. I.>B. .IC. .>D. ==.IC Câu 6: 7G\#F0(MC^_    <"&R4&S4!\4!4 "54&()*])[< ."/0F0(<L11%@"$9&A'&<.C   Q"4d&%<$ A A. B. C. D.  Câu 7: I.ICF0(M    g."/01.C  Q"4F0(6M&4 4!.<"\\#4 \h<4!4 ,G&/0$6.I /1"\.4!\4 i&4&%<WO<P4G&/0$<F0( E"O A. >.fB. .IfC. .fD. .f Câu 8: 3=.3(j,2 3     /9."/01E#1%@ 9&-  .'()*"/045$d&%<$ A. =.IB. 3C.CC. 3.3D. C. Câu 9: F0(.1*F0(]&]&  2 3 .."/0.  Q"46&8 4!"K&?6\( A. B. C. CD. = Câu 10: <#*  9&*E78"/045$;O\eS A. HEkH3B. HElHC. HElH3D. HEmH3 Câu 11:   .%@9&A ../045$"/0.C d&%<9:$A A. .B. .IC. .3D.  Câu 12: +4&*-  .."/01 1  2 3   ."/045$678"/0/045$69:;&%<$ A. .>B. .=C. .=D. .> Câu 13: A *.  2 3   .  2 3 "54&()* ."/0=.I45$d&%<9:$A"8"/0/045$<+ A. .3B. .C. .D. . Câu 14: .F0(M 3    ,/."/0F0(4  12@4   /1./045$"/03C.Id&%<$ A. .B. .CC. .3D. .3 Câu 15: F0(M\eS'G/a*H/9/24&%()*])[< ."/0I.>C 4   Q"4:<L4!d&%<$ A. .IB. .3C. =.ID. 3. Câu 16: EGF0(.F&F0(M&:<L\'GEUH      c^_  2 3   c-     c-2 3 2GF0(\8</9/eY< A. B. C. 3D.  Câu 17: .3#4&Y&5<  g."/0>3.I4  ]  [ ')(T4n [:.Q"4\e4G&"G&9&  EU,  ]  [ 4&Y& A.   ^_B.   C.   D.  Câu 18: F0(M.^_  2 3 g/24&%()*])[<. "/01-  /1."/045$66<4!4 "54G& /04!"K&."/0:<Lo A. F0(M    ^_    B. F0(M-2 3 ^_     C. F0(M-2 3 ^_D. ^_     Câu 19: p.F0(1M  "q.\"/0.33 4   ')(T4n[:.Q"462@4   /6.'4&()*])[< "/045$WO<PR4G&/0$<F0(1&%<$O/0 A. =I.f.B. .>f.C. =I.f.=ID. .>f.=I Câu 20: \F0(M^_   3 <"&R4&S4!\4!4 24&()*])[< ."/0F0(<L11%@9&/"/06.:<Lo.C 4   Q"42@4   /6."/0>45$d&%<$ A. 3I.B. 3.CC. C.=D. =. Câu 21: 7&S(h\)[    9&;&S':"&S(hf"/04QC=.  Q "4F0(4 1\e4G&'9&&"<EUCB:[.3 Q"4F0(4 1'@/9!&< /"/045$d&%<$ A. C=.B. 3.C. =.CD. I. Câu 22:  &S'"h[\45$'()* A. "5/<     B. "5/  qr 3 s C. K&  "5/   D.   "5/   Câu 23: W)*%J])[<<</t0(/9&"h[không #Y&()*&S!D A. %@9&^_   3 \B. %@9&\ C. %@9&^_    \D. %@9&]&  2 3 "q.\ Câu 24H&F0(1M.(OEUWO<   "/0.3 4   "4WO%@9&  2 3 g"/0A 4   "4d&%<$A A.3.3I B..C C..33 D.. Câu 25HF0(M.<A   "$"/0.CI&F0(4 1"4M     e4G&$1'9&  =.d&%<$A .3 -.I3 C..3I D..3 Câu 26H3.  g/"/0A F0(4   "4\u4G& a&'9&  .d&%<$A A.C.= B.I.>C C.. D..33 Câu 27H+#G"Z  M"#]X.'4&()* :[<G\.:45$+&5(G.'4&()* :[<G\.3:45$ ] A..C B.. C..I D.. Câu 28: F0(1M./.'4&45v()*'&<.C 4 Q"4 5F0(1<+#/0/]&&<&"q.#&.'4&45v()*'&<C.= 4   ')(T4n[:.Q"4d&%<$ A. . B. . C. . D. .C Câu 29: .CIF0(Mo%@9&#/0"$23f."/0.3 4 Q"4,G&/0"/0'()* A. >=.IB. .3IC. II.D. .CI Câu 30 : .3EU  g/."/01.33 Q"4F 0(4 6M&4     e4G&$F0(4 6'9&4   I!Y1."/0 :<L4d&%<$ A. 3.IB. I.3C. C.ID. >=.>I Câu 31: p.F0(1M  "q.\"/0.33 4   ')(T4n[:.Q"462@4 /6.'4&()*])[< "/045$WO<PR4G&/0$<F0(1&%<$O/0 A. .>f.3=B. .>f.C. =I.f.=ID. .>f .=I Câu 32: .F0(1ME4&Y&.QYE#%@9&]&"/0F0(6 M%]&\4G&/0.8 "$"8()*59&6 A. =B. C. =D. > Câu 33: %:H.    .  2 3   .o  .2.,2  . 3     2G:"R()*"/09& . A. 3B. C. =D. C Câu 34: %:H.    .  2 3   .o  .2.,2  . 3     2G:\ /w  A. 3B. C. =D. C Câu 35H.3F0(M^_4&Y&x\\<4!"K&EU"/0 C.=   "4q4%.5%@9&  g/;"/0.>C   [: "44!Y< 3   ,&Y&x A. B. C.o D. Câu 36H,&A[A%@9&3  M"#]X"Ri "/0#/0:45$\4G&/0=.I ] A..= B. .C C..   D..=q . Câu 37H F0(M4&Y&1.6.o\uS/a*HHuS4G&/0[+n/a*H H3.I%@9&"/0-F0(:<Lq4%. 4&/04&Y&1EU/01\<%@9&/"/0.3   "4A  -"54&"/0<'G<QY& a.,&Y&6H A. B. C.o D.^_ b.d&%<G&&8$A A..I B..> C.. D.. Câu 38H.F0(1M.^_.6M  2 3 ."/0.>  4 "4!Y<"&R4&S4!\4!4 ."/0:<L4d&%< $ A..> B.C. C.C.= D.I.C Câu 39: <  "$"/0.CI&F0(4 1"4M    e4G& $1'9&  =.d&%<$ A..= B..3 C..> D..> Câu 40: *.  .+."54&45 $#(O.J45$.Q&S"#"54G&/04!"K&"/0.:<L8  "giH A..&B..C&C..=&D..I& Câu 41 :F0(1M.- 5F0(1/9/e"/01.   "4 5F0(1%@9&/"/06  !Y6"/0CC. G&4\&%<H A.C.C B.=. C.3.CI D..C Câu 42:M  .c  .3c.%@9&A M.-  .d <$A "8"/045$9:/045$b:D A.. .3=  B.. 3.= C.. 3.=             D. .  .3=  Câu 43:#F0(M.    .  qI.p</"/0.C   "45\<4!4 "54G&/04!"K&"/0.<L2G      <O /0H A... B... C... D... Câu 44:#F0(1M^_    Z&S()*&S!"/0F0(67_65 <  2 3 "/0=.I3   "456%@/:[\.C   "4,G&/0 <F0(1 A..= BI. C..I D..3 Câu 45: #/0E#2 3 /.:[:<L"/0%@  /:['& <.3 "45"_/0<+%@59&  'y"/08   "4 A..C=  B..I>C  C..33I  D..C  Câu 46: F0(5<  "/05%@9& /"/0>.I45$5%@9&  /"/0.C45$d&%< A.>. B. I.3 C..I D..I Câu 47:7_F0(o5<F0(  2 3 g"/0.C   "45 F0(<+F0(,./8   "4"/0'y A.m.C  B.k.C  C..  D..  Câu 48:#F0(.^_    "_%@9&/"/0C   "45\F0("5 ()*"/0I.<L,G&/0.^_    E"OO/0 A..=cC B..=cI C. .=c. D..=c3 Câu 49:p5F0(1^_.<F0(  2 3 g\.C   "45 1%@9&F0(.-  /"/0.C   "42G^_.O/0 A..c. B..c. C..c. D..c. Câu 50:p5F0(-.<  2 3 :['&<.3   Q"4q4%"_ -%@9&/:[\.C   "4%<d&%<H A..> B..> C..> D..> Câu 51:O/0%H  2 3 g.  "z"q.  .-  .  g.  2 3 "q.:['& <4 -\e4G&'9&  ba.>2G(i0( A. B. C.3 D. Câu 52:%{%<;'H    %@9&  /  -  /  2 3    /  3 ?|4   /   2G{%<;4!"/045$H A. B. C. D. Câu 53:F0(M..  .    ./pY&<L11MH A.. B.    ..  C.. D.  .    . Câu 54: W%E&8'"h[4!"vD A. ER<4!4 /9 B. "/0<%.   C.     .  4!ER</9 D. ?  .  2 3   \!&</t]& Câu 55:}*@'"h[$4!"vD A. 0(4&!"/0i<4!.z)& B. 2)]:&5E"&Sh["&S"&S.<"K&&S@@": C. 2)]:."&R5%4&Y&{ &5.W. D. << #&:.]h[Zn.F0(_& Câu 56:7&R'"h[4!"vD A. 4n"/0 ~ < B.  ~ E4nEQ&<   C.     0(:ER9&&S D.   "/0< Câu 57:[8\'H1•  •6•o•%:1.6.o(i0(9&O/0%:H A.    .  .  B.  .  2 3   .   C..  .    D    .  .     Câu 58:\8"/0<\%'H A..  2 3 g B.2 3 .  C.^_  ., D.  .  2 3 "z"q#& Câu 59:    .  ER< A. B.  C.   D.-   Câu 60:  4!< A..  2 3 g B.  C.-  ., D.  g Câu 61:%:.    .  4!"/0<H A.  g B..  2 3 g C.-  . D.  .   Câu 62:  "5/  &S/0{'%"/0H A.\45$4_<LO"55 B.\45$4_<L.4!:[45$ C\45$4_<L<M&.'"\Y&\45$D<'G Câu 63:"5/  2()*"/0\ A.. B..  C..  D...   Câu 64: &S"5/    &S"5/     &S/0{'%"/0H A. ) &S"R\45$<M& B. ) &S"R\45$<M&4! C.  &S\45$<M&. &S\45$4! D.  &S\45$<M&. &S\45$4! Câu 65:?|4   "5/  &S/0{'%"/0H A\45$4_<LO"55 B.\45$4_<L.4!:[45$ C.\45$4_<L<M&.'"\Y&\45$ D.<'G Câu 66: &S"5/    &S"5/4      &S/0{'%"/0H A. ) &S"R\45$<M& B. ) &S"R\45$<M&4! C.  &S\45$<M&. &S\45$4! D.  &S\45$<M&. &S\45$4! Câu 67:78"/0  Z&SH B. G& ~ %@9& V / C. G& ~ %@9&  / D.     %@9&   E. %@9&   Câu 68:F0(    ^_    .G%    /t&Z&SH A. ?i    <M&/ B. ?i    <M&i/ C. ?i/./<M&\ D. ?i/.  /.%45$<M&"_\ Câu 69:<{%<;"&S(h\)[    "8')]:.<&&^^  \%@H YF0(|"&SGa Y&S"#\)[    Y5'&<E]&\EQ&4!4  2G%@H A. B. C. D. Câu 70:GnzE&5%:<LH,.,  ..     A. B. C.   D.  Câu 71:%:<L<&+E&SH...-  78zE&5iGn A. B. C.   D.-  Câu 72:\%F0(:<L ^_.-.    eSHH .,.    eSHH   ..eSH 3,  .oeSH 2GF0(5</9/ A B. C.3 D. Câu 73: W)*&S!"\]&4&Y&9&Q&S"#i"&R5}4&Y& A..^_. B. ^_.o. C...o D..^_. Câu 74: \%GnH..  .   2GGnzE&5%:<L..    H A. B. C. D.3 Câu 75:78(hE&S4&Y&<&+E&S..\8iGnH A. ,^_ ~ B.   g2 3 C.    D. ?, Câu 76: ?|4 /{F0(\.  ..^_24&()*"/0F0(<L M A...^_ B.^_ C...^_ D..    ..^_ Câu 77:F0(M-.^_.    /9/"/0(O4!--#(O< ?\ A.-    .-  B.-  C.-   . ^_  D  .-    Câu 78:F0(M-.^_.    /9/"/0(O4!-2@4    "/045$-#(O<,5$\ A.-  B.  C.-  .  D.-  .^_   Câu 79:\F0(^_    e])[<()*&S!"5"/0F0(11% @:[\4 %<(O1H A.  B.^_..  C..^_D..^_.^_    .      Câu 80:#F0(1M.^_    "_%@9&/"/0.C   "45\1 "5()*"/0I.=<L6(O6H A.    .^_ B.^_.    . C.    .^_    .^_ D..^_.    .^_     Câu 81:<%G&'H  2 3 .-  .  2 3   .    ?{€ %"bH   2 3   B.-  C.    D.  2 3  Câu 82:"#h"&S$H.CH.B&+45<(hn  H A.#%<4!(hZB.#%<(hZ C.B&+45&D.B&+45Vz Câu 83:d&)& Y&'"8"&R5/t&"&S(h    \)[4!"&S(h  \)[H A.  \)[Q&S"#a     B.  0(:#%<+4!\)[P C7&S(h  Y<  <:"# D.7&S(h    <&4&5a Câu 84:.C<M  /.&S':()*If8   &)&(\H A..3&B.3.3I&C..&D..=C& Câu 85:I.F0(M^_%@9&&M  .    .'4&() *45v"/0:<L-,!%@9&4!\]$ ~ ,G& /0:<L-f\<F0(H A..C.fB.3.I.If C..=.3fD.3.C.If Câu 86:*    .  .'4&()*45v"/0 .C:<Ld&%<$H A..3B..3IC..ID..>C Câu 87:,&3.3F0(1M^_    .<        %@9&"q/.'()* "/0:<L\4G&/0C784n3.31EU()*&S!.()&i.I (O(O<P_4G&/0$    <F 0(1 A..C=f B.3.Cf C.CC.C=f D.C.=f Câu 88:.3EU.&  2 3 ."/0+A&. "54&45$<QY&(O.J45$Q&S"#"54G&/04!"K&"/0. :<Ld&%<AH A..I&B..&C..&D..& Câu 89: ei:"8(hE&S4&Y&'H.-. A.?B./9 C.?D.?  2 3  Câu 90:\3G&<&+E&SH   .o  .^_  .   5+,/ <M&+&5(    /3<+;'G:45$"/0 A.3 B.  C.D. Câu 91:F0(E#.^_*      24&%()*])[<."/0 F0(<LME4&Y&H A.^_.. B... C..^_. D..^_. Câu 92:<#C.3I9&C^_    Z&S()*&S!"/0:<L,&%@ /"/0.33&4   "4&S':()*&S!"/0 _:&5H A.ffB.IfC.IfD.=f Câu 93H*.r 3 s.%@9&8  9:O"8]:&S.C45$D A..C  B..I  C..  D..I  Câu 94H(r 3 s%@9&*{78"/045$;O\eS A. (H{kH3 B.(H{lH C.(H{mH3 D. (H{lH3 Câu 95H+3#Gu&"Z  M"#]X.4:["R "5()*:[<G\.I:45$+&5(G.4:["R "5()*:[<G\.C:45$ ] A. .= B. C.. D..I Câu 96H<#G"Z  x\GA\M"#X ."/0 #45$c"_':[4!"54G&/04!"K&"/0.:<L5Al;\&%<D A. B..[ C.[. D..[=. Câu 97:  2 3 .#\*  "/0=.I45$d&%<$H A.. B.. C.. D.. Câu 98HI^_  2 3   E;* .4:[4•"8()*])[<c&5(@ +E;.CI  2 3   G&i"/0.C45$4_<L &%<M"#D A..q. B..3q. C..Iq.I D..3q.I Câu 99H#Gu&*  .GA. 4G& /045$b:4&AE&5&+<"Y ≤ A ≤ I A..C B. . C..C D. . Câu 100H+*..  B/045$"/09:b: *9&'GO/0H A..3 ≥ . B. . ≥ .3 C.. ≥ . D. . ≥ .