MI)CLI)C H~ THONG cAu HOI - nAP AN GQ'I MO ~ Cau 1: Triet hoc la gi? Trinh bay ngudn goc, d~c diem va dOi nrcng cua triet hoc ~ Cau 2: Van de cO ban cua triet hoc, Co sa de phdn bi~tchu nghla v~t va chu nghia tam triet hOC? 2tt GiCraphtrong phap bien chtrng va phlfOng phap sieu hinh co su khac bi~t din ~ Call 3: ban gi? ~ Call 4: 37- Vai tro cua triet hOCtrong dOi song xa h(>i Vai tro cua triet hoc Mac _ Lenin dOi v6i hoar d(>ngnhan thtrc va thuc tien cua ngU'Oi q) Vi sl/ dOi cua triet hoc Mac la m(>t tat yell lic~ SU' va Ia m(>t cu(>c each mang tren Iinh vue triet hOc? 52 ~ Cau 5: , ~ Ca~ -~: Trinh bay nhfrng tU'tU'Ongtriet hC?eeO ban ella Ph~t giao nguyen thlly ~~ ~ Cau 7: Trinh bay quan ni~m thuy ve d~o due - emnh trl - xa hQi ella Nho gia nguyen 6~ Page of 487 I., HE 'IHONG CAU HOI - nAP AN Gal MO - » Can -' A , , I' 1: Triet hQc la gi? Trinh hay nguon goc, d~c diem va doi tllQ'ng cUa triet hQc Triet hC?e gi? la Triet hQc dOl a cil phlfong Dong va phlfong lay gan nhlf cimg m~t theli gian (khaang tlr the kI VIII den the kI VI trlf6'c CN) -a phlfOng DOng, thea quan ni(!m cUa nglfOi Trung Quae, thu(lt ngO'triet hQc c6 gac la chCr "trier', dl,1atheo tlr nguyen chtl Han c6 nghIa la trl, am chI sl,1hieu biet, nh~n thl1c sau sac cua can nglfOi ve the giO'iva ve d~a Ii liun nglfOi Con thea quan ni(!m cua ngU'OiAn £>(>,riet hoc dLfgc gOi la Darshara, co ngma Ia chiem ngU'Ong, nhltng v6'i ham t biet dl/a tren Iy tri, la QU'ang suy ngam - a phUOng Tay, thu~t y Ia sl,1hieu de dan dilt nglfOi den Ie phiH ngCr Htriet h9C" co nguon goc tlr tieng Hy Lc;lp dlfQ'c gOi la philosophia, co nghia la y€u men (philo) sf! thong thai (sophia) a day, noi t6i triet h9C, t6'i philosophia, nglfOi Hy Lc;lPco d~i khong chI mUOnnoi toi sl/ hieu biet sau sac ve nhieu lInh vl,1ctri thuc a tam cao nhat (tuc sl,1thong thai) rna the hi~n khat vOng vUOn t6'i tam Page 17 of 487 f 1- cao nhan thirc DOi vOi ngLtOi Hy Lap cO d~i, triet hoc chinh Ul hinh thai cao nhat cua ~i '~ thuc Nha triet hoc 1ftnha thong thai, la ngLt' i co kha nang tiep c~n chan ly, lam sang to ban chat cua su vat Co the thay rang, khai ni ~m "triet", "triet noc: dii a phtrcng Dong hay _ phtrong Tay deu bao ham hai yeu to: la eu to nh~n thuc (str hieu biet ve vii tru va ngLfoi, sl/ giai thich the giOi bang mOt kha nang tLfduy logic nhat djnh) va yeu to nh~n djnh (su' danh gia ve m~t dao ly de co thai dO va hanh dong tLfOngLrng) - Theo quan diem cua triet hoc Mac - Lenin: Triet h9C Ia h~ thong tri thuc Ij Iu~n chung nhat cUacan ngU'Oi e the giai, ve vj tri va vai tro cUacan ngU'Oi rong the giai v t Nguon goe ~ va d~e diem eLlatriet hQc ~ a) Nguongoe Nguon g6c nh~n thUc: De tOn t~i va thich nghi vOi the.giOi, ngLtOi can phai co hieu biet ve the giOi xung quanh cling nhLfve ban than Xuat ph:it tLryeu _~aukhac~ quan do, nhCi'ngcau hoi nhLf:The giOi xung quanh ta la gi? No c6 bat dau va ket thuc hay khong? SLrcm~nh nao chi phOi the giOi? Con ngLtOi la gi? N6 dLfQ'csinh nhLf the nao va c6 quan h~ nhV the nao vOi the giOi ben ngoM? Ban chat dfch thl/c cLla cu~c song nam dau? v.v Page 18 of 487 da dLtQ'ed~t a mOt muc dO nhat dinh, dLtoi hinh thue nhat dinh, va da dVQ'ed~t tLr thai nguyen thLly Tuy nhien, chi den thai kY cO d~i, rna tri thLre cLla ngLfoi ve the giOi da nch lily toi mOt mLrcdO cho phep, kha nang tLfduy cLla ngLtOida dLfQ'c"mM sac" va nang cao toi muc cho phep dLl de dien ta the gioi mOt cach trW tLtQ'ngbang h~ thong ph~m trU, khM ni~m trW tVQ'ng,thlluc d6, nhCrng cau hoi tren mOi dLtQ'ctra lOi mOt cach sau sac Noi cach khac, ngLtOid~t tOi trinh dO phat trien tLt trW tLfQ'ng,chi tOi lue d6, triet hOCvOi tinh cach 1ftIj Iu~n, la h~ thong quan ni~m chung nhat ve the giai va cUQcsong can ngU'oi moi doL Nguon goc xu hl)i: Th(rnhat, d6 Ia sl! ph;h trien cLlasan xuat v~t chat va qua trlnh phan cong lao d{mg xa hQi De triet hOC dOi din phai c6 nhCrng ngLtOi chuyen lao dQng tri 6c Bai vi, chi c6 hO mOi co the kh.1iquat nhCrngtri thuc rna nhan lo~i da nch luy dLfQ'cthanh h~ thong cac quan ni~m c6 tinh chlnh the ve the giOi - tLrctri thuc triet hOC 51/ phiit trien cLla san xuat v~t chat den muc nao se dan tOi sl/ ph§n cong lao dOng xa hOi, ph§n chia thflnh Page 19 of 487 ,< h~ I09i lao d(mg: lao dQng chan tay va lao dQng tri oc Chfnh sir xuat hi~n lao QQng tri oc, bie'u hi~n a sl/ doi tang lap tri thuc dii teo dieu ki~n cho triet hoc dOi Thu hai, cling vOi qua trinh phat trien san xuat va phan cong lao dQng xa hOi, sl/ phan chia giai cap xii h9i thimt: thong tr] va b] tri, boc IQt va b! boc IQt, ciing nhu sl/ xuat hi~n qua trinh dau tranh giai cap cua giai cap bi tr], bi boc lQt chong giai cap thong tri, boc lQt ciing Ia nguon goc xii hQi cua sir doi triet h9C BO'ivi, nham de bao ve quyen IQ'icua giai cap rna minh d~i di~n,c.ic nha tl1 tl1O'ngda xay dtmg cac hoc thuyet triet hoc khac nhau, vOi nhirng quan diem chinh tr] khac Tren thl!c te, tlr dot, triet hOc luon mang tinh giai cap, ngrua la no luon phl,JCvl,J cho IQ'iich cLlanhCrng giai cap, nhCrngll,J'cIU'Q'ngxii hQi nhat dinh Dieu cling gop phan ly giai vi triet hOc khong doi 0' thai nguyen thuy rna chi den thai k.Y k.Y cQng san chiem hCruno l~, vOi vi~c xii hOi xuat hi~n phan chia giai cap va sl! doi bQ ph~n lao dQng tri oc thl triet hOc mOi doi b) £)~c diem - Tinh h~ thong: Triet hOc baD gio cling la mQt h~ thong cac quan ni~m chung ve the giOi Khong giong cac khoa hQc CI,Jthe chTxem xet the giOi tren tUng ph110ng di~n CI,J the, Page 20 of 487 nhat dinh, triet hOc xem xet the giOi nhl1 mQtchTnh the va tren cO sa tim cach dl1a mQt h~ thong quan ni~m chung ve chTnhthe Tl1 triet hOc, do, cling la tl1 ve chlnh the - Tinh the giOf quan: The giOi quan la h~ thong cac quan ni~m ve the giOi, ve vi tri cLla ngl10i the giOi cling nhU' quan ni~m ve chinh ban than va cUQcsong ngl1oi Trong the giOi quan khong chi co nhCrng quan ni~m ve the giOi rna baDham ca nhan sinh quan, la nhCrngquan ni~m ve cUQcsong cLlacon ng110iva loai ngU'Oi.Chinh chO triet hOc co tinh h~ thong, baD gom h~ thong nhCrngquan ni~rn chung ve the giOi tinh chTnhthe, cho nen no cling dong thai mang tinh the giOi quan, hOn nCrano la h9t nhan ly lu~n cLla the giOi quan - Tinh giai cap: Do triet hQc dOi va ton t?li diau kien xa hQi dii phful chia giai cap cho nen no luon luon mang tinh giai cap Khong co triet hOc phi giai cap, rna a day, triet hOc chinh Ia sl! khai quat cLla mOi giai cap xii hQi ve the giOi va ve cUQcsong ngU'Oi,ve trlnh dQ nh~n thuc, ve thai dQ va IQ'iich cLla giai cap Thl!c te, cac nha triet Page 21 of 487 hoc lich sCrdeu xuat phat tLrIQ'i ich cua giai cap minh rna khai quat triet hoc, d~a cac quan ni~rnve the giOi noi chung, ve cuoc song ngLtai noi rieng, DOi tLtQ'ng nghien Ctlu cua triet hQc "" Doi tLtQ'ngng hi en Cuu cu a trier hoc lufm thay dOi ke tLr no dai cho toi A - ThOf ,' kY cO diiJi, dieu kien tri thLrc ngheo nan, khong co sir phful nganh khoa hoc, rnoi dai, voi nr each la hinh thai tri thuc cao nhat cho phep ngLtai ta hieu dLt~~ ban chat cua moi v~t thi triet hoc khong co dOi urcng nghien ciru rieng Noi each khac, doz tU'