.        Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1859), Johann Friedrich Herbart (1883), John Dewey (1897, 1900, 1902, 1916, 1938). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-  GD  GD . -  tinh hoa sang GD đại chúng GD truyền thống sang GD hiện đại (thay thế)mục tiêu (nội dung) đầu.      - 1976, 1979, Piaget - 1976); Jeans Piaget, Watzlawick, Hans Aebli, Maria Motessori, Lew S  đã