DAI HOC QU(5C GIA HA N^I §^ NGHliN CLfU VIET NAM VA GIAO LOU VAN HOA D l tai ddc hm QG tnj TAM VA KHAO SAT TLf LIEU C H Q QUOC NGUr CO ( THE KY XVIII) OM T A T T I N H H I N H NGHlfiN CUtJ €»^ i HC.T C bOC o i A HA MCfi TRUNGTAMTHOMGTtN.THirVICN Nc Hdn^i, 1998 MJWQII _ j 1/1^1 TOM TAT TINH HINH NGHlfiN CLfU CUA CUA D^ TAI Si/u tdm vd khao sat ta lieu chQ qud'c ng& cd The'ky XVIII Ma so QG Chu nhiem de tai : Gs Doan Thien Thuat Co quan chu tri: Trung tam nghien ciiU Viet Nam va Giao liAi van hoa Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ngi I M u c d i c h y e u c a u c u a de tai T i n h thdi s\i Chijf quoc ngiJ la chiJ viet thong cua ca nudc Can c6 day du y thOfc ve Lfu nhiioc diem cua chCf viet cung nhuf can nghien ciiU de suf dung no cho tdt hon, la yeu cau cua xa hoi, nhat la vac giai doan nay, thcrt ky nxidc nha dang chuyen minh tien len cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Co nhieu viec phai lam : tif nghien culi lich suf hinh chC Quoc ngiJ den danh gia loai hinh van tii hien hanh cua chung ta tif viec cai tien he thdng chQ viet den viec sii dunh n6 giao due, thong tin xuat ban, tif phifong phap giang day den nhflng quy dinh tifng pham vi sdcf dung cu the De tai nham giai quyet mot nhOCng van de d6 Trong tinh hinh mdi, vdi chinh sach md ciia cua Dang va Nha nifdc quan he giQa ta va Phap trd nen tdt hOn, ta mcfi c6 difOc nhQng tif lieu ve chQ Quoc ngQ cd the ky XVIII NhQng tif lieu tQ tnfdc tdi difOc biet den Chung lai vQa lap dung mot giai doan ma chung ta dang thieu tif lieu Chinh vi vay, viec sUU tam, khao sat chung de cong bo mang mpt gia tri thifc tiln 1cm Mat khac, cung chi tinh hinh mdfi ta mdri co du dieu kien de danh gia dung dan viec dcrt cua chQ Quoc ngQ Tnfdc ta chi biet den nhQng gi xay b nxidc ta, tam mat bi han che, nay, vdri cai nhin mang tinh khu vifc, sxi sang tao chQ Quoc ngQ khong phai la mot hien tifong tinh cd hay dot xuat, ma chi c6 ngifdi Viet Nam difOc may mSn tiep nhan Hien tifong dung chQ La tinh ghi am tieng ban dia ciia cac giao sT phifdng Tay vi muc dich truyen giao da diln b Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, tnfdc diln b Viet Nam L i c h s ^ v a n d e TQ tnfdc den nay, khong it hoc gia da nghien cQu lich sxi hinh chQ Qudc ngQ mien Nam co Nguyin Khac Xuyen\ D6 Quang Chinh ^, Thanh Lang"^, b mien Bac c6 Hoang Phe"* va mot so' ngifdi khac b nxidc ngoai nhif Hoang Xuan Han^ Cac hoc gia noi tren, trQ Hoang Phe, quan tam nhieu den viec cai tien chQ Qudc ngQ, tat ca da day cong sifu tam cac tif lieu cd tai Rome, tai Phap, tai Bo Dao Nha, da tim hieu, phien dich va chu thich lai lich nhiihg ngifc/i da co ddng gop vao viec xay difng chQ Quoc ngQ, cung nhif nhuhg hoat dong tranh gianh anh hudng cua cac dong dao b Viet Nam, co lien quan den sif thay ddi anh hifdng cua chQ Y hay chQ Bo Dao Nha each ghi tieng Viet cua chQ Qudc ngQ Rieng Nguyin Khac Xuyen nhieu nam dong da viet hang loat cong trinh nghien cQu ve giao si Dac Lo Co the ndi ong la chuyen gia ve cuoc ddi va hoat dong cua Dac Lo Tuy nhien nhiing gi da cong bd tnfdc day, nhat la cua cac tac gia mien Nam, trQ mot sd it, da sd difOc viet difdi mat nha sii hoc hon la ngon ngQ hpc Ngay Do Quang Chinh, cudn sach cua ong, c6 ca nhiing anh chup nguyen tac van ban cua Igesico Van Tin, cua Bento Thien , ong van khong thoat khoi xu hxidng Nhan xet cua cac hpc gia chifa hoan toan xuat phat tQ quan diem van tif hpc Cac vi lan Ion nhQng hien tufdng thu6c pham vi ngQ am vdi pham vi van tif CQ gap mot each viet nao khac vdi hien hp deu cho la each viet cua chQ Qudc ngQ chifa dn dinh Thifc CO the each viet da on dinh nhuhg dien mao cua tQ khong gidng la vi each phat am cua tQ each day the ky la nhif vay mien Bac vao thap ky 60 cung da day len mpt dcrt thao luan ve chQ Qudc ngQ Gan 50 nha khoa hpc da viet bai hoac dpc tham luan mpt hoi thao \dn ve cai tien chQ Qudc ngQ ^ Suf chu y cua tat ca mpi ngifcri deu tap trung vao viec neu nhOhg ifu, khuyet diem cua chQ Qudc ngQ, xet ve mat ghi am, dong thcrt difa nhQhg kien nghi cai tien bp chQ hien hanh, tQ viec thay ddi each ghi mpt sd am vi phu am, mot sd am vi nguyen am, each ghi dieu, each vie't lien cac am tiet cua tQ cho den viec bo sung mpt sd chQ Bao cao de dan hoi thao, c6 noi qua de'n qua trinh hinh chQ Qudc ngQ, nhien noi dung chinh vin la kiem lai nhQhg de nghi cai tien chQ viet tQ tnf6c den Trong nhQng nam gan day, tai Ha noi cung da co mpt sd luan van tdt nghiep dai hpc hoac sau dai hpc, chu y den lich sif chQ qudc ngQ Trong luan an tien si cua minh, Nguyin thi Bach Nhan^ co mpt cd gang diem lai qua trinh hinh chQ Qudc ngQ tQ dang thQc sd khai den dang thQc cudi cung nhif ( 1620 - 1877 ) Tac gia da tan dung tat ca nhQng cong trinh cua nhQng ngQcrt di trufdc va tap trung phan tich de nit nhan xet ve mat chQ viet may cudn tQ dien 1cm nhif TQ dien Viet - Bd - La cua Alexandre de Rhodes, TQ dien Viet - La tinh cua Pigneau de Behaine, Nam Viet DQdng Hiep TQ dien cua J L Taberd va TQ dien Viet - Phap cua Le Grand de la Liraye Mac du mpt sd han che quan diem nghien cQu cua luan an va thieu tif lieu nhuhg tac gia da nhin nhan van de vdi tif each mpt nha ngon ngQ hpc Giai doan tQ sau TQ dien Viet - Bo - La den TQ (fien Viet La tinh cua Pigneau de Behaine, tac gia khong co tai lieu nao ngoai tai li^u cua Philiphe Binh Trong nhOhg nam tQ 1990 - 1995, b khoa NgQ van Dai hpc Tong hdp cu da CO luan van cif nhan^ viet ve tinh hinh chQ Qudc ngQ cua giai doan Rat tiec nhQng luan van chi difdc lull trQ kho tif li#u cua khoa, khong difdc xuat ban nen khong may biet den Dau thap ky 80, ngifcrt chu tri de tai khoa hpc nhan chuyen sang cong tac tai nifdc Cong hoa Phap da c6 dip lam viec tai kho lifU trQ cua Hoi Tmyen giao b day, tac gia da tim difdc nhQng tif lieu viet bang chQ Qudc ngQ CO, giai doan tQ cudi the ky XVII de'n dau the ky XIX >< Chung toi da chup difdc mot phan cac tQ lieu do, nhQ tat ca mpi ngifdi deu bie't qua cac bai gidi thieu cua Gs Nguyin Tai Can ^ va Gs Nonna V Stankievitch^^ Tuy nhien sd phim anh d6 chifa phai da thifc sif day du va mot sd dang ke bi hif hong Chung toi can phai bo sung va tim each cong bd Yeu cau cua de tai Nghien cQu lich suf hinh chQ Qudc ngQ la mpt van de ldn ma nhieu ngifdi da lam, song chifa difdc hoan chinh Nay da c6 dieu kien bd sung Viec tim kiem da co phufdng hQdng Van de lai chl la sifu tam cho du, cung cap cho cac nha nghien cQu va khai thac chung Cong viec tam chia bifdc : bQdc dau la hoan thien hd sd cac tif lieu va cong bd, bifdc hai la td chQc nghien cQu, khai thac cac tQ lieu Trong pham vi de tai da dang ky, chiing toi chi thifc hien nhiem vu cua bQdc mot Chung toi phai tiep tuc sifu tam mot sd tQ lieu da ghi chep dQdc nhutig chQ& chup dQdc hoac da chup dQdc ma phim hay anh bj hong Cac tai lieu se dQdc trinh bay dQdi dang thich hdp cho cac nha nghien cQu ve van tif co the thay dQdc thifc trang, va nhQng ngQdi nghien cQu cac Knh vifc khac cung c6 the suf dung dQdc mot each tien left Mudn vay, khong each nao khac la phai phien chuyen cac van ban cd chQ Qudc ngQ hien dai kem theo nhQng chii thich cifc ky chi tiet ve dang chQ cd nguyen tac, hoac ve nghia cd cua tQ Mat khac, cung can phai soan nhQng ban tra cQu that ty my kem theo Do la yeu cau cua de tai Vi^c in toan bp cac tQ lieu cung thupc pham vi cua bQdc mpt, song quy djnh ve kinh phi, cong viec phai dQdc thifc hien sau mpt chut, vdft mpt kinh phi rigng Hien chifa c6 the lam dQdc, song chiing toi hy vpng ban Khoa hpc Cong nghe DHQG se tao mpi dieu kien cho chung toi thifc hien dQdc cang sdm cang tdt nham phuc vu cac nha nghien cQu thdi gian sdm nhat, phat huy tac dung cua nhQhg tai lieu quy ma chiing toi da thu iQdm dQdc II.Trien khai de tai N g u o n tuf lieu Phan ldn van ban la nhQng bQc thU hien dQdc lou giQ tai kho lou trQ Hoi Truyen giao nQdc ngoai tai Paris, b toa nha 128 Rue du Bac Do la thQ trao ddi giQa Viet Nam va Phap ma tac gia cua chiing la cac thay ca, linh muc hoac giao dan, ngQdi Viet cung nhQ ngQdi Phap Noi dung la tQdng trinh ve viec truyen dao, doi la thQ td cao ngQdi xau, viec xau hoac ldi khuyen ran cua be tren ddi vdi be dQdi NhQng thQ co kich thQdc khac nhau, thQdng la giay gid, hoac giay tay, mau da nga vang, da ron ChQ vie't bang but sat, mifc den Moi td dQdc dan vao mot cudng cua mot tap hd sd ldn, CO danh sd trang theo tOhg tap Mdi tap mang mot ky hieu rieng, nhQ V 656, V 681, C6 mot tap khong c6 ky hieu chiing toi da tif dat • cho n6 la Vsp, vdi nghla la mot tap V dac biet Dilu dang qui ddi vdi ngQdi nghien cQu la nhuhg van ban deu c6 ghi ro thang b cudi Viec xac djnh nien dai khong phai dat ma chinh xac den tQhg tOng thang Ben canh nhung bQc thQ nhuf da noi tren c6 mpt sd sd tay Cac tai lieu c6 kich thQdc khac nhau, c6 the nho, la nhQng quyen sd, nhd nhat la cm x 11 cm, khd ldn la nhOng bQc thQ, ldn nhat la 21 cm x 31cm Noi dung nhQng cudn sd co the la ldi hQdng dan each lam 11, hoac binh luan vl Nho giao, Phat giao, Lao giao nham chOng minh tinh QU viet cua dao Thien Chiia, cung c6 the la nhQng Icrt ghi chep ve each dung cac vi thude Dong y NgQdi viet to c6 nhQng hieu bie't sau sac ve van hoa cua ngQdi Viet Do la nhQng tai lieu c6 ich ddi vdi nhOhg nha nghien cuU vl van hoa xa hoi Nha ngon ngQ hpc, van tif hpc, cung co the nit nhQhg dilu bd ich Tuy nhien, n6 chi c6 y nghia nhilu, can phai thdng ke de biet tan sd xuat hien cua cac hien tQdng, vi d6 la nhQng van ban dai ddi vdi nhQhg chi can biet ddn thuan sif diln bie'n cua chQ viet thi moi mot cudn sach d6 chl c6 gia tri nhQ mpt bQc thif vi d6 chi la but tich cua mpt ngifdi b mpt thdi diem nhat djnh Chinh vi vay, ddi vdi nhQng sd chiing toi chi chup mpt vai trang coi nhQ dai dien, thi ghi chep cac noi dung Cac tQ lieu chiing toi thu iQdm dQdc va trinh bay b day gdm c6 cac tap mang ky hieu V 656, V.681, V 688, V 689 va Vsp S\i\x t a m v a c h u t h i c h 2.1 B o s u n g t\i l i e u NhQ tren da trinh bay, viec phat hien ngudn tQ lieu da co tQ kha lau va ngQdi chu tri de tai da dich than thu iQdm , song chifa phai da tron ven tQ dau TrQdc het c6 mpt ly bat kha khang la cac ban viet tay da dQdc lou giQ tQ hai, ba the ky du dQdc bao quan rat tdt, giay van ron, co nhilu chd rach Vi vay, chiing toi khong dQdc phep chup bang may photocopy ma phai chup bang may anh thong thQdng Mat khac, chiing toi da d^n lam viec b kho lifu trQ chang may vao luc dang c6 sQ sufa chQ& nha cufa, phdng anh b khong lam viec Chiing toi phai tQ dam dQdng cong viec VI cd ban, chiing toi da cd gang chup he't nhQhg tQ lieu da tim dQdc, ke ca nhQhg van ban Nom Tuy nhien, ket qua khong phai nhQ da mong mudn, vi hau nhuf chifa cd kinh nghiem gi viec chup anh tai lieu va nhat la sau nay, mang vl nifdc, hau cua nifdc ta am, viec bao quan khong tdt, mot sd phim va anh rufa khong cd dQdc chat iQdng can thiet Khi dang ky de tai nghien cQu nay, chung toi da phai nhd sif giup dd cua mpt sd ban be de chup lai tai Phap mpt sd anh thieu hut nham bo sung vao bp sifU tap cua chiing toi Gs Philippe Langlet, Ts Pham Dan Binh tai Dai hpc Paris 7, la Dai hpc Denis Diderot, cung nhQ mpt sd vi khac da tan tinh giup dd toi v Sau sifu tam kha day du cac tQ lieu pham vi c6 the dQdc, cac phim diu dQdc phong va rifa anh Cac can bp tham gia de tai da chep tQ anh giay de phien chuyen va chu thich Day la mot viec lam rat cong phu va ddi hoi b ngQdi thifc hien nhOng hieu biet vl ngon ngQ hpc, van tif hpc chac chan Dpc nhQng ddng chQ rat nho, doi chd md, mat net va dac biet la vdi each viet khong gidng nay, ke ca nhQhg chQ viet tat, ldi le lai diln dat khong dQdc ro rang, doi chd cdn cd nhQhg tQ cd, he gap, khong hi bie't nghia, ngQdi nghien cQu phai suy luan, tim each giai ma tren cd sd tan sd xuat hien cua cac hien tQdng,trong nhQng van canh nhat djnh 2.2 Phien chuyen va chu thich Cd the ndi day la mot cong doan thQ hai, dQdc coi la khong kem phan quan trpng so vol cong doan dau 2.2.1 Le sau cac van ban dQdc chuyen anh cd the in nguyen ven len trang sach Song, dilu dd khong the thifc hien dQdc phan vi ky thuat in cua ta chifa cho phep nhOhg chu yeu la tinh trang cua cac anh chup Nguyen ban la nhQhg trang giay khong dQdc trang, nhilu chd lai bj thung, rach, anh lai chup khong dQdc tdt nen rat khd dpc Vi vay, khong cd each nao hdn la viet lai va thifc hien cdng viec nay, chiing toi da cd gang dat dQdc hai yeu cau : a/ Dam bao tinh trung thifc tuyet ddi ddi vdi nguyen ban Trong chQ Qudc ngQ co b mdi giai doan cd the cd sif khac va nhat la cd chd hoan toan xa la vdi chQ Qudc ngQ hien hanh Tuy nhien, khong phai sif khac biet ay xay b ta't ca mpi chQ Ngoai each viet nghieng, da sd chQ diu cd cung dang nhQ chQ Qudc ngQ hien dai NhQhg chQ nhQ vay hoan toan c6 the in lai bang may in hoac may vi tinh thong thQdng Chl cd nhQhg chQ khac dang mdi dxidc viet bang tay, mo phong diing nhQ nguyen ban b / Dam bao tinh thifc tiln, tQc dl tra, dl tdng ke't va tnfdc het la dl dpc ddi vdi nhQhg it quan tam tdi van tif, chi mudn tim hieu ngon tQ hay noi dung cua cac van ban ay Mudn vay, viec diln cac chQ khac la bang tay khong nen ghi tren van ban dang chep ma nen ghi bang mpt chQ tQdng Qhg chQ vie't hien kem theo mpt dau hieu ( b day la nhQhg chQ sd ) de chi dan mpt bang rieng, dQdc gpi la phan chu thich Chiing toi gpi viec lam la phien chuyen van ban va chii thich van ban 2.2.2 DQdng nhien thupc pham vi cong viec chu thich khdng phai chi c6 vay Ngoai nhQhg tif dang khac la cdn ca nhQhg tQ viet tat, nhuhg tQ khd hieu, cd nghla cd hoac nhOng tQ ma khong cdn nQa Dd la chifa ke de'n ten gpi can dat cho tOhg van ban, hoac nien dai cua chung TrQdc mat chiing ta la hang loat bQc thQ De tien cho viec chi dan sau nay, vi^c dat t§n cho mdi van ban la can thiet Cach lam ddn gian la danh sd hoac ma hoa theo mot each nao Nhuhg de ngifdi dpc dl hinh dung, chiing toi da dung bien phap kep Ngoai chQ sd dQdc coi la ky hieu cua van ban, dQdc lap tren thQ tQ cua chiing toan tap sach dxia tren nien dai tQ sdm den muon, mdi bQc thQ, tQc mdi van ban cdn cd tieu de ngQdi bien tap dat ra, can cQ vao noi dung cua van ban Dd la ten gpi Qdc djnh chQ khong thupc van ban gdc nen chiing toi chi ghi thif muc va mpt trang rieng dat b dau mdi tif lieu Van ban gdc chi bat dau sau hang chQ Phien chux^en Do vay, ngQdi dpc khdng nen lay lam la rang cd bQc thQ b tren ghi ro ten ngQdi gift, cd bQc thif thi khdng Neu nguyen ban cd thi chung tdi de nguyen va ghi dQdi ddng chQ Phien chuxjen, neu khdng cd thi thdi VI nien dai cua mdi tQ lieu cung dQdc chu thich ben canh ten gpi cua bQc thQ Dilu la can thie't cho viec nghien cQu va tranh cho ngQdi dpc khdi phai truy tim Theo tap quan vie't thQ hdi bay gid, thang tac gia viet, ghi b cudi thQ, khdng ghi b dau thQ nhQ chiing ta Cd bQc thQ ghi ca thang am ljch lan nam dQdng ljch, chang han : -" Canh hOhg nhj thap nien tQ ngoat nhj thap ciiu nhat ( 1759 )" Cung cd bQc thQ chi ghi thang am ljch thdi NgQdi bien tap phai ddi chie'u vdi dQdng ljch, rdi ghi rieng, ben canh ten cua tai lieu mpt trang rieng, ma khdng tQ y bd sung vao nguyen ban Dd la chifa ke, ddi trQdng hdp ( rat it ) thQ khdng cd thang, nhOhg b gdc trang giay cd ghi thang cua ngQdi thu thQ, tiep nhan tQ lieu va sap xep chiing vao hd sd lifu trQ Cung cd trQdng hdp ngQdi bien tap phai can cQ vao sd trang cua tQ lieu hd sd, so vdi tQ lieu b trang trQdc dd hoac sau do, vdn cd nien dai de suy nien dai cua tif lieu dang xet NhQhg viec lam nhQ the diu thupc pham vi cdng viec chu thich VI nhQhg tQ cd, chOng mQc cd the suy dQdc, van canh va sd lan xuat hien, cung dQdc ghi vao chu thich NhQhg rat tiec la hien chiing tdi vin chifa chu thich dQdc nhQhg tQ nifdc ngoai thQdng gap thQ Dd la nhQng chQc vj cua cac nhan vat dQdc de cap den, ten nhQhg ll, ten nhuhg hinh phat, ten cac vj thanh, tham chi ten cac ddng tu NhQhg tQ thQdng khdng phai la tQ tie'ng Phap va chung tdi khdng cd du dilu kien de tra cQu Hy vpng rang tQdng lai, vdi du thdi gian, kinh phi va vdi sif tham gia cua cac giao si cd hieu biet sau vl dao Thien chua, chung tdi mdi lam dQdc Cung can phai ndi them rang chung toi da thif nghiem ca hai each danh sd nhQhg tQ can chu thich Theo each thQ nhat, tat ca nhQhg tQ cd chung mpt dang can chu thich diu mang mot chi sd Theo each thQ hai, mdi tQ can chu thich diu mang mpt chi sd rieng Cach thQ nhat se cho mdt ban chu thich cd phan ddn gian hdn Cach thQ hai cd ve nfdm song tdt hdn nhilu, thuan ldi cho viec tdng ket va can thiet kiem tra ngQdc mot hien tQdng nao dd cd the tra cQu rat nhanh, rat chinh xac NhiJng ngifdi tham gia De thQc hien de tai da phai huy ddng mot dpi ngu can bp chuyen mdn vl ngdn ngQ hpc say sifa vdi de tai, vi chi cd nhQ vay mdi du 10 kien tri de lam viec va dam bao chat Iifdng cao Hau het cac can bo deu da tiflig nghien ciifu ve chO Quoc nguf, c/ trinh dai hoc, hoac sau dai hpc Doan Thien Thuat, Gs Pts, chuyen day ve nguf am va van tii Pham Nhuf Quynh, can bo nghien cufU cua Tmng tam NCVN & GLVH, Luan van cuf nhan ( 1992 ) viet ve chiJ Quoc ngO Nguyen thi Phu'cfng Trang, can bo giang day khoa Ngon ngtJ hoc, Dai hoc KHXH & NV, chuyen day Ngu! am va van tu" D6 Tien Thang, can bo giang day Ngon ngu! hpc cua Khoa Van, Dai hpc KHXH & NV, chuyen ve nguf am va van tuf Nguyin thi Bach Nhan, can bp giang day Ngon ngiJ hpc, khoa Van DHSP Hue, tac gia Luan an PTS ( 1994 ) ve cha Quoc ngiJ Vo Xuan Que, can bp nghien cilu vien Ngon ngCJ hpc, dang nghien ciAi ve chiJ Qudc ngiJ III Ket qua dat d\idc, C a c tuf l i e u d a sxiu t a m dxidc Trong pham vi ciia de tai, chung tdi da sifU tam dQdc 42 van ban, hoan toan nit tQ kho lOU trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nQdc ngoai tai Paris NhQhg tQ lieu da dQdc chup, rifa anh rdi tQ anh viet giay Chiing da dQdc phien chuyen, chu thich va sin sang de cdng bd Tat ca dQdc tap hdp theo thQ tif ,nien dai nhQ sau: ThQ cua Domigo Long girt thay ca Gabriel ( 1687 ), ky hieu V.681 (tr 5) Thif cua Dominhgo Long girt thay ca Bispo Luys ( 1687 ), ky hieu V.681 (tr l i b ) Thu cua Michael Catechista Tunkin lam (1688), ky hieu V.681 (tr 21-22) n 4.ThLf Dionysio Catechista Dong Kinh (tiep ), ( 1688 ), ky hieu V 681 (tr.25) Td khieu oan cua Pe Long Gonsaga Sacedote (1701), ky hieu V.662 (tr 353) Thii minh oan cho Vitvo Auren b nif6c Dong Kinh (1703), ky hieu V 656 (I) (tr281) Thif cua Domini Thinh trinh bay ve viec bi hanh (1706), ky hieu V 656 (I) (tr 325-326) Thif tap the giii Cadinale bao cao tinh hinh xau viec dao b nxibc Dong Kinh tCf 1625 den 1701 ( 1702 ), ky hieu 656 (I) (tr 313-319 ) Thuf cua Pe Lui nhac nhd cac thay ca giijf dung le luat nha thanh, (1732), ky hieu Vsp (tri 1-16) 10 Quy dinh ve viec ciidi xin : nop cheo va lam phep Matrimonio (1754), ky hieu V.688(tr 501) 11 Thif cua Phcro Triem Sasedote (1754) ky hieu V.688 (tr 506) 12 Tap the ky nhan vao mpt ban an (1754), ky hieu V.688 (tr 508) 13 Thif Pe Lui girt cho cac thay ca va anh em bon dao giCf le luat Igheresa (1755), ky hieu Vsp (tr 5-10) 14 Thif cua cu Lui Huy phe phan cap difdi (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 259-260) 15 Dan cua giao dan xin dxiac lay ngUcfi da chet (1760), ky hieu V 689 (tr 261-263) 16 Thif cua thay Tif Dan gifi be tren ve viec hay tin mot vu tnfng phat chxia ro (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 426) 17 Thif td cao cua thay Tif Dan (1759) ky hieu V.689 (tr 426) 12 18 Thif cua thay Bao Loc (1759) ky hieu V.689 (tr 428) 19 Thif cua Juan Hien Catore trinh bay tinh hinh bat hoa giite cac thay ca (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 432- 433) 20 Tap the giao dan td cao thay ca Dat (1759), ky hieu V.689, (tr 434) 21 Thif td cao viec bat ngifdi, danh ngifdi (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 435) 22 Thif cua Juse giii cho ong Dien khuyen nen lo viec minh, difrig nhung tay vao viec ngifdi khac, (1759),ky hieu V.689 (tr 436) 23 Thif cua ong Dien gifi thay ca Juse , ( 1759), ky hieu V 689 (tr 437 ) 24 Vitvo huyen Ngpc Son gufi nam nCf bdn dao Bien Scfn (1759), ky hieu V 689 (tr 438) 25 Dan tap the phan ddi hai vu phat va vo ly (1759),ky hieu V 689 (tr 467- 468) 26 Lang Huy giii Difc Cu (1759) ky hieu V.689, (tr 529) 27 Thif cua mot thay ca girt Difc Cu hoi y kien ve viec den lam phuc tai nPi da CO thay ca khac den tnfdc roi (1760), ky hieu V.689 (tr 529) 28 Philiphe Thong gifi Difc Cu (1759), ky hieu V.689 (tr 530) 29 Jesu Chau gifi Difc cu ( 1759 ) ky hieu V.689 (tr 530 ) 30 Tifdng trinh cua xa VTnh Tri ve nhom ngifdi la mat den xa gay rdi (1760), ky hieu V.689 (tr 463) 31 Tap the giao dan dia phan phu Thai khieu oan cho cu chinh Tri va Difc Vitvo Luy (1760), ky hieu V.689 (tr 469-470) 32 Tap the nxjl giao dan dong cau rut Difc chua Jesu gifi Toa td cao cac thay dong Domingo gay kho dl cho hp (1760 ), ky hieu V 689( tr 470 - 472) 13 33 Thif Duminh Phuc gifi Dufc Cu xin y kien ve viec di lam phuc ncfi nao ^ ky hieu V.689 (tr 527) 34 Td lam chufrig cua Matheu Dong Catechista (1761) ky hieu V.689 (tr 527) 35 Thif cho Padre khuyen bao each cu" xii cho phu hpp, ky hieu Vsp (tr 24) 36 Huan thi cua Pe Trung Provicarlo Generale (1783), ky hieu Vsp (tr 38 - 76) 37 Thif ciia Jacobe Elento Vitvo Gortinense (1792), ky hieu Vsp (tr 125- 130) 38 Thuf ciia Patre Vit vd Jacobe giii chi em giao dan dang (1792) ky hieu Vsp (tr 131- 137) 39 Huan thi cua Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense giii cac thay ca nhan dip sap vao mua chay (1802), ky hieu Vsp (tr 161-163) 40 Thif cua Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense b dang ngoai giii cac thay ca An nam b dang nhan dip Tet Nguyen Dan (1818), ky hieu Vsp (tr 230232) 41 Thif ciia Pe Jacobe Vit vd Gortinense sap vao mua chay ca (1825), ky hieu Vsp (tr 250-251) Cac van ban difpc dong tap , vdi ldi Hudng din su dung sach b dau tap I Ket qua khoa hoc Nhin vao bang liet ke cac tif lieu tren, ta dl dang nhan may diem sau: 14 2.1 Van ban cd nien dai 1687, van ban 41 vao 1825, nhQ vay la cac tQ lieu da trai sudt 125 nam, lap kin mdt giai doan ma trQdc day thieu tQ lieu Dd la giai doan tQ sau Alexandre de Rhodes de'n dau the ky XIX Cudn TQ dien Viet - La tinh cua P de Behaine vao trQdc nam 1975 cung khdng h i dQdc biet tdi Hau het cac nha nghien cQu diu cho rang nd da bj chay mpt vu hoa hoan Le Ngpc Tru cung cd nhac tdi cudn tQ dien va chi difa dQdc mot trang dau Chi vao thap ky 80 nay, ngifdi ta mdi tim thay nd kho iQU trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nQdc ngoai b Paris Nd dxiac chuyen sang ThQ vien Qudc gia Phap va tinh hinh chinh trj mdi, thQ vien mdi girt tang cho Vien Han Ndm tai Ha Ndi mpt ban chup So vdi yeu cau cua de tai la sifu tam tif lieu chQ Qudc ngQ the ky XVlll thi chung tdi da vQdt yeu cau NhQng tQ lieu cd dQdc vao cudi the ky XVlll va mpt phan tQ the ky XIX cho phep ta ddi chieu vdi nhQng tQ lieu da bie't va cd dQdc nhQng nhan djnh khac di TrQdc day ngQdi ta chi biet rang cac van vie't la " ong, ong, ung " thi vao thdi ky A de Rhodes va sau dd mpt chut dQdc viet vdi dau tilde b tren nguyen am thay cho "ng' b cudi, tiJc la difdi dang " ao, ou, u, " va den P de Behaine thi c6 sif thay doi han, cac van d6 dxiac viet vdi ng b cudi nhif Nhif vay la c6 mot sif dot bien Vdi tif lieu phong phu hien nay, ngifdi ta khong the ndi den sif dot bien ay Tnidc P de Behaine, b giao si ngifdi Phap ten la Lui da c6 sif xuat hien each viet cac van d6 vdi ng b cudi nhifrig cdn song song vdi viec dung dau tilde P de Behaine da chiu anh hifdng ciia Lui, ngifdi ddng hifpng ciia ong va ong da viet vdi ng, nhurig ben canh ong, b nhOrig ngifdi ddng thdi vdi ong, van co viec sii dung dau tilde va each viet lai bien hem Sau nay, Taberd cudn Tif dien Viet - La tinh, da theo P de Behaine i«; Viet cac van dd vdi ng Anh hQdng la chac chan, vi chinh tac gia da ndi rd rang tac pham cua dng la dxia vao cudn tQ dien cua P de Behaine, dng dQdng nhQ chi sifa sang lai va cho xuat ban Tdm lai, den thdi gian dd van cd sQ song song cua hai each viet, nhUhg chd tQ dien cua Taberd dQdc in ra, nd dQdc phd bien rdng rai hdn va cdn dQdc iQU truyen sang the he sau, vi vay ma each viet vdi ng cua dng dQdc thang the Cudn tQ dien dQdc in ra, da ddng gdp vao viec the che hoa each viet, each viet cua tac gia cung chi la mdt sd each viet khac cua mpi ngQdi luc dQdng thdi 2.2 Vdi 41 van ban mdi sQU tam dxiac khdng nhQhg cd the ndi nhQhg mdc ldn sQ phat trien cua chQ Qudc ngQ de c6 dQdc mot bQc tranh toan canh vl ljch sii hinh chQ Qudc ngQ ma cdn gdp phan vao viec lam sang td nhilu van de viec nghien cQu ngQ am ljch suf tiehg Viet, viec nghien cQu tie'ng dja phifdng, nghien cQu nhQhg tQ cd, nghien cQu cau tnic cau trQdc kia, tdm lai la ndi chung vl ljch suf tiehg Viet Dd la chifa ke nhieu dilu bd ich cd the rut dQdc gdp phan nghien cQu ljch sQ xa hdi Viet Nam Viec khai thac cac tQ lieu la mot bQdc nOa se phai lam Hien nay, pham vi di tai da dang ky chiing tdi mdi chi hoan cac cdng viec cua bQdc mdt IV De nghi NhQ tren da ndi, day la mdt tap tQ lieu quy chifa tOhg cd b Viet Nam Nd cd gia trj vl mat thQc tiln va c6 tinh thdi sQ cao Nay can in dxiac cang sdm cang tdt nham phuc vu gidi nghien cQu va ddng dao quan chiing cd quan tam 16 Trong khudn khd ngan sach cua Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, chung tdi mudn dang ky mpt de tai de tiep tuc cdng viec viia lam, nham thifc hien cdng viec-cua bQdc hai Chu thich ^ Nguyin K h k Xuyen da vi^t trdn 20 b^i nghien ciru v^ chQ" Qu6c ngu- dang tren cac tap chf nhu Vdn hod nguyet san , Bach khoa, Viet Nam khdo cotgp san ,v.v tai mien Nam, va nhieu tap chf khac tai nudrc ngoai 6ng chu y nhi^u de'n Tir di^n Viet - B6 - La va giao sy Ddc Ld ( Alexandre de Rhodes ) D6 Quang Chinh, Lich sUchu Quoc nga 1620,1659 Nxb Ra khai, S^i Gon 1972 Ong cung viet bai nghien cuu khac dSng cac tap chf a mi^n Nam trudc 1975 ^ Thanh Lang " Nhutig chang ducmg cua chG vie't Quoc ngQ" dang tren tap chf Dqi hpc s6'l va s6' 2, Hue', 1961 Ong da ciing D6 Quang Chfnh dich TCtdien An nam - Lasitan - Latin, Vien KHXH, Tp HCM, 1991 * Hoang Phe, chii bien cud'n Vdn de cdi tien chu Quoc ngCt, Nxb Van hoa Ha n6i, 1961 6ng c6n 1^ tac gia nhieu bai nghien curu v^ va'n de chiJ Qud'c ngil, dang tren tap chf Nghien cUu vdn hoc sd' 2, 5, / 1961 ^ Hoang Xuan Han " Mdl vai van kien bang Qu6c am tang tru a Au chau dang a Dgi hpc sd' 10, Hue' 1959 ^ Hdi thao da diln 21, 28,30/9/1959 va 7/10/1960 tai Ha ndi Bao cao dl din va cac tham luan diu ducrc ky yeu vai ten la "Van de cdi tien chu Qudc ngu:, Nxb Van hoa Ha ndi 1961 ^ Nguyin thi Bach Nhan, Su bie'n d6i cac hinh thuc chiJ Qudc ngu tu 1620 - 1877, luan an tien sT NgCr van, Dai hoc Su pham Ha ndi I 1994 ^ Tr^n Thu Nga, ChQ Qud'c ngu the ky XVII - XVIII, Luan van cu nhan Ngu van, Dai hoc Tong hap Ha noi, 1990, ban viet tay chua xua't ban Nguyin Qud'c Hung, Chu Qud'c ngu the' ky XVIII - XIX, Luan van cu nhan NgQ van, Dai hpc Tong hop Ha ndi 1991, Ban viet tay chua xua't ban Pham Nhu Quynh, Nhung va'n dl chfnh ta va ngu am cac cud'n Tu dien the ky XVIII - XIX, Luan van cu nhan NgQ van, Dai hoc Tdng hap Ha ndi, 1992 '* Nguyin Tai Can va Nonna V Stankievitch " Vl mdt so van ban the ky XVIII vua phat hien duqc a mdt kho luu tru tai Paris " To qudc sd' 38 / 1982 Trong bai cac tac gia giai thieu chung cac van ban vie't bang chu Ndm va bang chQ Qud'c ngu va cdng viec chup cac tu lieu ciia Doan 'Thien Thuat tai Paris '" Nonna V Stankievitch " Ve mot so van ban van xudi viet bang chu Qud'c ngu thl ky XVII - XVIII, hien luu giQ duoc a Paris " Tcip chi Khoa hgc sd' 4/1991, tap chf cua trucmg Dai hoc T6ng hgp Ha ndi Tac gia mieu ta kha ky cac van ban vl so luang, tlnh hinh luu giu ( ky hieu, nien dai va ca hinh thuc, kfch thuac cua ti^g van ban ) Hai Gs Nguyin Tai Can, N V Stankievitch va tdi co may man dugc vao kho luu trQ cua Hdi Truyin giao nudc ngoai ciing mot lugt Mdi nguai cd nhung quan tam khac Gs Stankievitch chu y de'n tir vung va ngQ phap tie'ng Viet qua khu Ba vui mimg tim dugc cac van ban van xudi vd'n ra't hie'm, vl trudc day h£iu nhu chi cd van van, Gs Nguyin Tai Can thi chii y de'n each each ghi tie'ng Viet bang chQ Ndm qua cac thdi ky dl tim hieu lich sir ngQ am tilng Viet, tdi thl ehu y de'n hinh thuc eua chQ Qud'c ngQ pham vi van tu hpc va phan nao de'n ngQ am lich su Hai tae gia tren thdi gian luu tni ngdn, chi cd the dpc va ghi chep dugc thdi cdn viec chup anh tdi dam nhiem KUN&I^ ... Nga, ChQ Qud''c ngu the ky XVII - XVIII, Luan van cu nhan Ngu van, Dai hoc Tong hap Ha noi, 1990, ban viet tay chua xua''t ban Nguyin Qud''c Hung, Chu Qud''c ngu the'' ky XVIII - XIX, Luan van cu nhan... am cac cud''n Tu dien the ky XVIII - XIX, Luan van cu nhan NgQ van, Dai hoc Tdng hap Ha ndi, 1992 ''* Nguyin Tai Can va Nonna V Stankievitch " Vl mdt so van ban the ky XVIII vua phat hien duqc a... TAT TINH HINH NGHlfiN CLfU CUA CUA D^ TAI Si/u tdm vd khao sat ta lieu chQ qud''c ng& cd The''ky XVIII Ma so QG Chu nhiem de tai : Gs Doan Thien Thuat Co quan chu tri: Trung tam nghien ciiU Viet