M@d @b@Mt"qq 03: DlnoSdurS This looolc belongs to: I F A cotologue record for this book is ovqiloble from the British Librory Published by Lodybird Books Ltd BO Strond London WC2R ORL A Penguin Compony 46810975 O LADYBIRD BOOKS LTD MMVIII IADYBIRD ond the device of o Lodybird ore trodemorks of Lodybird Books Produced by Colcium for Lodybird Books ISBN: Ltd Ltd 9281 84646 922 Printed in Chinq It i,,,,::,: ,i$.,' 'l Whclt were dinosclurs? Dinosqurs were reptiles thqt first wolked on Eorth between 203 ond 225 million yeors ogo, during o time colled the Mesozoic erq Then suddenly, 65 million yeors ogo, they oll died out Fossils of dinosour bones show us how they moy hqve looked There were mony different kinds of dinosour Some were peoceful Others, such qs Deinonychus, were fierce hunters Plqnt-eoting Stegosourus hqd two rows of bony plotes thot ron olong its bock ond toil ; !* \ \ *-{ ft,x ltt Apotosourus wos o giont, slow-moving plont-eoter If you have o computer, you downloqd o poster of different dinosours from www I odyb ird co m/mqdob out iI Time of the dinosours The Mesozouc ero wos divided into three periods: the Tricrssic, Jurcrssic ond Cretqceotls Eoch period hod o different climcrte ond its own type \ of plonts Dinosours olso chonged from one period to onother Mqny leofy plonts grew In the Jurossic period Thot meqnt there wos plenty of food for plont-eoting dinosours, ond they grew bigger qnd bigger Archoeoptery one of the eorliest of birds It hod feothered wings ond o feothered toil \i \,, Brochiosourus t(,i *"*, Other creotures shqred the dinosour world Some, cqlled pterosqurs, flew in the skies TRIASSIC JURASSIC 200-250 L45-200 million yeors ogo million yeors crgo CRETACEOUS 65-r45 million yeors ogo some creqtures, such os Ichthyosourus, swctm in the seos E II DinoSo ur bodieS Lorge meot- dinosours hqd similqr skeletons These included o skull spine, ribs, hips, shoulders, legs, ond toil Dinosours hcrd different body shopes, depending on how they lived A11 eoters, like Albertosourus, hod huge skulls to corry the weight of their tooth-filled jaws Meqt-eqters' teeth were different to plont-eqters' teeth Meot-eqters hqd shorp teeth for gripping qnd teoring flesh Plont-eqters hqd flotter or rounder teeth for grinding up plonts Diplodocus wos o plont-eoter I I sottor'urus The first dinosqurs wolked on two legs As dinosours become lo.rger, some of them wqlked on four legs to hold up their lorge stomochs t)| iir Allosoul'tts wcls o meot-eoter I rF' 11 nt Weird ond wonderful Dinosours come in mony shopes orrd sLzes Some of them looked very stronge! Corythosourus had o brightly coloured heod crest It moy hove used its crest to ottrqct q mote Oviroptor's beok like o bird's wq.s just Tricerotops hod three lorge horns on its foce Tricerotops herds mqy hove grouped together to moke on outword-fqcing circle Their bobies would hove been sofe inside the circle L2 Spinosourus hod o bony soil olong its bock Blood vessels inside the soil moy hqve wqrmed up in the sltlr Thcrt would hove kept this dinosour worm Huge pldnt-edters Tricerotops'heod Some of the lqrgest dinosours were plont-eqters They hod to eot huge omounts of food to stlrvive The plonts they qte were tough ond tn #;LT#"""n thqt's the height of a fully-grown mon! difficult to digest Cetioscrurus wcrs cur enormous dinosqur It wos 16 metres long When it wos first discovered, scientists thought Cetiosqurus wos Some lorge plont-eoting dinosqurs q whole becouse swqllowed stones to help breok down the food inside their stomqchs it wqs so big! Sperm whole Brqchiosqurus hod o very long neck It wos held up by incredibly strong muscles Brochiosourus Diplodocus hod on extremely long bock snd toil It wqs os long qs two buses Its four, pillor-like legs helped to keep it upright wcrs os toll trs cr four-storey L4 l 15 frrledt-edters Meot-eqting dinosqurs usuolly hqd long, strong legs They used them to run quickly, so they could cqtch their prey They qlso hod strong jows, shorp teeth ond deqdly clows Allosourus could open its jows for oport ond move them outwords to eqt huge chunks of flesh ' i * { eosily cotch its prey 3# Tyronnosourus rex used its forword-focing eyes to see exoctly how fff owoy its prey wos before it ottocked Tyronnosourus rex's shorp teeth were qbout 18 centimetres long Deinonychus used its rozor-shorp, swivelling toe clqws to slosh into the flesh of dinosqurs By hunting in pocks, Deinonychus could bring down dinosours much bigger thon itself T Defence Mony plqttt-eqting dinosours hod horns or spikes, which they used to defend themselves Others simPlY used their enormous Srze to Score owoy enemies Edmontonio hod shorP shorp spikes spikes olong eoch side of its body Tough, bony ridges on its bock gove it more protection Euoplocepholus hqd o lorge qt the end of club Tyronnosourus l.r,rr ffi rex itS tOiI It coUld bring down qn qttqcker just by giving it oshorp top on the shin Sgme dinosqurs could reor up ontd'their two bqck legs to moke themselves bigger II Living together Some dinosours lived together Plont-eoters often lived in lorge groups, or herds Some meot-eoters lived in smoll groups, or pocks A few dinosours moy hqve even communicctted with sound with its qir-filled crest The sound moy hove worned other dinosqurs thqt on enemy wos neqr o-rms of dinosour eoch other ffi Porqsqurolophus could moke o trumpeting protecting eggs I I ossili zed nests show us thqt boby dinosours stoyed in their nests F eggs {?r \< Hypsilophodon Iived in herds for o long time This moy meon thot mother dinosours nurtured their young t -*r*mcgcElmli 20 \,, Ii 2L iI DinoSo ur hunting Dinosour fossils hove been found o11 over the world However, it is very unusuol to find o complete dinosour skeleton Scientists who hunt for ond study dinosctur fossils ore colled pqlqeontologists (p ay -lee- Dinosour fossils ore often found by occident Roin ond wind weor owoy rock to show fossils beneqth its surfo"ce Fossils ore olso found when the eqrth crocks open, such qs during on eorthquoke on- r oLLo-ils fs ) Polqeontologists cleon up fossils ond piece them together to moke o dinosour's skeleton The most commonly found fossils ore bones, clows qnd teeth Footprints, nests ond even dung fossils ctre qlso sometimes found Tyronnosourus rex II Dinosclur ndmeS soy ilteoning Albertosourus ol-esnt-oh-soRp-us Allosourus el-oh-soRE-us Apotosourus lllome Dinosour nomes ore usuqlly mqde up from Lcrtin or Greek words Dinosours ore often given their nomes becquse of the woy they look For exomple, Tyronnosourus meons 'tyront ltzord' Opposite is o list of otl the dinosours in this book It tells you how to soy Archoeopter;m whole lizord KoMP-soh-xav-thus elegont jow Corythosourus ron-rith-oh-sonp-us helmet lizord Deinonychus die-NoN-i-kus terrible clow Diplodocus di-pr,oH-doh-kus double beom Edmontonio ed-mon-tolln-ee-oh of Edmonton Euoplocepholus you- op-loh-snr'-oh-lus well ormoured heod Gigonotosourus gig Herrerosourus he-nnH-ro-sonE-us Herrero's lizord Hypsilophodon hip-sih-los-foh-don high ridge tooth Ichthyosourus m-thi-oh-soRE-us fish lizord Iguonodon ig-wue-noh-don iguona tooth Mamenchissurus MAH-men-chi-soRn-us Mussaurus InUS-SORE-US lizord from Momen mouse lizord Oviroptor oHv-ih-nep-tor egg Poehycepholoscurus PAK- Porqsourolophus pqr- o-sonn-oh-loAF-us beside Sourolophus Pterosour tnnn-oh-soRE finger reptile Soltoscurus selt-oh-soRE-us of Solto Spinosourus spwn-oh-soRE-us Stegosaurus srnc-oh-sonE-us thorn lizqrd roof lizord Tricerotops try-snnna-tops three-horned foce Troodon rnon-oh-don wounding tooth Tyronnosourus rex tie-naN-oh-sone-us rex Ultrqsourus ULT.TO-SORE-US tyrant lizord ultrq lizord Velociroptor Tricerotops mectns three-horned foce orm lizord ssn-tee-oh-soRp-us Compsognothus Corythosourus, the helmet lizqrd qncient wing BR.AK-ee-oh-soRn-us Cetiosourus whcft they meolt ork-ee-oP'l-er-ix Brochiosourus their nomes ond qh-par-oh-sonn-us Alberta lizord other lizord deceptive lizord vrl-o-si-nep-tor quick -erv-oh -toe- soRE -u s ee- snr- q- loh - soRE -u s giqrrt southern lizord thief thick-heoded lizord plunderer 25 24 I o Fontostic facts O O 'Dinosqur' meons 'terrible lizord' in Lcftin Dinosour hunters look of fossilized dinosour dung, colled coprolites, to find out whot dinosours qte Smqll, boneless creotures colled qmmonites died Some huge plont-eoters, So for, obout 700 different kinds of dinosour hqve been found out with the dinosqurs Lots of ommonite fossils be found todoy such os Diplodocus ond Brochiosourus, mqy hqve lived for qbout 100 yeqrs Dinosqurs usuolly wqlked on their toes, just like dogs, cqts ond chickens A pqd of tissue on the bqck of the dinosqur's think dinosqurs become extinct when o meteor hit the Eqrth Some people foot octed os o shock qbsorber ond wiped them out Mqrty dinosqur fossils hove been found in Mongolio's Gobi Desert O Dinosqur fossils hqve been found qll over the world Perhops there ore some where you live! The smqllest dinosour skeleton ever found is the skeleton of o boby dinosour cqlled Mussqurus, or'mouse lizqrd' It cqn fit in the pqlm of o il-s person's hond rrl) South Americo ) O Ploces where dinosqur fossils hove been found 27 Am o,zing dinoso vr clwclrdS fu@@vfrest Brqchiosqurus looked like o mossive giroffe It weighed between 30 qnd 50 tonnes the some os ten elephonts! Uomg@St m@Gk Momenchisourus hqd the longest neck of oll dinosours It hod 19 bones in its neck, which wos 14 metres long Thot's obout four times longer thon o giroffe's neck! U@wg@st Ultrosourus wos o huge ffiirffiirffii - plont-eqter thot lived in the Jurqssic Period It wos up to 39 metres long - the length of three buses! Compsognothus wos only one metre long ond weighed obout the some os o chicken Although it wos smoll, it wos o fost, successful hunter m@mt@st Gigonotosourus wcrs the biggest of qll meqt-eqting dinosqurs It wos L4.3 metres long Thqt's qbout qs long os cr lorge lorry Tyronnosourus rex brcdn>\ Troodon wos probobly the brightest dinosour For its body size, its broin wos bigger thqn cmy other dinosour It Iived in the Cretqceous period ond wos o fierce hunter 29 .,'-l.r )i_ Closscr ry climote - the woy the InCex Mesozoicerd-qtime weqther is over o long period between 65 ond 248 million B of time yeors ogo when dinosours communicate - to 'tqlk' to onotheq usuolly through lived on Eorth bqbies bones meteot - o lorge rock thqt noise or touch L6-L7,22,25 pock c nurture - to look ofter pack - o smoll group of communicotion 20 L3,2I,30 crests Cretqceous period 65-144 million yeors ogo o scientist who studies the digest - to breok food down fossils of extinct onimols in the stomoch deceptive - to give the thot steols from others wrong ideo obout something prey - qn onimol hunted by extinct - to hove died out fossils - bones or other body onother for food ports found in the ground herJ - o lorge group of qnimol whose body food - 22-23 7,9, L0, 14-L5, 18, L6-r7,26 6,20,22-23, 26-27, 30 s skeletons skin spikes L0,22-23,26 18-19 tl herds horns L3,20-21, 30 13, 18, 24-25 jows Jurossic T toils teeth Triossic J o cold-blooded 16-17, 30 ,9, 10, 14-15, fossils plunderer - person or onimol reptile - L7,20 20,26,28 some type pdloeontologist plorrt-eoters prey F of the Mesozoic ero, obout hunters poloeontologists 8, 29, 30 meot-eoting onimqls of the CretoceouS - the lqst period L5,29 20,22 P clows trqvels through spoce creSt - o tuft of feqthers, fur or skin olong the top of on qnimol's heod 6,22,27,29 n, necks nests L3,20,26 7,9, 10, 14, 18 10-11, 16, 22,25 8, 30 period IL, L6,25 period 8-9, 28, 30 temperoture is controlled by plont-eoting onimols thot live ond feed together the temperoture of the sun, Jurossic - the middle period of the Mesozoic ero, obout survive - to keep on living Triossic - the first period L44-208 million yeors ogo 10-1L, L6-I7, ero 6, 8, 30 of the Mesozoic ero, qbout Lotin - t/l meot-eoters 208-248 million yeors o.go on old longuoge often crir or wqter thqt surrounds it Mesozoic 20,28 used by scientists to nome onimqls ond plonts 31 30 TT lAsd abG)utu"u Dlnoscturs Frorn food qnd fossils to herds qnd horns, this book is pdcked with foscinoting fqcts for qll children who dre mod about dinosdurs Titles in this series: [';ilSl Ff lrf,rf ltfrfrl lrfffrfl llfffrf I tfi*d mFl b','gl tg:*:l Itf 'fFrl lo , / ol lr loo ol ' '*-61l l orl I Dinoscurs I- I Ballet l.rri'l r.r1r i I r i'rf{ I t+; i+ I I I I | Helpline 0845 036 6600 Coll to ftnd out how todybird books help ooyDlro DooKs I children's leorning wrvw.lodfrird.com oirl ls.f''l I ffil FBI l-3 Itn'rl rtrt 'crz la 1.71_rr l:-r: rl lrerrql l-, I I rol l'+rr, I t " CItl l?irotes I E!fl FH ... fossils to herds qnd horns, this book is pdcked with foscinoting fqcts for qll children who dre mod about dinosdurs Titles in this series: ['';ilSl Ff lrf,rf ltfrfrl lrfffrfl llfffrf I tfi*d mFl b'',''gl