i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mrs. Le Dieu My, M.A lecturer of Foreign Language of Department at Duy Tan University, my supervisor for her precious assistance, useful comments and enthusiastic helps to me during the writing of this graduation paper. I am sincerely thankful to all my beloved teachers at Department of Foreign Languages for their worth lecture, wide knowledge and kind assistance to me during the time I was studying at university. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my classmates at Duy Tan University and all my close friends for their kind encouragement. Many words of thanks to the library staff of Duy Tan University who help me with materials during the time I was learning at university, especially, in the period of time I am writing this graduation paper. Last but not least, I especially wish to thanks all members of my family for their love, help, and understanding. I wish all of you a good health, happiness and success. ii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the graduation paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a graduation paper by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the graduation paper. This graduation paper has not been submitted for award of any degrees or diplomas in any other tertiary institutions. Danang, June 5 th , 2014 TÔ MỸ QUỲNH CHÂU iii ABSTRACT This paper presents the suggested version of the original chapter in the book, and provides some terminologies and vocabularies in the education. Moreover, it gives some difficulties and solutions happening during a translation process, especially when translating some phrases and sentences relating to the education unions and the education politics. The graduation paper will help translator to get some experiences and to identify some mistakes and difficulties arising in translating process. Basing on this way, the translator can improve their knowledge and understanding some strengths and weaknesses of translation. iv ABBREVIATIONS 1. NEA: The National Education Association [1, p] 2. AFT: The American Federation of Teachers [3,p] 3. AFL-CIO : The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL–CIO) [15, p] 4. ASCD: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development [39,p] 5. CAPE : The Coalition of American Public Employees [51, p] 6. UFT: The United Federation of Teachers (UFT) [93, p] 7. EAI: Enterprise application integration -The Tesseract Group (formerly EAI) [122, p] 8. SL: Source Language 9. TL: Target Language v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i ABSTRACT iii 1 PART A INTRODUCTION 1. RATIONALE Vietnam is developing day by day, and the international relationship increasingly broadens. Therefore, the foreign language demand also increases with a huge amount of translated documents, materials, news. Many means of communication such as broadcast, TV, newspaper need to be translated foreign languages into Vietnamese in order to express to the public. In addition, contracts, project document, data need to be translated in administrative transaction. The movie and film also should have Vietnamese subtitles. Therefore, it has no doubt to understand that the translation is very important in our life and the society. In many fields, an education is one of the main fields of the society. Vietnam is a developing country, so the education also plays the important role in the development of the country. The economy and society more and more develop. Therefore, the education should be promoted and enhanced more and more. To do this, the education of each nation needs to get much time and efforts to carry out. With the long history development, there are many countries having the education that is developing a lot, changing and also improving to adapt to the global development. Because the aim of the graduation paper is providing some information and a material for educators and translators to understand not only the American Education but also to exchange the translation versions and the translation methods, I chose the chapter 3 of the American Education book of Joel Spring-Teachers Unions and Teacher Politics. The education is really hard to understand, transfer and, translate exactly and briefly if you are not the person who works in the education department. Surely, to do this, it should get so much time to understand and to study, also have wide knowledge that can translate and transfer to the best translation version. 2 As a student whose major is translating and interpreting, I would like to choose this book to complete my graduation paper. I hope that I can apply many things I have studied during four years at university and my experiences to finish the chapter 3 of this book. 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The first aim of the paper is studying and exchanging the experiences, especially when translating the book relating the education field. With the suggested translation version and the method analyzing the meaning of words, and the structures, the paper would like to figure out the strengths and the weaknesses of the personal translation ability, bring the knowledge studied to the practical situation, and also improve the translation skills. The second aim is to provide some information of the foundation of two American education unions, National Education Association (NEA) and American Federation of Teachers (AFT), and the role of two unions in the American politics. Besides that, the paper also gives some information about problems arising during the American education history, methods and experiences in innovating and improving the education, training, and teacher quality, some objective. Furthermore, the American Education affects a little bit to the American politics, so the paper also provides some effects of education in American politics through the operations of the NEA. 3. SCOPE OF STUDY 3.1. TEXT FEATURES Joel Spring’s American Education provides a clear, concise introduction to the historical, political, social, and legal foundations of education and to the profession of teaching in the United States. Students will come away with a strong knowledge of the forces behind the shaping of the American educational system through connecting with the latest topics, issues, and data. 3 The title of chapter three is Teachers’ Unions and Teacher Politics. I extract the text from this chapter to translate for the graduation paper. The text mainly talks about some problems such as the differences between two organizations: The National Education Association and The American Federation of Teachers, The brief history of NEA and AFT, and the role of two unions nowadays. The education is one of the primary matters and is the important part of the society. Every developing country always focuses on the education. However, to implement well and improve suitably for the development of the society and economy are the difficult problems. In many countries, the government usually felt hard to solve some education problems, argumentations and contradictions arising in the educations. Because the government has many tasks and works such as guiding, instructing, and issuing the guidelines and policies for their nations, they hardly administrate and handle all tasks strictly and seriously. Therefore, many unions and organizations were founded with the same aims, and played a main role to the American Education. Two organizations leading in this movement are The National Education Association and The American Federation of Teachers. The missions of two unions are to be representatives of teachers, students who bargain with the administrations and managers to gain the collective aims accordant with two sides. Moreover, two unions also represent of two parties of the American government. The NEA represents the Republican Party and The AFT, represents the Democratic Party. In addition, two unions express two different demands and expectation of teachers, and take part in some activities to control and solve some problems relating to the education. Besides that, The NEA and The AFT affect a lot to the American politics. The text in the graduation paper provides some essential information relating the problems talked above. 4 3.2. TEXT LENGTH Because the time and the quantity of words in the book for translating is limited, some first parts in the book were selected to translate. The text includes 15 pages, 4637 words, 39 paragraphs. 3.3. TEXT ORGANIZATION In the American Education book by Joel Spring, there are two parts with eleven chapters: • Part One: THE SCHOOL AND THE SOCIAL ORDER 1. The Purposes of Public Schooling 2. The profession of Teaching 3. Teachers’ Union and Teacher Politics 4. Equality of Opportunity and Social Class 5. Equality of Educational Opportunity: Race, Gender, and Special Needs. 6. Student Diversity 7. Multicultural Education • Part two: POWER AND CONTROL IN AMERICAN EDUCATION 8. Local Control, Home Schooling, Choice, Charter Schools, Privatization, and Commercialism 9. Power and Control at the State and National Levels: Accountability, High- Stakes Testing, School Violence, the Reading and Math Wars, and Private Foundations 10. Textbooks, Curriculum, Internet E-Learning, and Instruction 11. The Courts and the Schools • My text in this paper is in Chapter 3 “Teachers’ Unions and Teacher Politics” of Part One “The School and The Social Order”. The text includes part one to part 3 in this chapter. In this chapter, there are five parts: 1. Differences between the Two Unions… 49 2.A Brief History of the National Education Association (NEA)…50 3.A Brief History of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT)…52 5 The NEA and AFT Today…55 4.A Case Study: Tom Mooney, AFT Vice President and President Salaries and Teacher Strikes….57 Conclusion….64 5. Suggested Readings and Works Cited in Chapter…67 3.4. TEXT SOURCE The name of the chapter is “Teachers’ Unions and Teacher Politics” in the American Education Book written by Joel Spring, Tenth Edition, Published by McGraw-Hill, 2002. 4. METHOD OF THE STUDY This graduation paper was performed with some following steps:  Constructing the translation theory, then analyzing and presenting the illustrating examples.  Finding out the author and the book I will translate  Beginning to translate, and studying particularly vocabularies, the names of the organizations and some terminologies.  Researching some references on Internet or in books in order to have more basics to construct and analyze the graduation paper exactly and briefly. 5. STUDY ORGANIZATION • Part A: Introduction The introduction gives rationale for the study. It also outlines the aims and the objectives of the study. • Part B: Development The development consists of 3 chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical Background Chapter 2: Suggested Translation Chapter 3: Analysis • PART C: Dificultities and Solutions [...]... trong đàm phán chuyên nghiệp nhưng The NEA claimed it was involved in không nằm trong thoả thuận tập thể của professional negotiating and not in union tổ chức.Đàm phán chuyên nghiệp theo collective bargaining Professional như NEA thì nó phải tháo bỏ thủ tục negotiation, according to the NEA, đàm phán từ các tiền lệ lao động, luật và would remove negotiation procedures phải dùng đến các hội liên hiệp... to khi trình bày với hội đồng trường represent their demands before the school board Một khi đã được bầu làm tổ chức đại 30 diện cho các giáo viên địa phương, thì tổ Once selected as a representative of the chức sẽ phải đàm phán với hội đồng nhà local teachers, the organization would trường về điều kiện làm việc và lương negotiate with the school board over bổng Rất nhiều hội đồng nhà trường đã working... báo cho situation and turned the local affiliates các thành viên hội đồng và nhà quản lí into organizations that told boards and về những điều giáo viên mong muốn administrators which teachers they 15 wanted Cuộc đàm phán tập thể đã tạo nên mối 15 liên hệ mới giữa các tổ chức địa phương Collective bargaining created a new của NEA và hội đồng giáo dục địa relationship between locals of the NEA phương... called Supervision Directors an enlarged sát và Phát triển Chương trình học , viết Association and of ban mở rộng với tên gọi Hiệp hội Giám for tắt là ASCD ASCD vẫn được xem như Curriculum là tổ chức chuyên nghiệp chính trong Development (ASCD) The ASCD is việc thảo luận các vấn đề liên quan đến still recognized as the major professional chương trình học organization for the discussion of 13 curriculum... this point in time, local school hội giáo dục địa phương.Các hiệp hội administrators had controlled many local education associations, which used the giáo dục này sử dụng các tổ chức địa 29 phương như một công cụ để truyền tải local organizations to convey policies các chính sách được vạch ra bởi hội determined by the board and đồng và chính quyền administration Cuộc đàm phán tập thể đã đảo ngược tình... hiện a dramatic transformation when it chương trình cho các cuộc đàm phán tập launched a program for collective thể.Điều này có ý nghĩa rằng các tổ chức negotiations This meant that local địa phương sẽ phải nỗ lực nhằm đạt affiliates would attempt to achieve được thoả thuận đàm phán chung với collective-bargaining agreements with hội đồng giáo dục địa phương local boards of education Biến chuyển này thay... mình, nhưng họ phần lớn members, but they most often simple thường chỉ giúp thực hiện các chính sách helped to carry out policies of local của hội đồng các trường địa phương và school boards and administrators nhà quản lí Các giáo viên sẽ thương lượng cá nhân với hội đồng trường về lương bổng và Teachers bargained individually with the điều kiện làm việc.Với việc thoả thuận school board over salary and... phi lợi nhuận, Public Employees (CAPE) CAPE is a comprising bao gồm Hiệp hội Giáo dục Quốc gia, nonprofit the corporation Liên bang Quốc gia Mỹ, Hiệp hội Công National Education chức Thành phố, Liên hiệp Công chức Association; American Federation of Kho bạc Quốc gia, Hiệp hội Bác sỹ State, Country, Municipal Quốc gia; và Hiệp hội Y tá Mỹ Những National Employees; and Treasury tổ chức này đại diện cho... provide a means of marshaling and chính và quan hệ công chúng của các tổ coordinating the legislative, legal, chức thành viên trong các vấn đề thường financial, and public relations resources được quan tâm” of the member organizations in matters Điều quan trọng nhất của các vấn đề này of common concern” là việc lập pháp được ủng hộ nhằm mang The most important of these matters is lại các quyền thoả thuận... union movement is reflected by its chung của Liên đoàn được phản ánh membership along with seventy-five thông qua tư cách thành viên cùng với other unions in the 13.1-million-member 75 liên hiệp khác trong số 13,1 triệu AFL-CIO The NEA remains thành viên của Liên đoàn lao động Mỹ unaffiliated with the general labor và Đại hội của Tổ chức Công nghiệp movement represented by the AFT- Mỹ.Liên hiệp giáo dục