[...]... HAYFLICK, WHO IN 1961 DISCOVERED THAT THE SECTION OF DNA CALLED THE TELOMERE INFLUENCES CELL LIFE SPAN 16 WHAT ARE WE MADE OF? HUMAN BODY I 17 Systems of the Body he body has various systems with different functions These functions range from reproducing a cell to developing a new human being, from circulating the blood to capturing oxygen from the air, and from processing food through grinding and chemical... part of the body The pelvic girdle and sacrum form the pelvis, which contains the organs of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems SACROILIAC The joint that transmits the weight of the body from the spinal column to the pelvis SACRUM COXALS 22 BONES AND MUSCLES HUMAN BODY I 23 Bony Tissue TWO TYPES OF BONE CELLS he primary mission of the bones is to protect the organs of the body Bones are... one, how the body' s systems function You will learn to understand how various organs of the KIDNEYS 60-61 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 62-63 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 64-65 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 66-67 body work as a team Although each organ accomplishes specific tasks on its own, they all communicate with each other, and together they form a complete human being 36 INTERNAL SYSTEMS AND ORGANS HUMAN BODY I 37...12 WHAT ARE WE MADE OF? HUMAN BODY I 13 The Cell CELLULAR MEMBRANE The covering of the cell surrounding the cytoplasm It is also known as the plasma membrane CYTOSKELETON Composed of fibers, the cytoskeleton is responsible for cell motion, or cytokinesis t is the smallest unit of the human body and of all living organisms—able to function autonomously It is... a risk of infection 26 BONES AND MUSCLES HUMAN BODY I 27 The Great Axis of the Body ATLAS This bone is the first of the seven cervical bones; it unites the spinal column with the head AXIS The second cervical vertebra Together with the atlas, it permits the movement of the head he vertebral, or spinal, column is the flexible axis that lends support to the body It consists of a series of bones jointed... and that, besides supporting the body, they are charged with producing red blood cells? In this chapter you will find incredible images, curiosities, and other information 20 BONES AND MUSCLES HUMAN BODY I 21 Skeleton he skeleton, or the skeletal system, is a strong, resistant structure made up of bones and their supporting ligaments and cartilage The skeleton gives the body form and structure, covers... caused in the homeostatic mechanisms of the human body, causing disease that may or may not be infectious Noninfectious disease is usually produced by heredity, 100 square inches (600 sq cm) A Besides the immune system, composed in part by the lymphatic system, the body has another group of resources called natural defenses, which people possess from birth The body' s first defensive barrier is the skin... CAUSES VASODILATION THIS OCCURS BECAUSE THE BLOOD VESSELS EXPAND TO INCREASE BLOOD FLOW AS A MEANS OF DEFENSE 46 INTERNAL SYSTEMS AND ORGANS HUMAN BODY I 47 Respiratory System he respiratory system organizes and activates respiration, a process by which the human body takes in air from the atmosphere, extracts the oxygen that the circulation will bring to all the cells, and returns to the air products... each lung; the two great pathways into which the trachea is divided BRONCHIOLES are thinner than a human hair They secrete mucus 50 INTERNAL SYSTEMS AND ORGANS HUMAN BODY I 51 Digestive System he digestive system is the protagonist of a phenomenal operation that transforms food into fuel for the entire body The process begins with ingestion through the mouth and esophagus and continues with digestion... SYSTEMS AND ORGANS HUMAN BODY I 59 Urinary System ts basic organs are the kidneys (2), the ureters (2), the bladder, and the urethra Its function is to regulate homeostasis, maintaining the equilibrium between the water and the chemicals in the body The first phase of this objective is accomplished when the kidneys produce and secrete urine, a liquid that is eliminated from the body Urine is essentially . ARE WE MADE OF? HUMAN BODY I 17 Systems of the Body T he body has various systems with different functions. These functions range from reproducing a cell to developing a new human being, from. (volume): 978-1-59339-809-5 Britannica Illustrated Science Library: Human Body I 2008 Printed in China w ww.britannica.com Human Body I Contents What Are We Made Of? Page 6 Bones and Muscles Page. ■ Tokyo Britannica Illustrated Science Library Britannica Illustrated Science Library HUMAN BODY I HUMAN BODY I © 2 008 Editorial Sol 90 All rights reserved. Idea and Concept of This Work: Editorial