MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY NGO THI CAM LINH THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE Speciality: Agricultural Economics Code No.: 62 62 01 15 Ph.d THESIS SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE THAI NGUYEN - 2014 The study was done at: COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Scientific supervisors: 1. Assoc. Prof. Tran Chi Thien PhD 2. Assoc. Prof. Do Anh Tai PhD The peer review 1: The peer review 2: The peer review 3: The thesis is prevented to the Council held in Thai Nguyen University at the , , 2014 Desertation can be found at: - National Library - Learning Resource Center - Thai Nguyen University - Library of College of Economics & Business Administration LIST OF PUBLISHED STUDIES RELATED TO THE DOTORAL THESIS 1. Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2009), "Which model is most suitable for the development of the current Agricultural Co -operative in Vinh Phuc province", Journal of Forest and Livelihood, volumn 21, page 38, 8-2009. 2. Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2011), "Short - term programme of vocational training for farmers in Vinh Phuc province - Facts and solutions", Journal of Forest and Livelihood, volumn 31 & 3, page 38, 2-2011. 3. Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2011), "The effect of urbanization on farmers in Binh Xuyen District - Vinh Phuc province", Journal of Economics and Development, page 60, 6-2011. National Economics University Press. 4. Ngo Thi Cam Linh (2012), "Vinh Phuc - After 10 years of executing industrialization - modernization process", Journal of Science and Technology, page 69, 2-2012. 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Urgency of Research Topic Vietnam is in the work of promoting national industrialization - modernization and international integration. Industrialization and urbanization is the mainstream that strongly influences socio - economic life (socio-economic) in the territories of our country. The process of urbanization is an inevitable trend of social development. On the one hand, the process of urbanization creates "growth poles" that have the broad spreading power to rural areas: the socio- economic changes, the shifts in economic structure, employment structure, the shift in the supply of materials, migration between regions On the other hand, urbanization has also left many corollaries on some socio-economic aspects such as: arising of social stinging problems, causing social instability, hindering sustainable development. Researching and proposing the basic solutions to better implement the work of country construction and development through the path of urbanization is an inevitable and in accordance with objective rule, that is really the matter how to solve satisfactorily the employment and income problems of farmers in the current period. Therefore, I choose the research topic: "The impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province" as doctoral thesis. This topic has profound theoretical as well as practical values for planning the socio-economic policies of Vinh Phuc Province in period of 2010 to 2020. 2 2. Objectives of the Study 2.1. General Objective Clarifying the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province from which proposing solutions for farmers to access to employment in the context of urbanization. 2.2. Specific Objectives a/ Contribute to systematise and further develop the theoretical and practical basis about the effects of urbanization on employment of farmers. b/ Clarify the effects of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc Province c/ Propose primary solutions to help farmers access to jobs in the urbanization process in Vinh Phuc. 3. Subject and scope of research 3.1. Subject The object of this research is the jobs for the farmers affected by urbanization. In particular, the jobs of the farmers was studied in terms of: jobs that the workers themselves created, jobs created by business or by the State. 3.2. Scope of Research + Scope of space Research topic focuses on the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province. Survey areas and subjects (farmers, workers, businesses) are conducted in Binh Xuyen district. This area has the impressive economic restructuring as well as growth during period of 2000-2012. 3 + Scope of time: Research topic studied the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province from 2005 to 2012 and recommend solutions to help farmers more convenient access to jobs in the period from now up to 2020. + Scope of content This research topic studies and develops further the theoretical and practical basis about employment and the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers. This topic also clarifies the job changes of farmers in Vinh Phuc province due to the impact of urbanization, and from this basis, it proposes solutions to mitigate the negative impacts and promote the positive impact of urbanization on farmers' access to employment Vinh Phuc province under the impact of urbanization. 4. Literature review Nguyen Thi Hai Van (2013), "Urbanization and employment, labor in outskirts of Hanoi". Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha (2006), "Impact of urbanization process to labor and employment structure of households in Tu Liem District - Hanoi". Trieu Duc Hanh (2012), thesis title: "Study the solutions for creating sustainable jobs for rural labor in Thai Nguyen province." Nguyen Thi Thom and Phi Thi Hang (2009), "To provide jobs for rural labor in the urbanization process." Tran Thi Minh Ngoc (2010): "Employment of farmer in the process of industrialization - modernization at Red River Delta up to 2020." Ngoc Thanh Nguyen - Nguyen Truong (2009), "Impact of urbanization - industrialization on economic development and cultural-social change in Vinh Phuc province." 4 5. The novelty and contribution of this thesis + The novelty of this thesis - Interpret and clarify the relationship between urbanization and employment of farmers in terms of theory and practice, from which affirm that the urban development process is always associated with rural development issues, including the employment of farmers. - This thesis points out the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc Province on both positive and negative sides. It also explain the problems associated with urbanization, employment, and the question: urbanization is the driving force for job creation for farmers? Since then it answers the question how urbanization associated with jobs creation for farmers in this process. - This thesis provides scientific and practical basis for policy makers, managers to make the right decisions, in accordance with the reality, contributing to job creation in rural Vinh Phuc Province . + The contribution for science as well as practice. - Clarify more the theory about the relationship between urbanization and rural employment in the process of urbanization. - Propose solutions that associate urbanization and jobs creation for farmers in rural areas, contribute to solve harmoniously two goals: improving the lives of local people and implementing successfully the policy about industrialization - modernization of Vinh Phuc province as well as of the country. Core content of this thesis is to research the effects of urbanization on employment, from there that affects the standard of living, the income of the farmer households in the province since the 5 establishment of industrial parks, factories, and enterprises in the area (the relationship between urbanization and employment of farmers). - Provide solutions to the problem of employment in accordance with the specific objects via sustainable direction at localities based on the implementation of rational economic restructuring, development of agricultural production towards adopting advanced science and technology to enhance productivity, quality and simultaneously develop service businesses, to fully exploit the advantages of urbanization process order to remove the basic difficulties, challenges of the process of urbanization that localities will encounter in the future. - The results of this research create the scientific basis with high practical that help managers, policy makers in the province have a thorough perspective on the issues of planning the economic-social development; planning the development of industrial zones, urban areas, employment policy, training policy 6. Structure of the Thesis Besides the introduction, conclusion, appendices and references, thesis structure consists of 4 chapters: Chapter 1. Scientific Basis about the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers. Chapter 2. Research Methodology Chapter 3. The real situation of the impact of urbanization on employment of farmers in Vinh Phuc province. Chapter 4. Opinion, orientation and basic solutions to create jobs for farmers in the process of urbanization in Vinh Phuc province by 2020. 6 Chapter 1 SCIENTIFIC BASIS ABOUT THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FARMERS 1.1. Theoretical basis about urban, urbanization 1.1.1. The concept of urban, urbanization 1.1.1.1. Urban 1.1.1.2. Urbanization 1.1.2. Urbanization and employment issues for farmers 1.1.2.1. Urban and employment 1.1.2.2. Urbanization and employment issues + The positive impact + The negative impact 1.2. Theory about employment 1.2.1. Some basic concepts 1.2.1.1. Employment 1.2.1.2. Farmer 1.2.2. Job Creation 1.2.2.1. The nature of job creation 1.2.2.2. Factors that affect job creation 1.2.3. Sone theoretical models of job creation 1.2.3.1. Create jobs by choosing appropriate technologies, price incentive 1.2.3.2. Job creation by transfering labor between agriculture and industry 1.2.3.3. Job creation associated with the migration among rural - urban areas (Harris Todaro) 7 1.3. Effect of urbanization on employment of farmers 1.3.1. The positive impact + The process of urbanization creates many new job opportunities for farmers + Urbanization increases the chance of changing the job structure of farmers. + Urbanization increases the opportunities for self-employment and job search in the direction of consistency with the capacity and capability of farmers. + Urbanization increases unemployment in some fields, but also open up employment opportunities for some other fields for farmers. 1.3.2. The nagative impact - The population overload - Imbalance in employment opportunity and employment among regions. - Increase the disparity in educational opportunities and training, human resource development among regions. - Reduce the agricultural land that leads to situation that farmers convert land usages and fall into unemployment. 1.4. Factors affecting the employment of farmers in the process of urbanization 1.4.1. Factors belong to the employee + The population size + Quality of labor + Custom, tradition, habit [...]... Ninh Province 1.5.2.2 Experience of Hanoi Capital 1.5.3 Experience Lessons for Vinh Phuc Researching experience in creating jobs for rural workers in urbanization process in some countries, provinces, Vĩnh Phục should note thế following lessons: - Selection of urbanization development must comply with the principle of sustainable 9 - Creating jobs must bases on the basis that ensures the harmonious . experience in creating jobs for rural workers in urbanization process in some countries, provinces, Vĩnh Phục should note thế following lessons: - Selection of urbanization development must comply