ĐỀ CƯƠNG ANH VĂN LỚP 10 – BCB NĂM HỌC: 2010- 2011 PHẦN TỰ LUẬN: TOPIC 1: TENSES 1. Thì hiện tại đơn: TO BE: + S + AM/ IS/ ARE + O. ĐTT: + S + Vs,es / Vo + O. * Cách dùng : a. Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại theo thói quen, phong tục và khả năng: Ex: He usually goes to the cinema on Sundays. The Thai people eat rice. He speaks English very well. Cách dùng này thường kết hợp với các trạng từ chỉ thường xuyên như: Every day / week / month , always, often, usually, seldom = rarely, never, sometimes , occasionally, once a day / a week / a month, twice a day / a week / a month. b. Chân lý hoặc sự kiện đúng một cách hiển nhiên: The earth goes round the sun. 2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + AM/ IS/ ARE + VING + O. * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động đang diển ra ở hiện tại . Ex: What are you doing now? – I am studying English. Father is cutting grass in the garden at present. Cách dùng này thường được kết hợp với các từ dấu hiệu như: now, right now, at present, at the moment… Các động từ gây chú ý như : Look ! Watch ! Listen ! Be careful! Be quiet ! … b. Diễn tả một hành động có tính chất tạm thời, không thường xuyên. Ex: John often gets up at seven o’clock, but this month he is on holiday and so he is getting up later. We usually start work at 8 o’clock, but for this week only we are starting at 8:30. c. Diễn tả một hoạch đònh tương lai.(thường đi với các động từ chỉ sự di động như: go, come, arrive …) Ex: We are going to Hanoi next week. * CÁCH THÊM “ING” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ: Cách 1. love - loving , take – taking, write – writing, hate – hating. Nhưng : free – freeing Cách 2: stop – stopping, run – running. Nhưng : fix – fixing, play – playing greet – greeting, work – working begín – begínning, prefér – preférring Nhưng: súffer – súffering, lísten – lístening travel – traveling , travelling , signal – signaling , signalling Cách 3: die – dying , tie – tying, lie – lying Những động từ sau đây phải thêm một ‘k ’trước khi thêm ING. traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking 3. Thì quá khứ đơn: S + WAS/ WERE + …. S + VED/ V2 + O. Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và chấm dứt ở quá khứ có thời gian xác đònh. Ex: I met her yesterday. We learned Japanese last month. Cách dùng này thường đi với một số từ dấu hiệu như : ago, last, yesterday, in the past, năm hoặc sự kiện xãy ra trong quá khứ… b. Hành động xảy ra suốt một quảng thời gian trong quá khứ: They lived with us for a year several years ago. During the spring vacation, the students went on a camping trip. c. Hành động theo thói quen trong quá khứ: Ex: While her husband was in the army, she wrote to him twice a week. Did he come to see you often? – Yes, he came every week. When I was a boy, I used to go swimming in this river. d. Diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ : 1 Ex: She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows, locked the doors, and walked towards the cinema. (Cách dùng này thường được dùng khi thuật lại các câu chuyện xảy ra trong quá khứ). * CÁCH THÊM “ED” VÀO SAU ĐỘNG TỪ: Cách 1. Thêm –d vào sau các động từ tận cùng bằng e hoặc ee: Ex: live – lived , agree – agreed Cách 2. Những động từ 1 vần, tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm, trước phụ âm là 1 nguyên âm (trừ h, w, x, y), chúng ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm –ed. Ex: fit – fitted, stop – stopped Nhưng: stay – stayed, play – played study – studied, try – tried heat – heated 4. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + WAS / WERE + V-ING + O. Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một điểm thời gian xác đònh trong quá khứ: EX: At 5 o’clock yesterday, he was playing tennis. b. Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và kéo dài (hành động dài) thì có một hành động khác đồng thời xảy ra (có thể là hđ dài hoặc hđ ngắn). HĐ dài chia ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, HĐ ngắn chia ở thì quá khứ đơn. Ex: When John arrived, it was raining heavily. While he was studying his lessons, I was watching TV. 5. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: S + HAS / HAVE + VED/ V3 + O. Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động xãy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác đònh rỏ thời gian : Ex: They have already visited London. I have lost my key. b. Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai. Ex: Up to the present, we have done every exercise in this book. We have lived in this city for ten years. She has loved him since she was a little girl. c. Hành động vừa mới xảy ra. Ex: I have just received a letter from my parents. Các từ sau đây thường kết hợp với thì hiện tại hoàn thành: already, just, ever, recently = lately(vừa mới đây), never, before, It’s the first / second time, since, for, so far, until now = up to now = up to present, since when, how long, serveral times, yet? , not … yet , in the last / past few years, for ages, for a long time. 6. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành: S + HAD + VED/ V3 + O. Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và đã hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ, hoặc trước một hành động khác cũng đã kết thúc trong quá khứ. Ex: Before 2 o’clock yesterday we had had lunch. We had come back home before midnight. We had had lunch before she arrived. We went out for a walk after we had had dinner. 7. Thì tương lai đơn: S + WILL/ SHALL + V0 … Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai, hoặc một hành động sẽ diễn ra và kéo dài trong một quãng thời gian ở tương lai. Ex: Will he be here on time? I shall telephone you tomorrow. Các từ dấu hiệu: next week/ year / month , tomorrow, in future = in the future, in 5 minutes, một số động từ chỉ tương lai: think, hope, promise, believe, sure … EXERCISES 1. Simple tense or present continuous tense 1. Hurry up ! the bus (come ) .I (not want )to miss it 2. Listen ! somebody (sing ) 3. How often (you /read )a newspaper ? 4 The sun always( rise )in the east .Look! it( rise )now 2 5. I (hear) you ,I know what you (say ) 6. The concert (start) at 7.30 this evening 7.Ann ,We go to town ,(you /come )with us ? 8.She (have ) coffee for breakfast every morning 9. I (see) that you( wear )your best clothes 10. She sometimes (buy ) vegetables at this market 2. Present perfect tense or present continuous tense 1 I try to (earn)Enlish for years but I(not succeed )yet 2. Mary(rest)in the garden all day because she (be ) ill 3. She (work ) so hard this week that she (not have time ) to go to the movie 4.that book (lie ) on the table for weeks .You (not read it yet ? 5. He (not be ) here since Christmas .I wonder where he (live ) since then 6.Jack (go to Paris for a holiday .He never(be ) there 6 You (sleep so far ?I ( ring)the bell for the last twenty minutes 8 He(write ) a novel for two years ,but he (not finish ) it yet 10 .I (see) that film several times because I like it 3. Supply the correct verb form : simple past or present perfect 1 We ( study ) a very hard lesson the day befor yesterday 2. I ( read ) that novel by Hemingway several times before 3. We ( study)almost every lesson in this book so far 4. My wife and I ( travel ) to Mexico by air last summer 5. I ( have ) a little trouble with my car last week 6. What you ( do ) yesterday ? 7 . How long you ( learn ) English ? 8.Tom (never be ) in Ha Noi 9. The plane ( stop) at a small town .It then (take ) off immediately after refuelling 10 She (be ) so happy when she (hearn ) the news that she ( cry ) 4. Supply the correct verbs form : simple past or past continuous tense 1. When I (arrive)at her house ,she still ( sleep ) 2.She (water ) the flowers in the garden while her nextdoor neighbor ( chat ) with her over the fence 3.As we ( cross ) the street , we see an accident 4. The bell ( ring ) while Tom ( take ) a bath 5. She (hear)a noise and (get ) out of the bed when the door ( open ) 6. The children( play ) football when their mother ( come )back 7. Who (be /) that man that you (talk /) to? I (see ) him at the gate when I (come ) in 8. We ( wait ) for the bus when he (pass) in his car and (offer) us a lift 9. I ( be) very tired because I ( work ) all day yesterday 10.When the students ( hear ) the bell , they ( get )up and (leave ) 5. Simple past or past perfect ? 1.He ( forget ) what I ( tell ) him .I( remind )him many times but he still ( not bring ) what I want 2. He ( ask ) me whether I ( see ) his pen on the table .I ( tell ) him that I ( not see ) it around 3.If I ( wait ) only a little while longer ,I would have met her 4 . They ( go ) home after they (finish )their homework 5 . when we came to the stadium ,the match ( already begin ) 6. They told me they ( not eat ) that kind of food before 7. After they had gone ,I ( sit ) down and (rest ) 8. After taking a bath , He ( go ) to bed 9. What he ( be ) when he ( be ) young ? 10 . It was the first timeI ( ever see ) such a beautiful girl 3 6. Simple future or Simple present 1. we ‘ll go out when the rain ( stop ) 2. I( stay ) here until he ( answer ) me 3. Wait until I ( catch ) you 4. She ( not come ) until you (/ be ) ready 5. Miss Hellen ( help ) you as soon as she ( finish ) that letter tomorrow 6. After the class ( be ) over ,ask the teacher about that sentence 7. I (come ) and (see ) you before I leave 8. We ( go ) home as soon as we have finished our work 9. I ( wait ) here until you (come ) back tomorrow 10. I ( send ) you some postcards as soon as I ( arrive ) in London 7. Mixed types: 1. Columbus ………………. (discover) America more than 400 years ago. 2. It ……………….(rain) very hard now. 3. The sun ……………….(warm) the air and ……………….(give) us light. 4. They ……………….(come) here a month ago. 5. Look! A man ……………….(run) after the train. 6. We ……………….(go) to the mountains last Sunday. 7. They ……………….(come) here a month ago. 8. Albert Einstein ……………….(die) on 18, 1955. 9. I ……………….(have) lunch with Dong yesterday. 10. They ……………….(come) to see me this morning. 11. She ……………….(go) to school everyday. 12. Bad students never ……………….(work) hard. 13. It often ……………….(rain) in the summer. It ……………….(rain) now. 14. The teacher always ……………….(point) at the black – board when he ……………….(want) to explain something. 15. Mother ……………….(cook) some food in the kitchen at the moment, she always ……………….(cook) in the morning. 16. I always ……………….(meet) him on the corner of this street. 17. Where ………. You ……… (go) now? – I ……………….(go) to the theater. 18. He ……………….(not do) morning exercises regularly. 19. ………… he ……………….(do) morning exercises now? 20. Nam ……………….(buy) several records last week. 21. What ……… you ……………….(do) yesterday? 22. They ……………….(finish) their dinner half an hour ago. 23. Water ……………….(boil) at 100 degrees centigrade. 24. The factory ……………….(begin) operation last year. 25. He …………… (meet) the dentist next week. 26. …………. You …………… (be) a good student? 27. They …… usually …………. (not go) to school by motorbike. 28. He …………… (swim) overthere now. 29. I ……………. (get) a special present on my last birthday. 30. She …………… (come) here next month. 31. They …………… (not see) Mr. Thanh last night. 32. They ……………… (not be) doctors. 33. He often ……………………… (get) up late. 34. ……… you often …………….(watch) TV? 35. Mr. Brown ……………… (listen) to music now? 36. I usually ………………… (go) shopping on weekend. 37. Hai often ……………………(wash) his face at 6.15. 38. she ……………………(play) badminton at the moment? 39. Thanh and Mai always ……………………(see) a movie on Saturday. 40. ………….he often ……………………(take) a bus to school? 41. We ……………………(be) student in class 8A. 42. She ………… often ……………………(not do) homework in the evening. 43. He usually ……………………(take) a taxi to the airport. 4 44. They ………. Usually ……………………(not go) to school by bike. 45. …………. They ……………………(be) beautiful? 46. Manh ……………………(not play) soccer at the moment. 47. Minh ……………………(play) shess with Nam at the moment. 48. They often ……………………(visit) their parents on Saturday. 49. ……….she ……………………(study) now? 50. My and I always ……………………(go) to the countryside. 51. He ……………………(not be) at home now. 52. Hanh ……………………(not read) book at the moment. 53. Our teacher usually ……………………(give) us many exercises. 54. He often ……………………(catch) a train to work. 55. The cat ……………………(catch) mouse. 56. They ……………………(plant) trees overthere at the moment. 57. My old friend, Manh ……………………(write) to me twice a month. 58. What she says ……………………(be) true. 59. Where ………… she ……………………(buy) her breakfast every morning? 60. Bien ………… often ……………………(not phone) to me. TOPIC 2: Wh- questions ( câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh) - Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được cac thông tin về các chủ đề như sau. When ? ( khi nào ?) Time ( thời gian) Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn) Who ? (ai ? ) person ( người) Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do) How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cách thức) What ? ( cái gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý kiến, hanh động) - Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể. Which one ? ( cái nào ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn) Whose ? ( của ai ? ) Possession ( sở hữu) Whom ? ( ai ?) person (người – tân ngữ) How much ? ( bao nhiêu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả, số lượng( danh từ không đếm được) How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được) How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration ( quá trình) How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyên) How far ? ( bao xa ?) Distance ( khoảng cách) What kind of? ( loại nào?) Description (miêu tả) Structures: Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi thường có các cấu trúc sau: 1.Đối với câu có động từ "To be": Ex: I'm interested in Maths. He is looking for Mr David. She was at home. There is a lillte of water in the bottle 2.Đối với câu có động từ khiếm khuyết: 5 WH- + BE + S + ? WH- + ĐTKK(can, could ) + S + ? Ex: I may come back next month She will get there by taxi Minh must go because his mother was ill 3.Đối với câu có động từ thường: Ex: I got married in 2006 She buys some food at a store near her house. Nam and Mai like listening to music My son has three pencils 4. Đối với câu có động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành: Ex: She has been here for an hour They had lived in Can Tho City before 1989 I has gone with my friends to the countryside Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences. 1. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.Where 2. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm.  What time 3. I am reading an English book at the moment.  What 4. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school.  How long 5. She speaks English very fluently. How 6. I have written over twenty novels. How many 7. This street is twenty kilometers long. How long 8. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt.  How much 9. I have been learning English for 5 years. How long 10. She will be married to a rich man.  Who 11. Tom goes to the library twice a week.  How often 12. I went to school late because I missed the bus. Why 13. She is a doctor.  What 14. They were watching a game show. What 15. He like studying Math. What subject 16. The weather is very nice in this country. what 17. She was born in Dam Doi In 1985.  Where and when 18. She wanted to become an English teacher. What 19. They are cutting trees in the forest for wood. For what 20. There are forty-five students in my class.  How many 21. They do their homework at night.  When 22. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. Who 23. The car is across the street from the house. Where 24. She felt better after she took a nap. How 25. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When 26. That is an English book. What 27. She talked to him for an hour.  How long 28. She was eating a sandwich. What 29. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz. What 30. He is going to work right now. Where 31. They do their homework at night. When 32. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. Who 6 WH- + DO/ DOES/ DID + S + Vo ? WH- + HAVE/ HAS/ HAD + S + Ved/V3 ? 33. The car is across the street from the house. Where 34. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. Which 35. She felt better after she took a nap. How 36. That is an English book. What 37. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday When 38. She talked to him for an hour. How long 39. He studies piano at the university. What 40. The party lasted all night. How long 41. The check was for $5.50. How much 42. She was eating a sandwich. What 43. She is working hard. What 44. My parents have two cars. How many 45. They are coming to visit tomorrow. When 46. He is going to work right now. Where 47. The man with the white hat is my brother. Who 48. I don’t get up early because I like to sleep late. Why 49. We have an English class every day. How often 50. They like to dance on weekends. What Exercise 2: Make question for the underlined part of the sentence: 1. She is cleaning the floor  2. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz.  3. I didn’t bring my dictionary today.  4. They are singing popular songs.  5. They do their homework in the morning.  6. My best friend is Nam.  7. We have known each other for 5 years.  8. They are making a big cake.  9. She can sing very well.  10. My father has been to more than twenty countries in the world.  11. She usually goes to school by bike.  12. It takes me an hour to do the homework.  13. Mary will meet her husband tomorrow.  14. A car will be driven here.  15. Twenties books has been sold this month.  16. About 8 people were injured in the accident.  17. She is talking to the president.  18. They will have finished the project by next summer.  19. He should lend her some money.  20. He bought this book in Ha Noi.  21. They are going to visit Ha Long Bay this summer.  22. Teachers usually give students a lot of exercises.  23. He is punished because his laziness.  24. He usually goes to the field at 6:00 every morning.  25. A famous singer will come to the concert.  26. I met Peter at the airport yesterday.  27. The weather in the South of Vietnam is very hot.  28. The first World Cup was held in Uruguay in 1930.  29. Uruguay became the champion in the first World cup.  30. New York City is located in the Southeastern part of New York State.  31. The population of New York is seven million.  32. The area of New York is 946 square kilometer.  33. They have got three children.  34. They were on holiday for three days.  7 35. The game last 90 minutes.  36. This car costs one thousand dollars.  37. This book is twenty VND.  38. This house belongs to me.  39. My car is blue.  40. She is very friendly.  41. My favorite singer is Dan Truong.  42. Her name is Daisy.  43. She is from London.  44. She usually has milk for breakfast.  45. She didn’t come to the party because she was sick.  46. She was punished because she was lazy.  47. We don’t understand the lesson because it was difficult.  48. They will send me a postcard.  49. They were having dinner when he came.  50. She goes to the library three times a week.  Exercise 3: Make questions for the following responses: 1.I like the red one. …………………………………………………………………. 2.He likes watching TV in his free time. ………………………………………………………………… 3.The child admires his mother most. 4.Nam had luch in the restaurant near the office. 5.We met each other in December,this year. 6.They think he is a nice guy. 7.Because the teacher was so sick,we had a lesson off. 8.There are 35 students in the class. 9.It costs 90,000VND. 10.She has been living in Hanoi for four years. TOPIC 3: GERUND AND INFINITIVE I. FUNCTIONS OF GERUND (Chức năng của Gerund): 1. Subject for a verb : (Làm chủ ngữ cho động từ ) . EX: Swimming is good for your health. Smoking is not good for your health. 2. Object for some verbs (Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ) : admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, finish, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, quit, recall, recommend, resent, suggest, hate, love, like, start, begin, forget, remember, stop, regret, continue, acknowledge, endure(chòu đựng, cam chòu), imagine, justify, resist (kháng cự, chống lại), feel like, forgive, risk, tolerate. * Công thức: S + V+ GERUND (V-ING) + O. 8 Ex: I like playing football. She admited stealing a bike. Nam can’t stand living alone. 3. Object for preposition (Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ): tobe interested in: thích, quan tâm tobe fond of: thích tobe bored with: buồn chán tobe fed up with: thích tobe afraid of: sợ tobe surprised at: ngạc nhiên về tobe worried about: lo lắng về… tobe amused at: thích tobe amazed at: kinh ngạc về … tobe famous for: nổi tiếng về… tobe different from: khác với… tobe good/ bad at: giỏi/ tệ về… tobe excited at/ about: thích thú, hào hứng tobe frightened of: sợ hãy tobe keen on: thích tobe pleased with: hài lòng với… tobe relaxed with: thư giản tobe exhausted at: mệt tobe busy with: bận rộn với… tobe absent from: vắng mặt từ… to rely on: trông cậy vào tobe present at: có mặt, hiện diện tobe tired of: mệt mõi tobe terrified of: khiếp sợ, kinh hãi tobe nervous of: hồi hộp, lo lắng tobe successful in: thành công về to be used to: quen với to get used to: quen với to think of/ about: suy nghó về… to give up: từ bỏ to depend on: phụ thuộc vào to insit on: khăng khăng * Công thức: S + cụm giới từ + GERUND + O. EX: I am interested in playing football. They are fond of watching films. Gerund Gerund 4. Object for some phrases and expressions (Làm tân ngữ cho một số cụm từ và thành ngữ): to look forward to, It’s no use, It’s no good, It’s worth, have difficulty + gerund. 5. Một số động từ theo sau có thể dùng Gerund or To Infinitive đều không thay đổi nghóa: begin, start, hate, prefer, continue, like, intend, attempt. Ex: I hate to see you = I hate seeing you. 6. Một số động từ theo sau dùng Gerund nghóa khác dùng To infinitive nghóa khác: stop , remember, forget, regret, try. Sau các động từ " Remember, forget, regret, stop, try" ta có thể dùng danh động từ(Ving) hoặc đt ngun mẫu có "to" nhưng phải dựa vào nghĩa của nó trong câu. 1. Remember, forget, regret: khi đi với "To infinitive" thì chỉ hành động tương lai còn khi đi với "Ving" thì chỉ hành động đã qua. a.REMEMBER + TO V (nhớ thực hiện một nhiệm vụ, bổn phận) (trước) (sau) REMEMBER + V-ing (nhớ đã làm rồi) (sau) (tr ư ớc) Ex: When you see her, (remember) to send her my letter. I remember (put) my hat somewhere in this room. b.FORGET + TO V ( qn thực hiện nhiệm vụ,bổn phận) FORGET + V-ing ( qn điều đã xảy ra) Ex:Sam often forget (lock) the door. I’ll never forget (see) her for the first time. Note: Forget + V-ing thường dùng trong câu hỏi hoặc câu phủ định với các cấu trúc:I’ll never forget, I can’t forget, Have you ever forgotten,Can you ever forget c.REGRET + TO V (lấy làm tiếc để làm gì) REGRET + V-ing (hối tiếc điều đã xảy ra) Ex: I regret (lend) him some money.He never pays me back. I regret (say) that you've failed the exam. 2.STOP + TO V: ngừng lại để làm việc gì STOP + TO V: ngừng hẳn việc đang làm,bỏ làm gì Ex: He stopped (smoke) He stopped (smoke) 3.TRY + TO V (cố gắng làm điều gì → có kết quả tốt) 9 TRY + V-ing (Thử làm điều gì → thử nghiệm) Ex: I will try (help) you. He tried ( garden) but he didn't succeed. II. INFINITIVE WITH TO: 1. Làm chủ ngữ: Eg: To love is to give. To find my house is easy. To save money now is necessary. 2. Bổ ngữ của động từ: Eg: Our duty is to study harder. 3. Làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ.(Theo sau một số động từ quy đònh) afford, agree, appear, attempt, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, decide, demand, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish. 4. Verbs followed by a pro(noun) + an infinitive: advise, allow, ask, arrange, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, encourage, expect, forbid, force, hire, invite, need, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, tell, urge, want, warn, teach, instruct (dạy, hướng dẫn, thông báo), get, would like, would prefer. 5. Dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ: unable, afraid, amused, annoyed(làm bực mình,chọc tức), anxious, astonished(làm ngạc nhiên), certain, delighted, determined(xác đònh), eager, easy, good, glad, grateful, happy, hard, fortunate(may mắn, đem lại vận may), pleased, prepared, ready, safe, surprised, wonderful, worry Eg: I’m glad to see you again. We are unable to solve the problem. 6. Chỉ mục đích: EX: We study hard to pass the exam. We go to school to widen our knowledge. III. INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO: Động từ nguyên mẫu không TO được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: 1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết: can, may,must, will, shall, could, should, might, ought to, would Eg: He can speak 3 languages. 2. Sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như: feel, hear, see, watch, let, percieve = notice(nhận thấy), mark (để ý thấy), observe (chú ý thấy), beheld (trông thấy), hard at (lắng nghe) Eg: I saw him unlock the door. He made me study hard. (câu chủ động) She let the ball fall onto the floor. 3. Sau các động từ như: had better, would rather, have to, used to. Eg: We would rather wait till tomorrow. You had better put your money in the bank. 4. Sau DARE (dám), DAREN’T, NEED (cần) , NEEDN’T Ex: He dare jump off the tree. = He dares to jump off the tree. She need buy two kilos of seasoning powder. = She needs to buy two kilos of seasoning powder. 5. Sau CAN BUT(chỉ có thể), CANNOT BUT (Bắt buộc phải): Ex: I can but do my best = I can only do my best. I cannot but think that you want to deceive me. = I must think that you want to deceive me. 6. Sau các động từ như: make, help, let, bid/bade/ bade (bảo, buộc) với cấu trúc: S + VERB + OBJECT + V0 EX: What makes you laugh? Please help me carry this heavy bag. We let him go. He bade me sit down. 7. Sau AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN: Khi hai Infinitives được nối kết bằng AND, BUT, OR, EXCEPT, THAN thì động từ thứ nhì thường là V0. Ex: I’d like to loke down and go to sleep. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later ? 10 [...]... xác định:(defining relative clause) -Là loại mệnh đề cần thiết, khơng thể bỏ đi vì danh từ trước nó chưa xác định, khơng có nó câu sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green This is the book that I like best b.Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định:(non-defining relative clause): -Là loại mệnh đề khơng cần thiết vì danh từ trước... immediately 4.A: So, what the kitchen like ? B: It’s nice and big but it’s a bit dark, so we (paint)…………………… it yellow 5.A: Your exam results weren’t good, were they ? B: I know, but I’ve decided I (work)……………………… much harder next week TOPIC 7 Because of, In spite of/ Despite 1 Because of Ex: - I can’t go to school yesterday because I am sick  I can’t go to school because of my sickness - Nam missed the... the year / month / week before; the previous year / month / week the year / month / week after; the following year / month / week a year / month / week before; a year / month / week earlier now here today yesterday tomorrow this year / month / week last year / month / week next year / month / week a year / month / week ago c Tense (Thì) + Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì... trước nó đã được xác định, khơng có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa -Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy *Cách nhận biết mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định: dựa vào danh từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ Nếu danh từ đứng trước là danh từ xác định thì mệnh đề sau nó là mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định (và ngược lại).Danh từ xác định là những danh từ riêng , danh từ có các tính từ bổ... salary every month I think that they have sent us the wrong tickets I hope that someone will give Sally the message They didn’t ask me for my address This is the third time they have written to us about this They asked us to be there at eight o’clock The others told the new students where to sit Someone is showing her how to do it TOPIC 10: CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1 Câu điều kiện loại I: K có thật ở hiện tại hoặc... So sánh nhất 0 He is (intelligent) student I have ever met  He is the most intelligent student I have ever met 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Its (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years  Mr Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known  Dick is (careful) of the three workers  Peter is (tall) student in my class  What’s (good) film... If I have free time, I will come to see you 2 Câu điều kiện loại II: K khơng có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai Câu điều kiện loại này dùng để diễn tả một sự kiện khó có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Dù động từ mang hình thức q khứ; nhưng diễn tả điều kiện trái ngược với thực tế trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai) 26 IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Q KHỨ BÀNG THÁI , PRESENT CONDITIONAL If + S + WERE + …... got a seat 4 You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week 5 But for his quickness I (be) killed 6 I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes 7 If he had slipped he (fall) 500 meters 8 If he had asked you, you (accept)? 9 If I (had) a map I would have been all right 10 If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake 11 I (offer) to help him if I had... thuật thông thường như: say, tell, think Ex: Tom said (that) his feet hurt a little She told me (that) she enjoyed your party very much * Danh sách các động từ tường thuật thường gặp: accept, add, admit, advise, agree, answer, apologise, argue, ask, beg, command, comment, complain, conclude (k t luận) , confess (thú nhận), continue, cry, decide, declare (tuyên bố), demand, feel, forbid, forecast (dự báo,... (be)………………………very hot today 2.I (not use)………………………the car this evening, so you canhave it 3.I think it ( rain)………………………The sky is so cloudy 4.We (have)…………………… a party next Saturday Would you like to come? 5.Oh, your luggage is ready now What time you (leave)…………………………….? 6.He has made up his mind He (buy) a new motorbike 7.I'd like to know whether you (do) anything tomorrow morning -No, I'm free Why? . dark, so we (paint)…………………… it yellow. 5.A: Your exam results weren’t good, were they ? B: I know, but I’ve decided I (work)……………………… much harder next week. TOPIC 7. Because of, In spite of/ Despite. . cần thiết, không thể bỏ đi vì danh từ trước nó chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green. This is the book that I like best. . lie – lying Những động từ sau đây phải thêm một k ’trước khi thêm ING. traffic – trafficking, panic – panicking, mimic – mimicking 3. Thì quá khứ đơn: S + WAS/ WERE + …. S + VED/ V2 + O. Cách