1 YEAR UPGRADE BUYER PROTECTION PLAN Designing a Jeffrey Wheat Randy Hiser Jackie Tucker Alicia Neely Andy McCullough Technical Editor Wireless Network Understand How Wireless Communication Works • Step-by-Step Instructions for Designing a Wireless Project from Inception to Completion • Everything You Need to Know about Bluetooth, LMDS,802.11,and Other Popular Standards • Complete Coverage of Fixed Wireless,Mobile Wireless, and Optical Wireless Technology solutions@syngress.com With more than 1,500,000 copies of our MCSE, MCSD, CompTIA, and Cisco study guides in print, we continue to look for ways we can better serve the information needs of our readers. One way we do that is by listening. Readers like yourself have been telling us they want an Internet-based ser- vice that would extend and enhance the value of our books. Based on reader feedback and our own strategic plan, we have created a Web site that we hope will exceed your expectations. Solutions@syngress.com is an interactive treasure trove of useful infor- mation focusing on our book topics and related technologies. The site offers the following features: ■ One-year warranty against content obsolescence due to vendor product upgrades. You can access online updates for any affected chapters. ■ “Ask the Author”™ customer query forms that enable you to post questions to our authors and editors. ■ Exclusive monthly mailings in which our experts provide answers to reader queries and clear explanations of complex material. ■ Regularly updated links to sites specially selected by our editors for readers desiring additional reliable information on key topics. Best of all, the book you’re now holding is your key to this amazing site. Just go to www.syngress.com/solutions, and keep this book handy when you register to verify your purchase. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to serve your needs. And be sure to let us know if there’s anything else we can do to help you get the maximum value from your investment. We’re listening. www.syngress.com/solutions 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page i 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page ii Designing a Wireless Network Jeffrey Wheat Randy Hiser Jackie Tucker Alicia Neely Andy McCullough Technical Editor 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page iii Syngress Publishing, Inc., the author(s), and any person or firm involved in the writing, editing, or production (collectively “Makers”) of this book (“the Work”) do not guarantee or warrant the results to be obtained from the Work. There is no guarantee of any kind, expressed or implied, regarding the Work or its contents.The Work is sold AS IS and WITHOUT WARRANTY.You may have other legal rights, which vary from state to state. 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KEY SERIAL NUMBER 001 PL94T945T5 002 AKLRT4JKN6 003 VM55R3N54N 004 S6TF4B39UN 005 8ZSC7U6N7H 006 NFG4BYQ2M4 007 44DVHT746T 008 N5FL9565MR 009 83N5MYFW4S 010 GT6YHM7F3C PUBLISHED BY Syngress Publishing, Inc. 800 Hingham Street Rockland, MA 02370 Designing a Wireless Network Copyright © 2001 by Syngress Publishing, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or dis- tributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher, with the exception that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they may not be reproduced for publication. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ISBN: 1-928994-45-8 Technical Editor:Andy McCullough Freelance Editorial Manager: Maribeth Corona-Evans Technical Reviewer: Rick Murphy Cover Designer: Michael Kavish Co-Publisher: Richard Kristof Page Layout and Art by: Shannon Tozier Acquisitions Editor: Catherine B. Nolan Copy Editor:Adrienne Rebello Developmental Editor: Kate Glennon Indexer: John Hulse Distributed by Publishers Group West in the United States and Jaguar Book Group in Canada. 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page iv v Acknowledgments v We would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness and support in making this book possible. Richard Kristof and Duncan Anderson of Global Knowledge, for their generous access to the IT industry’s best courses, instructors, and training facilities. Ralph Troupe, Rhonda St. John, and the team at Callisma for their invaluable insight into the challenges of designing, deploying, and supporting world-class enterprise networks. Karen Cross, Lance Tilford, Meaghan Cunningham, Kim Wylie, Harry Kirchner, Kevin Votel, Kent Anderson, and Frida Yara of Publishers Group West for sharing their incredible marketing experience and expertise. Mary Ging, Caroline Hird, Simon Beale, Caroline Wheeler,Victoria Fuller, Jonathan Bunkell, and Klaus Beran of Harcourt International for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope. Anneke Baeten, Annabel Dent, and Laurie Giles of Harcourt Australia for all their help. David Buckland,Wendi Wong, Daniel Loh, Marie Chieng, Lucy Chong, Leslie Lim, Audrey Gan, and Joseph Chan of Transquest Publishers for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books. Kwon Sung June at Acorn Publishing for his support. Ethan Atkin at Cranbury International for his help in expanding the Syngress program. Joe Pisco, Helen Moyer, Paul Zanoli,Alan Steele, and the great folks at InterCity Press for all their help. Philip Allen at Brewer & Lord LLC for all his work and generosity. 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page v This book is written for all those who have considered the possibilities of lever- aging wireless technologies and have labored to challenge the existing way we interact in our day-to-day activities in order to promote a greater quality of life. For we know that there is a balance between what can be accomplished techni- cally and that which should be. We would like to thank Syngress Publishing for the opportunity to bring our ideas and visions to print. Catherine Nolan and others at Syngress Publishing were key to our success.We would also like to thank our families for putting up with the many long hours and late nights spent writing this book. Lastly, we would like to thank Lucent Technologies for putting us in the position to write this book. Acknowledgements from the Contributors 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page vi vii Contributors Anthony Bruno (CCIE #2738, CCDP, CCNA-WAN, MCSE, NNCSS, CNX-Ethernet) is a Principal Consultant with Lucent Worldwide Services.As a consultant, he has worked with many cus- tomers in the design, implementation, and optimization of large-scale, multi-protocol networks.Anthony has worked on the design of wire- less networks,Voice over technologies, and Internet access. Formerly, he worked as an Air Force Captain in network operations and manage- ment where he implemented wireless LANs on the base network. Anthony completed his master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla in 1994 and his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez in 1990. He is the co-author of CCDA Exam Certification Guide and has per- formed technical reviews for several Cisco professional books. Jeffrey A. Wheat (Lucent WaveLAN Wireless Certification, FORE ATM Certification) is a Principal Member of the Consulting Staff at Lucent Worldwide Services. He currently provides strategic direction and architectural design to Lucent Service Provider and Large Enterprise customers. His specialties include convergence and wireless architectures, and he is an ATM and Testing Methodology Subject Matter Expert within Lucent. Jeff ’s background with Lucent includes design engagements with Metricom, Sprint ION, Sprint PCS, Raytheon, and Marathon Oil. Prior to Lucent, he spent 11 years working for the U.S. Intelligence Agencies as a Network Architect and Systems Engineer. Jeff graduated from the University of Kansas in 1986 with a B.S. in Computer Science and currently resides in Kansas City with his wife Gabrielle and their two children, Madison and Brandon. 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page vii viii Dustin Coffel is a Network Systems Consultant with Lucent Technologies Enhanced Services and Sales. He provides network con- sulting and technical support for Lucent products to any Lucent cus- tomers in the central region of the United States. Dustin holds a bachelor’s degree from Kansas State University in Electrical Engineering with an emphasis in Wireless Communication Systems. He resides in the Kansas City area with his family. Randy Hiser is a Senior Network Engineer for Sprint’s Research, Architecture & Design Group, with design responsibilities for home distribution and DSL self-installation services for Sprint’s Integrated On Demand Network. He is knowledgeable in the areas of multimedia services and emerging technologies, has installed and operated fixed wireless MMDS facilities in the Middle East, and has patented network communication device identification in a communications network for Sprint. Randy lives with his wife Deborah and their children, Erin, Ryan, Megan, Jesse, and Emily in Overland Park, KS. Christian Barnes (CCNA, CCDA, MCSE, CNA, A+) is a Network Consultant for Lucent Technologies in Overland Park, KS. His career in the IT industry began with supporting NT and Netware servers and NT workstations for a large banking company in Western New York. It quickly evolved into support of high-level engineers and LAN and WAN administrators as they attempted to troubleshoot and design their networks, and then on to consulting. Chris has a wife and four sons. Alicia Neely (CCNA, CCDA) is currently a Consultant with Lucent Enhanced Services and Sales. Her experience includes optical net- working and internetworking.Alicia graduated from the University of Kansas with a B.S. and is pursuing an MBA. Donald Lloyd (CCSA, CCSE, CCNA) is a Distinguished Member of Lucent Worldwide Services’ Consulting Staff. His specialties include Juniper and Cisco routers, network design assessments, network security 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page viii ix architecture, wireless network design, and network optimization. Donald’s background includes several start-up ventures, a successful career with International Network Services, and now Lucent Technologies. Donald has developed and taught classes on wireless technologies,TCP/IP, BGP Routing, Multicast Networking, Implementing Juniper Routers in a Cisco-based Network, and Implementing DNS in a Enterprise or Global network. His areas of expertise include large-scale DNS architecture and design, IP Network design, IP routing using BGP, IS-IS, or OSPF, and network security assessments. He lives in Tulsa, OK. Chuck Fite is a Consultant currently working for Iconixx Systems Engineering on Sprint ION. He has been a technical writer, a test technician, and a business analyst in the computer and telecommunica- tions industries for the past eight years. Chuck received a B.S. in Physics and an M.A. in Rhetoric and Professional Communication from Iowa State University. Jackie Tucker is a Kansas-based Technical Consultant with over 14 years experience in technical writing, interface design, and Web devel- opment. She has participated in all phases of software design at several software companies, including a long tenure at Informix Software, Inc., worked extensively on Sprint ION, and is currently consulting in the network division of Sprint Corporation. She graduated with honors from St. Mary College with a B.S. in Computer Science and from Baker University with a M.S. in Management. After work, Jackie spends as much time as possible with her husband Bob, and her two little girls, Sarah and Jessie, in a sports-filled household. Michael Snodgrass serves as Distinguished Member of Consulting Staff with Lucent Technologies Worldwide Services and provides strategic and technical consulting associated with a wide variety of networking disciplines. As a Senior Network Systems Consultant, he provides services across the entire realm of network engineering, 152_wan_FM 6/22/01 4:18 PM Page ix [...]... Using Power Management Options Multicell Roaming Security in the WLAN M S S M S S P Master Slave Parked SB M S P 10 m 10 5 10 6 11 0 11 1 11 3 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 7 11 9 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 3 Standby S 12 5 12 8 13 0 13 1 13 2 13 3 13 3 13 5 13 5 13 8 13 8 13 9 14 0 14 0 14 0 14 1 15 2_wan_toc 6/22/ 01 4:54 PM Page xvii Contents Developing WPANs through the 802 .15 Architecture Bluetooth HomeRF High Performance Radio LAN Mobile Wireless Technologies... Baselining the Existing Network Analyzing the Competitive Practices Beginning the Operations Planning Performing a Gap Analysis Creating a Technology Plan 14 3 14 4 14 7 14 7 14 8 15 0 15 0 15 0 15 1 15 1 15 3 15 5 15 5 15 6 15 7 15 9 16 3 16 5 16 6 16 6 16 7 16 8 16 9 16 9 17 0 17 1 17 2 17 3 17 3 17 5 17 6 17 6 17 6 17 7 xvii 15 2_wan_toc xviii 6/22/ 01 4:54 PM Page xviii Contents Creating an Integration Plan Beginning the Collocation... Plan Developing a Maintenance Plan Developing an Implementation Plan Creating the Detailed Design Documents Understanding Wireless Network Attributes from a Design Perspective Application Support Subscriber Relationships 17 8 17 8 17 9 17 9 18 0 18 0 18 1 18 1 18 2 18 2 18 3 18 3 18 4 18 4 18 5 18 6 18 6 18 6 18 7 18 8 18 8 18 9 19 0 19 0 19 1 19 2 19 2 19 2 19 3 19 4 19 6 15 2_wan_toc 6/22/ 01 4:54 PM Page xix Contents Physical Landscape... Need for a Wireless LAN Standard? What Exactly Does the 802 .11 Standard Define? Does the 802 .11 Standard Guarantee Compatibility across Different Vendors? 802 .11 b 802 .1 1a 802 .11 e Developing WLANs through the 802 .11 Architecture The Basic Service Set The Extended Service Set Services to the 802 .11 Architecture The CSMA-CA Mechanism The RTS/CTS Mechanism Acknowledging the Data Configuring Fragmentation... Introduction 210 Applying Wireless in an Enterprise Network 210 Introducing the Enterprise Case Study 211 Assessing the Opportunity 211 Evaluating Network Requirements 213 Assessing the Satellite Buildings’ Physical Landscape 214 Evaluating the Outside Physical Landscape 214 Evaluating the Current Network 216 Evaluating the Hospital Conference Room Networking Landscape 216 Designing a Wireless Solution 217 Project... Creating an Action Plan Creating the Network Architecture Deliverable Formalizing the Detailed Design Phase Reviewing and Validating the Network Architecture Creating the Detailed Topology Creating a Detailed Service Collocation Design Creating the Detailed Services Creating a Detailed Physical Design Creating a Detailed Operations Design Creating a Detailed Operating Model Design Creating a Training... Strong Radio Signal Understanding Signal Power and Signal-to-Noise Ratio Attenuation Rain Attenuation Bouncing Refracting Line of Sight Penetration Understanding the Wireless Elements Generic Radio Components Antennas Omnidirectional Antennas Directional Antennas Base Stations and Mobile Stations Access Points Channelizing the Frequency Spectrum Channelizing Channel Bandwidth Channel Spacing and Buffer... induction but also had created the world’s first electric generator Faraday’s initial findings still serve as the basis of modern electromagnetic technology Around the same time that Faraday worked with electromagnetism, an American professor named Joseph Henry became the first person to transmit a practical electrical signal As a watchmaker, he constructed batteries and experimented with magnets Henry was the... era in radio, the wireless transmission of electromagnetic waves An Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi was particularly intrigued by Hertz’s published results Marconi was able to send wireless messages over a distance of ten miles with his patented radio equipment, and eventually across the English Channel In late 19 01, Marconi and his assistants built a wireless receiver in Newfoundland and intercepted... Understanding the Host-to-Host Layer User Datagram Protocol Transmission Control Protocol Managing the Application Layer Monitoring Tools: SNMP 73 74 74 75 75 77 78 78 79 80 81 81 82 85 86 87 88 88 89 91 93 95 10 1 10 1 10 2 10 2 10 5 10 5 66 68 69 71 xv 15 2_wan_toc 6/22/ 01 xvi 4:54 PM Page xvi Contents Assigning Addresses with DHCP Conserving with Network Address Translation Summary Solution Fast Track Frequently . for a Wireless LAN Standard? 12 3 What Exactly Does the 802 .11 Standard Define? 12 5 Does the 802 .11 Standard Guarantee Compatibility across Different Vendors? 12 8 802 .11 b 13 0 802 .1 1a 13 1 802 .11 e. Network Address Translation 10 6 Summary 11 0 Solution Fast Track 11 1 Frequently Asked Questions 11 3 Chapter 4 Identifying Evolving Wireless Technologies and Standards 11 5 Introduction 11 6 Fixed Wireless. Buildings’ Physical Landscape 214 Evaluating the Outside Physical Landscape 214 Evaluating the Current Network 216 Evaluating the Hospital Conference Room Networking Landscape 216 Designing a Wireless