SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES 2nd edition By the same author Navigation for Masters ISBN 185609 147 3 Marine Survival and Rescue Systems ISBN 185609 1279 An Introduction to Helicopter Operations at Sea ISBN 185609 1686 Cargo Work (Kemp & Young) Revised ISBN 07506 3988 1 Seamanship Techniques (The Command Companion) Vol. III ISBN 07506 4443 5 Anchor Practice: A Guide for Industry ISBN 185609 2127 SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES SECOND EDITION PART ONE: SHIPBOARD PRACTICE PART TWO: SHIP HANDLING D. J. HOUSE Oxford Auckland Boston Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published as two volumes 1987 Volume 1 first published as paperback 1989 Volume 2 first published as paperback 1990 Single volume edition 1994 Reprinted 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 (twice) Second edition 2001 © D. J. House 1987, 1994, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Application for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers ISBN 0 7506 5231 4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data House, D.J. Seamanship techniques. – 2nd ed. 1. Seamanship I. Title II. Shipboard practice III. Ship handling 623.8’8 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress www.bh.com/engineering Typeset in Replika Press Pvt Ltd. 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040 Printed and bound by Replika Press Pvt Ltd. 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040 ABS American Bureau of Shipping A.C. Alternating Current AHV Anchor handling vessel AIS Automatic Identification System AMVER Automated Mutual Vessel Rescue system ARCs Admiralty Raster Charts ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid AUSREP Australian Ship Reporting system B.S. Breaking Strain BV Bureau Veritas CABA Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus CES Coast Earth Station CG Coast Guard CMS Constantly Manned Station CO 2 Carbon Dioxide C of B (B) Centre of Buoyancy C of G (G) Centre of Gravity CPA Closest Point of Approach CPP Controllable Pitch Propeller CQR Chatham Quick Release CRS Coast Radio Station CS Coast Station DC Direct Current DGPS Differential Global Positioning System DNV Det Norske Veritas DRHQ Divisional Rescue Head Quarters DSC (i) Dynamically Supported Craft (hydrofoils) DSC (ii) Digital Selective Calling DWT (DW) Deadweight ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System EFSWR Extra Flexible Steel Wire Rope ENC Electronic Navigation Chart EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon ETA Estimated Time of Arrival FRC Fast Rescue Craft FSM Free Surface Movement FSWR Flexible Steel Wire Rope FWA Fresh Water Allowance GHz gigahertz GM Metacentric Height GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMT Greenwich Mean Time GPS Global Positioning System GT (g.t.) Gross Tons GZ Righting Lever HF High Frequency HLO Helicopter Landing officer HMS Her Majesty’s Ship HMSO Her Majesty’s Stationery Office HRU Hydrostatic Release Unit HSC High Speed Craft (code) IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual ICAO International Civil Aviation Authority ABBREVIATIONS (Marine abbreviations used in this text and within the marine industry) ICS International Chamber of Shipping IHO International Hydrographic Office IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code IMO International Maritime Organisation ISM International Safety Management ITU International Telecommunications Union KB Measured distance between the keel and the ships centre of buoyancy KG Measured distance between the keel and the ships centre of gravity kg kilogram kHz kilohertz kJ kilo Joule KM Measured distance between the keel and the ships metacentre kN kilo Newton kW kilowatt lbs pounds LBP length between perpendiculars LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy LFL Lower Flammable Limit LNG Liquid Natural Gas LOA length over all LR Lloyds Register LUT Land User Terminal MA Mechanical Advantage MAIB Marine Accident Investigation Branch MARPOL Maritime Pollution Convention mbs millibars MCA Maritime and Coastguard Agency MEC Marine Evacuation Chute MES Marine Evacuation System MGN Marine Guidance Notice MHz megahertz MIN Marine Information Notice MN Mercantile Marine MNTB Merchant Navy Training Board MoB Man overboard MPCU Marine Pollution Control Unit MRCC Marine Rescue Co-ordination Centre MSI Marine Safety Information MSN Merchant Shipping Notice (previous ‘M’ notice) NUC Not Under Command NVE Night Vision Equipment OiC Officer in Charge OOW Officer of the Watch OSC On Scene Co-ordinator P/A Public Address System RN Royal Navy RNR Royal Naval Reserve RoPax Roll on/Roll off + Passengers RoT Rate of Turn Ro-Ro Roll on, Roll off rpm Revolutions per minute R/T Radio Telephone Rx Receive SAR Search and Rescue SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite SART Search and Rescue Radar Transponder SES Ship Earth Station SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea (convention) SOPEP Ships Oil Pollution Emergency Plan SPM Single Point Mooring STCW Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (convention) SWL Safe Working Load SWR Steel Wire Rope T.D. Tonnage Deck TMC Transmitting Magnetic Compass TRS Tropical Revolving Storm UFL Upper Flammable Limit UHF Ultra High Frequency U.K. United Kingdom UKC Under Keel Clearance ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier U.S. United States USCG United States Coast Guard VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity VDR Voyage Data Recorder VDU Visual Display Unit VHF Very High Frequency VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier VTMS Vessel Traffic Management System VTS Vessel Traffic System W/L Waterline WNA Winter North Atlantic Wps wires per strand W/T Wireless Telegraphy vi Abbreviations PART ONE SHIPBOARD PRACTICE CONTENTS TO PART ONE Abbreviations v Preface xiii Acknowledgments xiv List of plates xv List of tables xvii 1. THE SHIP Introduction 1 Terms and definitions 1 Terms and definitions concerning stability 5 Varieties of ship 6 Plate and construction terms 6 Main structural members – compensating stress factors affecting vessel 19 Stresses in ship structures 20 Loadlines 22 2. ANCHOR WORK Anchors 25 Tests on anchors 27 Marks on anchors 29 Anchor certificate 29 Chain cable tests 29 Notes on cable 30 Kenter lugless joining shackle 30 ‘D’ lugged joining shackle 32 Securing and stowage of anchors 33 Securing anchor and cable 33 Steam windlass operation 34 Preparing anchor for ‘letting go’ 34 Cable holders 35 Procedure for coming to anchor 36 Clearing away anchors 40 Anchor terminology 41 Watch at anchor 46 Deep water anchoring 49 Laying/carrying out anchors 49 Clearing a foul hawse 50 To weigh anchor by deck tackle 52 Anchor recovery – loss of windlass power 52 Hanging off an anchor 53 Lost anchor and re-securing of spare anchor 55 Mooring anchors 57 3. ROPEWORK Natural fibre ropes 59 Lay of rope 62 Small stuff 63 Synthetic fibre ropes 65 Bends and hitches 67 Working aloft and overside 71 Seizings 73 Ropework and cordage tools 74 Worming, parcelling and serving 75 Cordage splice 76 Whippings 77 Marrying two ropes together 78 To pass a stopper 79 Breaking out mooring rope 81 4. WIREWORK AND RIGGING Steel wire rope 82 Steel wire rope rigging 86 Rigging fitments 91 Wire splicing 93 Stowage of wire hawsers 96 Safe handling procedures for wire rope 96 Mousing a hook or shackle pin 97 Blocks – care and maintenance 98 Blocks and tackles 100 5. LIFTING GEAR Derricks 106 Union purchase 110 Safe handling practice for derricks 112 Doubling-up procedure 113 Butterfly rig 113 Yo-Yo rig 114 Hallen universal derrick 115 Hallen container derrick 116 x Contents to Part One [...]... Saloon Scullery Main entrance hall Bank 2 2 2 2 Cafeteria Engine casing Bar Dance floor Linen Hall Pantry Shop store Store Office Scullery Office Shopping centre Shopping arcade Information Gents Luggage P&S Gents Ladies 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 22 2 Deck 7 Handicapped cabin P&S Store Lashing... vessel 14 Seamanship Techniques 45 47 43 1 41 3750 307 26 44 2 25 48 3 56 55 15 18 21 49 54 53 24 27 29 31 34 37 40 43 45 48 51 54 31 17 42 36 37 33 16 35 38 32 30 34 46 39 44 50 40 F 3 58 41 24 4 29 28 27 1 2 25 51 23 3 22 8 1 13 5 19 2 21 F 26 52 14 20 18 6 7 9 10 11 16 12 15 Figure 1 .20 Engine-room layout and disposition of equipment on 13 ,23 0 DW container ship Nathalie Delmas 17 The Ship 15 62 63... formula 6 7 8 11 7 11 8 12 1 12 4 12 5 12 5 12 7 12 7 12 7 CARGO AND HATCHWORK Conventional hatch Conventional hold Steel hatch cover General cargo terminology Duties of junior cargo officer Hold preparation Stowage methods Cargo handling Ventilation Refrigerated cargoes Carriage of goods in deep tanks Container tonnage Roll on–roll off system Cargo plans 1 42 14 5 14 6 1 52 15 3 15 4 15 5 15 6 15 8 15 8 16 0 1 62 1 62 16 4 BOATWORK... lifeboat Boat handling and safe procedures Markings on sails Sail theory Sail terminology 16 8 17 1 1 72 18 0 18 6 18 8 19 1 19 6 19 7 19 8 20 0 20 1 20 1 20 3 SURVIVAL CRAFT AND PRACTICE Survival systems international The Inflatable life raft Launching inflatable life raft Boarding raft Rigid life rafts 20 4 20 4 21 1 21 2 21 2 xi xii Contents to Part One The davit launched life raft Additional fitments to raft Abandoning... arms 24 5 24 9 25 0 25 0 25 5 25 6 25 6 25 7 26 0 26 2 26 2 APPENDIX: Seaman’s self-examiner Efficient deck hand examination Certificate of Proficiency in Survival Craft and Rescue Boats 26 4 26 4 26 6 xvi Plates to Part One 32 33 34 35 36 Rack stowage of inflatable life rafts Davit launched life raft Inflatable life raft Training with helicopter strop Semi-rigid inflatable 21 0 21 4 21 9 23 5 24 0 2 Seamanship Techniques. .. tanks No 2 double bottom tanks No 1 double bottom tanks No 2 cargo tank Ballast tank Forepeak Store Chain locker No 1 cargo tank No 1 upper ’tween deck No 2 fo’c’sle ’tween deck No 1 fo’c’sle ’tween deck Port bilge system Double bottom system Starboard bilge system Engine room Figure 1. 10 Typical hold bilge pumping system 8 Seamanship Techniques Baby care room 2 Ladies 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 Cafeteria... Figure 1. 16 Lok Priti (bulk carrier) Length, oa 1 72. 02 m Length, bp 1 62. 40 m Breadth, moulded 22 .80 m Depth, moulded 14 .70 m Draught, moulded 10 .88 m Gross register 15 638 grt Net register 10 5 02 nrt Deadweight, total at 10 .67 m draught 26 000 dwt Deadweight, total at 10 .88 m draught 27 000 dwt Capacities: Holds, including wing tanks and hatches 35 0 91 m3... 11 330 m3 Heavy fuel 15 30 m3 Diesel fuel 94 m3 Lube oil 13 5 m3 Fresh water 20 8 m3 Main engine GRSE-MAN-B&W K6Z78 .15 5E Output, mcr (7833 kW) 10 500 bhp at 12 2 rev/min Trial speed, 87.5% mcr (9 18 8 bhp) at loaded draught 15 .00 knots Endurance 12 000 nautical miles COMPLEMENT 14 officers 2 cadets 8 petty officers 1 pilot 36 crewmen 1. .. engine oil cooler 11 Freshwater/high temperature/main engine cooler 12 Freshwater/low temperature/main engine cooler 13 Bilge and ballast pumps 14 Ballast pump 15 Boiler feed pumps 16 Seawater filter 17 Starboard water intake 18 Evaporator ejector pump 19 Tunnel access 20 Seawater general service pump 21 Main engine oil filters 22 Main engine oil emergency pump 23 Main engine pre-lube pump 24 Reduction... davit launched life raft Additional fitments to raft Abandoning ship Marine evacuation system Evacuation-slide launching and embarkation Righting capsized life raft Beaching a life raft 9 21 4 22 1 22 2 22 5 22 5 22 7 22 7 COMMUNICATIONS Methods employed in marine industry Flag signalling terms Single letter meanings – International Code of Signals Signalling by International Code flags Important two-letter . conference Linen 22 222 222 222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 22 222 222 2 2 222 STR Store 9The Ship Figure 1. 13 Profile and. No .1 Lift No. 4 Lift No .2 Lift No.3 STR Engine casing STR Bar STR Lift No. 5 Ramp Car deck vent Store Car deck vent Store Lift No. 6 Cafeteria & conference Linen 22 222 222 222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 22 222 222 2 2 222 STR Store 9The. tackles 10 0 5. LIFTING GEAR Derricks 10 6 Union purchase 11 0 Safe handling practice for derricks 1 12 Doubling-up procedure 11 3 Butterfly rig 11 3 Yo-Yo rig 11 4 Hallen universal derrick 11 5 Hallen