The Word Application [ 372 ] m_psEdit = min(m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); RectSet repaintSet; DeleteText(repaintSet, pDC, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); break; } UpdateParagraphAndPageArray(); } The method CharDown is called every time the user presses a regular character. If the character is not printable, nothing happens. Otherwise, if the text is marked, that text is rst removed. Thereafter, the character is added to the current paragraph, the paragraph array is updated, and the next font is set to null. void CWordDoc::CharDown(UINT uChar, CDC* pDC) { if (isprint(uChar)) { RectSet repaintSet; if (m_eWordState == WS_MARK) { DeleteText(repaintSet, pDC, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); m_eWordState = WS_EDIT; m_psEdit = min(m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); } Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [m_psEdit.Paragraph()]; pParagraph->AddChar(m_psEdit.Character(), uChar, m_pNextFont, m_eKeyboardState); pParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet); ++m_psEdit.Character(); delete m_pNextFont;delete m_pNextFont; m_pNextFont = NULL; SetModifiedFlag();SetModifiedFlag(); UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); UpdateParagraphAndPageArray(); MakeVisible(); UpdateCaret(); } } Chapter 9 [ 373 ] When the user clicks with the mouse, we rst have to decide which paragraph they hit. The method PointToParagraph traverses the paragraph array to nd the correct paragraph. If the user clicks beyond the last paragraph, the last one is returned. Likewise, if the user clicks at the end of a page, beyond the last paragraph of the page, the last paragraph of that page is returned. int CWordDoc::PointToParagraph(const CPoint& ptMouse) const { int iParagraphs = (int) m_paragraphArray.GetSize(); for (int iParagraph = 0; iParagraph < iParagraphs; ++iParagraph) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; if (ptMouse.y < pParagraph->GetStartPos()) { return iParagraph - 1; } } return iParagraphs - 1; } The method PointToChar returns the position of the clicked paragraph and character index by calling PointToParagraph. Position CWordDoc::PointToChar(const CPoint& ptMouse) const { int iParagraph = PointToParagraph(ptMouse); Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; int iChar = pParagraph->PointToChar(ptMouse); return Position(iParagraph, iChar); } When the user presses the left button of the mouse, MouseDown is called. First, we have to unmark any marked portion of the text. Then we set the application to the mark state. void CWordDoc::MouseDown(const CPoint& ptMouse) { if (m_eWordState == WS_MARK) { m_eWordState = WS_EDIT; m_psEdit = m_psFirstMark; RectSet repaintSet; GetRepaintSet(repaintSet, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); } m_eWordState = WS_MARK; m_psFirstMark = PointToChar(ptMouse); m_psLastMark = m_psFirstMark; The Word Application [ 374 ] delete m_pNextFont;delete m_pNextFont; m_pNextFont = NULL; MakeVisible();MakeVisible(); UpdateCaret(); } When the user moves the mouse with the left button pressed, MouseDrag is called. We nd the position of the mouse and if it differs from the last one, we update the marked area. void CWordDoc::MouseDrag(const CPoint& ptMouse) { Position psNewLastMark = PointToChar(ptMouse); if (m_psLastMark != psNewLastMark) { RectSet unmarkRepaintSet; GetRepaintSet(unmarkRepaintSet, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); m_psLastMark = psNewLastMark; RectSet markRepaintSet; GetRepaintSet(markRepaintSet, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); RectSet resultRepaintSet = RectSet::SymmetricDifference(unmarkRepaintSet, markRepaintSet); UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &resultRepaintSet); MakeVisible(); } } When the user releases the left button of the mouse, we just have to check the last position. If it is the same as the rst one (the user presses and releases the mouse button on the same character), we change m_eWordState to the edit state. void CWordDoc::MouseUp() { if (m_psFirstMark == m_psLastMark) { m_eWordState = WS_EDIT; m_psEdit = m_psLastMark; } else { m_eWordState = WS_MARK; } MakeVisible(); UpdateCaret(); } Chapter 9 [ 375 ] When the user double-clicks the mouse, the word hit by the mouse is marked. We know the application is in the edit state and the correct character is noted because a double-click is always preceded by calls to MouseDown and MouseUp. If the mouse is on a word, we mark it and update its client area. void CWordDoc::DoubleClick() { RectSet repaintSet; Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [m_psEdit.Paragraph()]; int iFirstChar, iLastChar; if (pParagraph->GetWord(m_psEdit.Character(), iFirstChar, iLastChar)) { m_eWordState = WS_MARK; m_psFirstMark.Paragraph() = m_psEdit.Paragraph(); m_psFirstMark.Character() = iFirstChar; m_psLastMark.Paragraph() = m_psEdit.Paragraph(); m_psLastMark.Character() = iLastChar; RectSet repaintSet; GetRepaintSet(repaintSet, m_psFirstMark, m_psLastMark); UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); MakeVisible(); } UpdateCaret(); } The method MakeVisible makes sure the caret (in the edit state) or the last marked position (in the mark state) is visible in the view window by calling MakeVisible. void CWordDoc::MakeVisible() { switch (m_eWordState) { case WS_EDIT: { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [m_psEdit.Paragraph()]; CRect rcChar=pParagraph->CharToRect (m_psEdit.Character()); m_pView->MakeVisible(rcChar); } break; case WS_MARK: The Word Application [ 376 ] Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [m_psLastMark.Paragraph()]; CRect rcChar = pParagraph->CharToRect (m_psLastMark.Character()); m_pView->MakeVisible(rcChar); break; } } The method UpdateCaret updates the visibility and position of the caret. In the edit state, we extract the caret block from the current paragraph. If the keyboard is in the insert state, the caret is set to a vertical bar with the size of one logical unit. It is later set to the width of at least one pixel by OnUpdate in the view class. In the mark state, we just hide the caret. void CWordDoc::UpdateCaret() { switch (m_eWordState) { case WS_EDIT: { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [m_psEdit.Paragraph()]; CRect rcCaret = pParagraph->GetCaretRect (m_psEdit.Character()); m_pView->MakeVisible(rcCaret); if (m_eKeyboardState == KM_INSERT) { rcCaret.right = rcCaret.left + 1; } if (rcCaret.right >= PAGE_WIDTH) { rcCaret.left -= (rcCaret.right - PAGE_WIDTH); rcCaret.right = PAGE_WIDTH; } m_pView->MakeVisible(rcCaret); m_caret.SetAndShowCaret(rcCaret); } break; case WS_MARK: m_caret.HideCaret(); } } Chapter 9 [ 377 ] When a portion of the area becomes marked or unmarked, we need the areas of the characters in question in order to repaint them. The method GetRepaintSet collects the rectangles needed to be repainted. Remember that psFirst andand psLast refers to the chronological order they were set, not necessarily their order in the document. Instead, psMin and psMax refer to their positions in the document. void CWordDoc::GetRepaintSet(RectSet& repaintSet, Position psFirst, Position psLast)Position psLast) { Position psMin = min(psFirst, psLast); Position psMax = max(psFirst, psLast);Position psMax = max(psFirst, psLast); if (psMin.Paragraph() == psMax.Paragraph()) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; pParagraph->GetRepaintSet(repaintSet, psMin.Character(), psMax.Character()); } else { Paragraph* pMinParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; pMinParagraph->GetRepaintSet(repaintSet, psMin.Character()); for (int iParagraph = psMin.Paragraph() + 1; iParagraph < psMax.Paragraph(); ++iParagraph) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; pParagraph->GetRepaintSet(repaintSet); } Paragraph* pMaxParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMax.Paragraph()]; pMaxParagraph->GetRepaintSet(repaintSet, 0, psMax.Character()); } } The method DeleteText removes the text between the two positions. It is quite complicated as we have several different special cases. Remember that psFirst andand psLast refers to the chronological order they were set, not necessarily their order in the document. Instead, psMin and psMax refer to their positions in the document. void CWordDoc::DeleteText(RectSet& repaintSet, CDC* pDC, Position psFirst, Position psLast)Position psLast) { Position psMin = min(psFirst, psLast); Position psMax = max(psFirst, psLast);Position psMax = max(psFirst, psLast); The Word Application [ 378 ] If both the character positions are at the beginning of their paragraphs (the positions still refer to different paragraphs), we simply remove the paragraphs in between. if ((psMin.Character() == 0) && (psMax.Character() == 0)) { for (int iParagraph = psMin.Paragraph(); iParagraph < psMin.Paragraph(); ++iParagraph) { delete m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; } m_paragraphArray.RemoveAt(psMin.Paragraph(), psMax.Paragraph() - psMin.Paragraph()); } If the last character position of the last paragraph is zero, and the last paragraph is the next one, we remove the rst up until the last position in the next paragraph. else if (psMax.Character() == 0) { if ((psMin.Paragraph() + 1) == psMax.Paragraph()) { Paragraph* pMinParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; pMinParagraph->DeleteText(psMin.Character()); Paragraph* pMaxParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMax.Paragraph()]; pMinParagraph->Append(pMaxParagraph); m_paragraphArray.RemoveAt(psMax.Paragraph()); pMinParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet); } If the last character position of the last paragraph is zero, and the last paragraph is not the next one, we remove from the rst position in the rst paragraph and up to the last position in the last paragraph as well as the whole paragraphs in between. else { Paragraph* pMinParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; pMinParagraph->DeleteText(psMax.Character()); pMinParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet); for (int iParagraph = psMin.Paragraph() + 1; iParagraph <= psMin.Paragraph(); ++iParagraph) { delete m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; Chapter 9 [ 379 ] } m_paragraphArray.RemoveAt(psMin.Paragraph() + 1, psMax.Paragraph() - psMin.Paragraph() + 1); } UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); } If the marked area does not start at the beginning of the paragraph, and the marked area is restricted to the same paragraph, we just delete the marked text in that paragraph. else { if (psMin.Paragraph() == psMax.Paragraph()) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; pParagraph->DeleteText(psMin.Character(),pParagraph->DeleteText(psMin.Character(), psMax.Character()); pParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet);pParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet); } If the marked area does not start at the beginning of the paragraph, and the marked area is not restricted to the same paragraph, we delete the text in the rst and last paragraph as well as the paragraphs in between. else { Paragraph* pMinParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMin.Paragraph()]; Paragraph* pMaxParagraph = m_paragraphArray [psMax.Paragraph()]; pMinParagraph->DeleteText(psMin.Character()); if (psMax.Character() == pMaxParagraph->GetLength()) { pMaxParagraph->DeleteText(0, psMax.Character()); } else { pMaxParagraph->DeleteText(0, psMax.Character() - 1); } pMaxParagraph->ClearRectArray(); pMinParagraph->Append(pMaxParagraph); pMinParagraph->Recalculate(pDC, &repaintSet); The Word Application [ 380 ] for (int iParagraph = psMin.Paragraph() + 1; iParagraph < psMin.Paragraph(); ++iParagraph) { delete m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; } m_paragraphArray.RemoveAt(psMin.Paragraph() + 1, psMax.Paragraph() - psMin.Paragraph()); } UpdateAllViews(NULL, 0, (CObject*) &repaintSet); } } When a paragraph has been altered in some way, we need to recalculate and repaint the altered part of the paragraph. However, we need also check the rest of the paragraphs and repaint the ones that have been shifted on the page. Moreover, we need to examine the pages and update the rst and last paragraph on each page. void CWordDoc::UpdateParagraphAndPageArray() { int iOldPages = (int) m_pageArray.GetSize(); m_pageArray.RemoveAll(); int iPageHeight = 0, iStartParagraph = 0; int iParagraphes = (int) m_paragraphArray.GetSize(); We traverse the paragraphs and divide them into pages of the document to examine their height. for (int iParagraph = 0; iParagraph < iParagraphes; ++iParagraph) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; int iHeight = pParagraph->GetHeight(); if ((iPageHeight + iHeight) <= PAGE_HEIGHT) { iPageHeight += iHeight; } When the current height exceeds the height of the page, we start a new page. If this page holds at least one paragraph, we add them to the page. else if (iStartParagraph < iParagraph) { Page page(iStartParagraph, iParagraph - 1); m_pageArray.Add(page); iStartParagraph = iParagraph; iPageHeight = iHeight; } Chapter 9 [ 381 ] If a single paragraph is higher than the page, we include it on the page and start the new page with the next paragraph. else { Page page(iStartParagraph, iStartParagraph); m_pageArray.Add(page); iStartParagraph = iParagraph + 1; iPageHeight = iHeight; } } Page page(iStartParagraph, iParagraphes - 1); m_pageArray.Add(page); The repaint set is used to collect the parts of the documents area that need to be repainted. For each page, we traverse the paragraphs and set their start position. RectSet repaintSet; int iNewPages = (int) m_pageArray.GetSize(); for (int iPage = 0; iPage < iNewPages; ++iPage) { int iPageHeight = iPage * PAGE_HEIGHT; Page page = m_pageArray[iPage]; int iFirstParagraph = page.GetFirstParagraph(); int iLastParagraph = page.GetLastParagraph(); for (int iParagraph = iFirstParagraph; iParagraph <= iLastParagraph; ++iParagraph) { Paragraph* pParagraph = m_paragraphArray[iParagraph]; int iHeight = pParagraph->GetHeight(); int yPos = pParagraph->GetStartPos(); If the previous start position of the paragraphs is being updated, we set the new start position and add the paragraphs' area to the repaint set. if (iPageHeight != yPos) { CRect rcOldParagraph(0, yPos, PAGE_WIDTH, yPos + iHeight); repaintSet.Add(rcOldParagraph); CRect rcNewParagraph(0, iPageHeight, PAGE_WIDTH, iPageHeight + iHeight); repaintSet.Add(rcNewParagraph); pParagraph->SetStartPos(iPageHeight); } iPageHeight += iHeight; } [...]... one hundredth millimeters We also set the origin of the client area to be at the bottom left corner by looking up the current positions of the scroll bars void CWordView::OnPrepareDC(CDC* pDC, CPrintInfo* /* pInfo */) { pDC->SetMapMode(MM_ISOTROPIC); CSize szWindow (100 * pDC->GetDeviceCaps(HORZSIZE), 100 * pDC->GetDeviceCaps(VERTSIZE)); CSize szViewport(pDC->GetDeviceCaps(HORZRES), pDC->GetDeviceCaps(VERTRES));... just been created OnUpdate is indirectly called by OnInitialUpdate In that case, we just repaint the whole client area else { Invalidate(); UpdateWindow(); } } The method OnPaint is called by the system every time the client area of the window needs to be (partly or completely) repainted or when the client area is re-painted and UpdateWindow is called In the applications in the earlier chapters of this... differently if the shift or control key is pressed at the same time, so first we have to decide whether they are pressed by calling the Win32 API function GetKeyState It returns a value less than zero if the given key is pressed When the control key is pressed, the view is being scrolled by calling OnVScroll or OnHScroll without notifying the document object Otherwise, one of the document class methods... m_bDoubleclick is first set to false when the user clicks the mouse key, and then set to true if is followed by a double-click When the user drags the mouse, we note the first and last position However, in the case of a double-click, a word will be marked, and we should not finish the marking process by calling MouseUp in the document class WordView.h const int LINE_WIDTH = 500; const int LINE_HEIGHT =... (iPageNum + 1) * PAGE_HEIGHT); pDC->IntersectClipRect(&rcPage); Finally, we call OnDraw to do the actual writing of the paragraphs OnDraw(pDC); } The method OnDraw is called by both OnPaint and OnPrint to do the actual writing by calling the Draw of each paragraph One thing that complicates matters is that some portion of the text to be written could be marked If the application is in the edit state,... SetAlignment(ALIGN_LEFT); } In the edit state, SetAlignment sets the given alignment to the current paragraph In the mark state, it traverses through the paragraphs and gives them the given alignment one by one void CWordDoc::SetAlignment(Alignment eAlignment) { CClientDC dc(m_pView); m_pView->OnPrepareDC(&dc); switch (m_eWordState) { [ 383 ] The Word Application In the edit state, we just set the alignment... not pressed, we send the key to the document object else if (bShiftKeyDown) { m_pWordDoc->ShiftKeyDown(uChar, &dc); } else { m_pWordDoc->KeyDown(uChar, &dc); } } The method OnUpdate is called indirectly by the document class when it calls UpdateAllViews It takes two parameters, lHint and pHint, that are used to update the vertical scroll bar (lHint) when the number of pages has been changed and to partly... scrollInfo; GetScrollInfo(SB_VERT, &scrollInfo); int yScrollPos = scrollInfo.nPos; switch (uSBCode) { [ 395 ] The Word Application The top scroll position is always zero The bottom position, however, is decided by the size of the client area (scrollInfo.nPage) because the scroll position is the top position of the visible part of the document case SB_TOP: yScrollPos = 0; break; case SB_BOTTOM: yScrollPos = scrollInfo.nMax... printing, see OnPrint below The method OnPaint has two tasks before it finally calls OnDraw First, we need to fill the area to the right of the document, if any (rcClient.right > PAGE_WIDTH) We do that by loading a brush with a light gray color and drawing a rectangle at the right of the document Note that we do not need to fill any space below the document as the vertical scroll bar is set to match... number of pages BOOL CWordView::OnPreparePrinting(CPrintInfo* pInfo) { pInfo->SetMinPage(1); pInfo->SetMaxPage(m_pWordDoc->GetPageNum()); return DoPreparePrinting(pInfo); } The method OnPrint is called by the Application Framework when the user chooses the file print menu item First, OnPreparePrinting is called to decide the number of pages to be printed and then OnPrint is called once for each page . the mouse, the word hit by the mouse is marked. We know the application is in the edit state and the correct character is noted because a double-click is always preceded by calls to MouseDown. 1; } The method PointToChar returns the position of the clicked paragraph and character index by calling PointToParagraph. Position CWordDoc::PointToChar(const CPoint& ptMouse) const { . the edit state) or the last marked position (in the mark state) is visible in the view window by calling MakeVisible. void CWordDoc::MakeVisible() { switch (m_eWordState) { case WS_EDIT: